This paper mainly introduces the origin and development of the slit-lamp microscope, the basic structure, working principle and test methods, focuses on diffuse illumination, direct focal illumination, indirect illumination, retro illumination, zone of specular reflection and slit-lamp filter used in the optical inspection, to provide the reference for clinical general optometry practitioners and using slit-lamp microscope widely and standardized.
Lighting ; instrumentation ; Ophthalmology ; instrumentation

Objective To investigate the effect of applying the evidence-based nursing in elderly hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage patients with minimally invasive therapy.Methods 78 cases of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage patients with minimally invasive treatment were recruited from May 2010 to May 2011.According to the conventional method of random numbers,they were divided into the evidencebased group and the conventional group with 39 cases in each group.The evidence-based group received evidence-based nursing,while the conventional group received conventional clinical nursing.The nursing effect of the two groups was observed.Results The satisfaction degree of the evidence-based group and conventional nursing group was respectively 94.9％ and 79.5 ％.There was statistically significant differences.The score of SDS,SAS and BI before treatment between two groups showed no significant difference,while it showed statistically significant differences after treatment between two groups.The complication rate of the evidence-based group and the conventional nursing group was respectively 10.2％ and 35.9％.There was statistically significant differences.Conclusions It is feasible to implement evidence-based nursing in the elderly hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage patients with minimally invasive therapy.It can effectively improve the patients' negative emotions,enhance daily living and quality of life.It is simple and can effectively reduce the incidence of complications.Thus,it is worthy of clinical application.

It is still a controversy whether a patient with prosthetic heart valve can have a normal pregnancy. Here we report five cases of such patients, of which two with a tissue valve and one with a mechanical valve. Their heart functions were of grade I. They were carefully monitored by both the obstetrician and cardiologist till the term. The pregnancy periods were uneventful, but two babies were delivered by cesarean section and one was vaginal delivery. The patient with an artificial mechanical valve was given oral anticoagulant every day and vitamin K1 injected before the operation. Both the mothers and babies had no complications. Twenty-four hours later, the oral anticoagulant was resumed and puerperium was still normal. Two other patients with a mechanical heart valve were pregnant, their heart functions were of grade II and one of them suffered from complications. They were not in a condition for continuous pregnancy, and so, operations were performed. Therefore, women with a prosthetic heart valve can have children if their management is closely supervised and extreme care taken with the use of oral anticoagulant.

The effect of ill-air conditioning system on indoor air quality was assessed based on fresh air, air distribution, water system and related facility. The related technical countermeasures to protect indoor air quality were also presented in this paper.

Objective:To examine the expression of podocalyxin protein in glomerular podocytes by long-term high glucose exposure in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining and computer image analysis were applied to detect the expression of podocalyxin protein in glomeruli from db/db mice and Wt mice.The effects of high glucose on the expression of podocalyxin protein were analized by Western blotting.The activation of MAPKS signaling pathway(ERK,p38 and JNK)by high glucose was also examined.Results:The expressions of podocalyxin protein in db/db mice were obviously less than that in Wt mice[(0.18?0.07)vs(0.25?0.05),P

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the perioperative use of drugs in epileptic patients.METHODS:By a retrospective analysis,the general condition,and drug use before,during and after operation of 117 epileptic inpatients in our hospital in 2006 was analyzed statistically.RESULTS:71(60.7%)epileptic patients before operation versus 83(70.9%)after operation received blood routine test and biochemical test.105(89.7%)received anti-epileptic drugs alone versus 12(10.3%)received combined drugs.The mean administration duration was 6.5 d for antibiotics versus 4.3 d for hormones.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to the perioperative drug use in epileptic patients to standardize the use of antibiotics and hormones and follow the rational drug use principle so as to keep seizure under control and improve the quality of life for epileptic patients.

High-quality medical talents must possess high accomplishment of logical thinking,but the current logic thinking standard of medical students is far from the needs of modern medical development.Therefore,setting up of a "logical thinking training" course for medical students is necessary and significant for the innovation,diagnosis,nursing care and management of modern medicine.The theoretical and practical conditions for the new course are both mature with feasibility.

OBJECTIVE:To study the damage of drugs to the nervous system.METHODS:154cases of adverse reactions of nervous system drugs collected from1999to2003in our hospital were analyzed statistically.RESUTLS:ADR of nervous system accounted for14.27%of all the ADR cases in our hospital;there were18kinds of drugs involved in ADR,which in?cluded the anti-infection drugs,Chinese drugs preparation,cardiovascular system drugs,nervous system drugs,antipyretic analgesic etc.CONCLUSION:It is of great clinical significance to keep alert,to identify and avoid the adverse effects of drugs on nervous system.

Objective To investigate the effect of levocarnitine ane hemoperfusion on micro-inflammatory state of maintenance hemoeialysis patients. Methods Ninety-nine hemoeialysis patients were selectee as our subjects who hospitalizee from Jan. 2006 to Jan. 2013 in Provincial Hospital Affiliatee to Shaneong University ane were raneomly eivieee into A,B ane C groups. Thirty-three patients in A group were treatee with hemoperfusion combinee with L-carnitine therapy,33 cases in B group were appliee hemoperfusion ane 30 cases in C group were treatee with oreinary eialysis. The level of high sensitivity C reactionprotein( hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measuree at before treatment,1ane 6 months after treatment. Results The levels of IL-6 in A group at before treatment,1 ane 6 months were(( 77. 53 ±12. 64),(62. 17 ± 11. 09),(42. 76 ± 10. 22))ng/L respectively,ane those were((76. 13 ± 13. 46), (70. 07 ± 2. 54),(59. 35 ± 11. 21))ng/L respectively in B group ane((78. 10 ± 10. 74),(72. 81 ± 11. 73), (68. 11 ± 13. 53))ng/L respectively in C group. The eifferences were significant( F within group=11. 642,P<0. 01;F among groups=6. 341,P<0. 01,F interaction=18. 275,P<0. 01),ane at the same perioe,there was significant eifference between A ane B,C group( P <0. 05 ). The levels of TNF-α in A group at before treatment,1 ane 6 months were((43. 59 ± 9. 81),(32. 34 ± 8. 68),(25. 7 ± 71. 27))ng/L respectively,ane those were((44. 53 ± 8. 62),(39. 15 ± 9. 72),(34. 82 ± 7. 21))ng/L respectively in B group ane((42. 19 ± 6. 72),(38. 63 ± 7. 65),(36. 98 ± 5. 89))ng/L respectively in C group. The eifferences among 3 groups were significant( F within groups = 10. 630,P < 0. 01;F among groups = 6. 654,P < 0. 01;F interaction=18. 273,P<0. 01),ane at the same perioe,there was significant eifference between A ane B,C group( P<0. 05). The levels of hs-CRP in A group at before treatment,1 month ane 6 months were((9. 34 ± 1. 16), (7. 28 ± 1. 05)ane(5. 13 ± 0. 84))mg/L. Those were((9. 05 ± 1. 36),(7. 97 ± 1. 08),(5. 82 ± 1. 13))mg/L in B group ane((9. 25 ± 1. 34),(8. 83 ± 1. 12),(8. 56 ± 1. 08))mg/L in C group. The eifferences among three groups were significant( F within group=12. 002,P<0. 01;F among groups=6. 681,P<0. 01;F interaction=17. 753,P<0. 01). The level of IL-6,TNF-α,Hs-CRP in the same perioes among the three groups were significant( P<0. 05),ane at the same perioe,there was significant eifference between A ane B,C group ( P<0. 05). Conclusion L-carnitine can be effective in treating patients with maintenance hemoeialysis micro-inflammatory state ane the safety.

The study progress of the function of Bid gene, Bid regulate to cell apoptosis, and it can affected by which factors has impulse clinical treatment to develop in recent years. Bid can change into tBid which urge cytochrome C releasing after stimulated by apoptosis signal, and release of cytochrome C induce apoptosis. Apoptosis mediated by Bid is very important to taking place and developing of many diseases. Bid also show dual role that promote apoptosis or proliferation in a few decreas. Studies in influencing factors of Bid mediate apoptosis also provid new ideas to treatment of solid tumor and malignancy hematopathy.