Objective To investigate the association of the Glu298-Asp(894G→T)mutation at exon 7 of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and acute myocardial infarction.Methods By using the designed primers based on flanking sequences of the Glu298-Asp mutation at exon7 of eNOS, 894G→T fragments were amplified by nested PCR from genomic DNA of healthy control and AMI subjects, digested by restriction enzyme after amplification and detected by agarose gel electrophoresis for 894G→T genotyping. To count the genotype and allele frequencies, the significance of difference in the genotype and allele between two groups were assessed by statistical analysis.Results Three genotypes containing GG, GT, TT were identified on the 894 site of the eNOS gene exon 7 in both AMI and controls. In AMI group, there were 25 patients having 9 homozygotes, the other 16 having heterozygotes. In controls, there were 13 cases with G894T mutation,all having heterozygotes. The mutation frequency of TT homozygote allele has extraordinary significant difference between two groups (P

The authors tried to combine the theoretical learning with experimental and clinical teaching by adding teaching materials of public opinion,head-simulator,typical cases,clinical practice,examination of clinical operation skill,and make up with deficiency to some extend in current pattern of stomatology teaching. The results have showed that the pattern of experimental teaching not only raises the students'activity,consolidates their basic knowledge,develops their clinical thinking ability,but also increases their ability of clinical operational skill before clinical training.

OBJECTIVETo improve the method for monitoring sleep state and respiratory rhythm of SD rats, providing a solution for rats' chewing on the wires, signal loss and instability problems in the animal model of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS).

METHODSWe improved monitoring electrodes of both electrocorticogram (ECoG) and electromyogram (EMG), signal circuit and animal operation.

RESULTSOperation time was shortened and wound exposure time was reduced, which made it easier for postoperative recovery. The ECoG and EMG signals were more stable with sharp image, and signal circuit lines had better conductivity and material durability, achieving continuous monitoring for a long time and high success rate. We could precisely distinguish the sleep wake state and the sleep apnea events in rats according to these signals.

CONCLUSIONThe improved method is more reliable and practical to test the small animal model of SAS, and is more easily to operate and the signals are more stable.

Animals ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Electromyography ; methods ; Models, Animal ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Rats ; Respiration ; Sleep ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine with the genotype distribution of MTHFR and MTRR among Chinese Han women in Xiangtan. Methods MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G geno?typing was analyzed to detect the distribution of gene polymorphisms among 1 701 women from Xiangtan city then the data were compared with the rest of the Han women in Zibo, Zhengzhou, Yantai, Zhenjiang, Songzi, Huizhou, Qionghai. Plasma Hcy levels from 110 patients were measured and analyzed the correlation with gene polymorphisms. Results The frequency of MTHFR C677T genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 12.6%which is higher than Huizhou (10.9%) and Qionghai (6.1%) but lower than Zibo (43.6%), Zhengzhou (36.8%), Yantai (32.2%), Zhenjiang (21.8%) with statistically significant dif?ference (P<0.05). There is no significant different in MTHFR C677T between Xiangtan and Songzi. The frequency of MTH?FR A1298C genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 4.8%which is lower than Qionghai(7.1%)but higher than Zibo (1.4%),Zhengzhou(2.4%), Yantai(1.8%), Zhenjiang(3.5%)and Songzi(2.6%)with statistically significant difference. The frenquency of MTRR A66G genotype and allele frequencies in Xiangtan is 6.8%which is higher than Zibo (4.8%) but lower than Qionghai (9.3%) with statistically signifcant difference. Plasma Hcy concentration correlate with MTHFR C677T, Hcy concentration in TT population is higher than that in CT and CC population(μmol/L:8.52±2.01 vs 5.94±1.47 vs 5.71± 0.18);Plasma Hcy concentration also correlate with MTHFR A1298C and Hcy concentration in CC population is higher than AA and AC population(μmol/L:9.83 ± 2.26 vs 6.35 ± 2.13 vs 5.55 ± 1.75);Plasma Hcy concentration does not correlate with MTRR A66G. Conclusion The gene polymorphism of MTHFR C677T, A1298C and MTRR A66G among the Han women in Xiangtan was statistically different from other selected regions of China. Mutation in MTHFR C 677T and A1298C were associated with elevated plasma levels of Hcy.

Objective:To investigate the value of atropine administration before tracheal intubation under general anesthesia in the elderly patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)biopsy.Methods:This was a case-control study.A total of 87 elderly hospitalized patients receiving chest enhanced CT test suggesting the risk of lung cancer with enlargement of mediastinal lymph nodes in 7 regions were scheduled to undergo endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration(EBUS-TBNA)biopsy under general anesthesia.The patients were randomly divided into two groups by flipping a coin: the atropine group(n=40)and the control group(n=47). The indicators for evaluating the application values of atropine included preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), heart rate, oropharyngeal and airway secretion volume, oxygen saturation, operation time, positive diagnosis rate and postoperative adverse reactions.Results:SBP and DBP were lower in the atropine group than in the control group before endotracheal intubation(131.7±15.3 mmHg vs.140.7±13.7 mmHg, 79.1±7.6 mmHg vs.85.6±7.4 mmHg, t=2.885 and 4.061, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in SBP and DBP 10 min after endoscopic operation and 10 min after tracheal extubation between the atropine group versus the control group(SBP: 109.1±11.2 mmHg vs.105.0±12.2 mmHg, 136.9±23.0 mmHg vs.129.9±11.2 mmHg, DBP: 66.9±7.5 mmHg vs.68.0±8.3 mmHg, 77.6±10.9 mmHg vs.78.5±6.4 mmHg, t=-1.617, 0.687, -1.751 and 0.448, P>0.05). There was no significant difference in HR between the two groups before endotracheal intubation( t=1.416, P>0.05), while HR was higher in the atropine group than in the control group 10 min after endoscopic operation and 10 min after tracheal extubation( t=-3.323 and -2.181, P<0.01 and P<0.05). The change rates of SBP and DBP were lower in the atropine group than in the control group 10 min after endoscopic operation and 10 min after tracheal extubation( t=7.947, -6.962, -3.187 and -3.232, P<0.01). The change rate of HR was lower in the atropine group 10 min after endoscopic operation and was higher 10 min after tracheal extubation than in the control group( t=-6.467 and -4.131, P<0.01). There were significant differences in the volume of oropharyngeal and airway secretions and fingertip oxygen saturation between the two groups before endotracheal intubation and 10 min after tracheal extubation( t=-2.334, 2.759, -3.314 and -2.767, P<0.01). The endoscopic operation time was less in the atropine group than in the control group with no statistically significant difference[(25.9±5.7)min vs.(26.4±4.7)min, t=0.391, P>0.05]. There was no significant difference in postoperative adverse reactions between the atropine group versus the control group(34 patients or 85.0% vs.43 patients or 91.5%, χ2=1.247, P>0.05). Conclusions:The application of atropine before tracheal intubation under general anesthesia is beneficial to stabilizing the intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate, and can reduce the production of postoperative oropharyngeal and airway secretions in elderly patients undergoing endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy.

Objectives:To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of the full coverage radiation to primary and all metastatic lesions in patients with oligometastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).Methods:Forty-four patients with oligometastatic CRPC was retrospective analyzed from Oct. 2011 to Jun. 2017 at Peking University 1 st Hospital. Before radiotherapy, average age was 72(57-86), the median value of initial PSA was 38.545 (6.640-1 066.000)ng/ml, the median value of PSA nadir after initial androgen deprivation therapy(ADT) was 0.259(0.011-18.762)ng/ml, the time interval between initial ADT to diagnosis of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer(mCRPC) was 12(4-96) months, and the median PSA value pre-radiotherapy was 3.765(2.040-187.000) ng/ml. There were 23(52.3%)patients with Gleason score 9-10 and 15(34.0%) patients with Gleason score 8. At the time of initial diagnosis, there was 41(93.2%) cases with stage T 3-T 4, 23(52.3%)cases with lymph node metastasis, and 29 (63.9%) case with distant metastasis. The number of metastatic foci before radiotherapy was 1 in 22(50.0%)cases, 2 in 12(27.3%)cases, 3 in 6(13.6%)cases and 4 in 4(9.1%)cases. There were 3 cases of pelvic lymph node metastasis (6.8%), 9 cases of retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis(20.5%), 21 cases of bone metastasis(47.7%), 11 cases of bone metastasis+ lymph node metastasis(25.0%), and no visceral metastasis. Image-guided volumetric modulated arc therapy(IGRT-VMAT) was used to fully cover primary and metastatic foci. The prostate and seminal vesicle were routinely underwent 76Gy/38 fractions, and the bioequivalent dose(BED 3) was 126.67 Gy. For those with pelvic lymph node metastasis, the drainage area of pelvic lymph node was 46Gy/23 fractions. According to the tolerance of different normal tissues around the lesions, the median BED 3 of local radiotherapy dose in the metastatic foci was 112.26(91.14-140.77)Gy. The efficacy and side effects of all these patients were recorded. Kaplan-meier method was used to analyze the overall survival and the new metastasis-free survival. Results:Only 1 patient had grade 3 urinary tract obstruction and underwent indwelling catheter. All the other patients had grade 1-2 toxic and side effects. After a median follow-up of 34.5(9-96) months, the PSA-nadir after radiotherapy was 0.088(0.003-132.000)ng/ml. Forty(90.9%) patients showed a decrease in PSA after radiotherapy, and 34(77.3%) cases. showed a decrease of >80%. The 1, 3, and 5-year overall survival rates were 90.9%, 54.5%, 36.8%, the 1, 3, and 5-year new metastasis free survival rates were 47.7%, 25.0%, 12.9%, respectively.Conclusion:The full coverage radiotherapy to primary and metastatic lesions showed high PSA response rate, the satisfactory survival and tolerable toxicity in oligometastatic CRPC patients.

Different-length fragments of the HIV trans-membrane antigen (gp120) gene were expressed in Escherichia coli, using T7 expression system. SDS-PAGE stained by Coomassic Brilliant Blue showed no expression of full-length gp120 and poor expression of half-length gp120 fragments from the N-terminal, but high expression of 1/3-lgenth gp120 gene fragments from the N-terminal (including V1/V2 epitopes), more than 18% of total bacterial protein. Western blot showed fairly good reactivity to serum from HIV-infected individual. On this basis, we expressed the corresponding tp 120 fragments of the HIV strains epidemic in China. This study laid a solid foundation for exploration of high expression of gp 120 in E.coli and development of HIV serological diagnostic system for Chinese people.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the nasopharynx carriage status of opportunistic pathogens in non-infectious old people.METHODS The totally of 592 pharyngeal samples from old persons were collected.RESULTS The isolated rates of main opportunistic pathogens were Haemophilus parainfluenzae,Stomatococcus mucilaginosus,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniaa.The isolated rate of single opportunistic pathogen was 45.8% and that of multiple opportunistic pathogens was 3.9%.The total carriage rate of opportunistic pathogen was 49.7%.The carriage rate of G+ or G-bacteria was 13.2% or 86.8%,respectively.The isolated rates of 2 multiple pathogens,S.pneumoniae and K.pneumoniae were increased with aging.The isolated rate of K.pneumoniae was higher in persons with more than 3 kinds of underlying diseases.CONCLUSIONS Aging,pharyngeal carriaging of S.pneumoniae,H.parainfluenzae,K.pneumoniae,et al and with multiple underlying diseases might be the risk factors for elder people to suffer from infectious respiratory disease.Isolating pharyngeal opportunistic pathogen among non-infection people is necessary and significant for prevention and treatment of infectious respiratory disease.

Objective To study the association of the CAG repeat length polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components in men.Methods We used cluster sampling method to select 910 middle-and old-aged male subjects from the communities in Yinchuan and Wuzhong cities,Ningxia.Their body height,weight and blood pressure were measured;their testosterone (TT),serum lipids,fasting glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) were assayed;and their body mass index (BMI) and free testosterone (FT) were calculated.Length of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing method.The subjects were divided into MS group (n =304) and normal control group (n=606) according to the diagnosis standards of MS.Results No obvious difference in the frequency distribution of CAG repeats in the AR gene was found between MS group and normal control group.The systolic blood pressure in the mcn with CAG repeat number of less than 22 was significantly higher than that in those with CAG repeat number of 22 or more,but HDL-C was significantly lower than men with CAG repeat number of 22 or more.However,the two groups did not significantly differ in diastolic blood pressure,other blood lipids level,FBG,FINS,BMI,TT or FT.The men with CAG repeat number of less than 22 had a higher prevalence of hypertension than those with CAG repeat number of 22 or more,but the prevalence of MS and other components of MS in the two groups had no significant difference,Conclusion The length of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the AR gene is related to the occurrence of hypertension and the dccreased level of HDL-C,but not to the incidence of MS.The number (less than 22) of CAG repeats of the AR gene may be a genetic factor of the occurrence of hypertension and reduced level of HDL-C.

Based on data related to human brucellosis which was collected from the national notifiable infectious disease reporting system in the 6 provinces(Inner Mongolia,Shanxi,Heilongjiang,Shaanxi,Jilin and Liaoning)of north China from 2004 to 2007,at the county scale.Data would include age and gender standardized mortality ratios(SMRs)while ESDA was including histograms,box plots and box maps,global and local Moran' s I statistics,etc.The global Moran' s I values from 2004 to 2007 were 0.2581,0.4574,0.4457,0.4841,respectively and all with statistically significant differences.Most of local Moran' s I values were significant positive statistically.High-high counties were mainly in the northeast,most of which were pastoral areas,but the farming-pastoral areas and agricultural areas/town had an increasing trend over time.Low-low counties were mainly in the western and southern areas and most of which were agricultural areas/towns.Low-high counties appeared to be rare,mainly around the counties with high incidence,mainly belonged to agricultural areas/towns.The incidence rates of brucellosis in the six provinces of north China had a trend of increase from 2004 to 2007,namely spreading from east to west,from south to north,and from pastoral areas to farming-pastoral areas and agricultural areas/towns.ESDA could be used to develop effective measures for prevention and control of brucellosis.