The present paper reports a determination of copper, zinc and aluminium in caudate nuclei in 8 adult cadavers and in 15 newborn cadavers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using the graphite furnace atomizer. The results showed that the normal content of copper in the adult caudate nucleus was 24.04?8.93mg/kg dry tissue, zinc 129.92+89.17mg/kg and aluminium 2.38?0.77mg/kg. In the newborn cadavers, the normal contents of copper zinc and aluminium were 11.00+5.49, 75.35+27.52 and 1.72?0.56mg/kg dry tissue respectively. These results indicate that the data Iisted above in adults are higher than in newborn in fants.

Object To survey the worldwide medicinal plant resources of Illicium L Methods On the basis of herbarium, we studied on more than 10 000 speciemens of Illicium L from 121 Herbaria in 18 countries and the reviewed literature Results Fifteen species in Illicium L in the world belong to the medicinal plants, and they distribute in China, India, Burma and Vietnam In addition, the province scale distribution, habitat preference, and medicinal value are provided for each of the 15 medicinal plants Conclusion The medicinal plant resources of Illicium L from China are the most abundant in the world, and should be rationally exploited and widely utilized

In order to study the light propagation in biological tissue, we analyzed the divergent beam propagation in turbid medium. We set up a Monte Carlo simulation model for simulating the divergent beam propagation in a semi-infinite bio-tissue. Using this model, we studied the absorbed photon density with different tissue parameters in the case of a divergent beam injecting the tissue. The simulation results showed that the rules of optical propagation in the tissue were found and further the results also suggested that the diagnosis and treatment of the light could refer to the rules of optical propagation.
Computer Simulation ; Light ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method ; Optics and Photonics ; Scattering, Radiation

Objective:Peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC) has been application in clinical for many years,but the training in the knowledge about maintenance wasn't univesal systematically yet.To analyze the existed problems on the clinical peripherally inserted central catheter in washpipe technology and find out countermeasures. Methods: The self-made questionnaire was used to survey a total of 46 nurses in every department and make on-site operation demonstration. Results: Only 12 nurses' operation was completely correct and the correct rate was 26.1percent,which was related to the training,manager's attention,nurses' participate awareness. Conclusion: The training on nurses' operation of red tube needed to be strengthen.

Objective To analyze the correlation of serum hs‐CRP and IL‐6 levels with cerebral hemorrhage volume and nerve function damage .Methods One hundred and two cerebral hemor‐rhage patients served as an experimental group and 64 individuals undergoing physical examina‐tion served as a control group in this study .The patients in experimental group were further di‐vided into mild damage group (n= 29) ,moderate damage group (n= 42) ,severe damage group (n=31) ,10 ml hemorrhage group(n=15) ,10 -30 ml hemorrhage group (n=52) ,and >30 ml hemorrhage group (n=35) .Their serum hs‐CRP and IL‐6 levels were measured on days 1 ,5 ,10 and 15 after admission .Results The serum hs‐CRP and IL‐6 levels in experimental group in‐creased gradually in the first 5 days ,reached their peak on day 5 and then decreased gradually (P<0 .05) .The serum hs‐CRP and IL‐6 levels were significantly higher in severe damage group than in mild and moderate damage groups ( P<0 .05) ,and in experimental group than in control group (9 .46 ± 1 .26 mg/L vs 4 .24 ± 0 .94 mg/L ,P=0 .02) .Conclusion The serum hs‐CRP and IL‐6 levels are related with cerebral hemorrhage volume and nerve function damage ,and can thus be considered as an important parameter in clinical testing .

Autophagy is a physiological process which delivers the mutant cytoplasmic proteins and dysfunctional subcellular organs into lysosomes for degradation to generate fuel in the deficiency conditions. It is mainly classified into macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA), as well as the selective autophagy such as mitophagy and aggrephagy. This review mainly introduces the key molecular markers of macroautophagy, CMA and mitophagy.
Autophagy ; Humans ; Lysosomes ; Mitochondrial Degradation ; Molecular Chaperones

Objective To explore the difference between the results of the cross-disciplinary joint teaching method and the traditional teaching method in medical humanity courses.Method 128 students in one military medical university were selected to be randomly assigned to the study group and the control group,using the cross-disciplinary joint teaching mode (study group,n=64) and traditional teaching mode (control group,n=64) in medical humanity courses.For the joint teaching mode,we compiled the teaching materials of medical humanities,formed the teaching team and organized the academic communication after class by social media.After all courses were finished,the subject cognition and approval of whole students were evaluated by the unified arranged examination and questionnaire.Then the data was processed by SPSS 18.0.Results On the aspect of subject cognition,the total scores of the study group were higher than control group in health law [(76.2 ± 3.34) vs.(72.5 ± 4.76);t=3.32,P=0.000] and medical ethics [(75.3 ±2.93) vs.(68.3 ± 3.10);t=4.01,P=0.000].On the aspect of subject approval,the recognition of the students of the study group in these three subjects were more than those of the control group except the selfevaluation of medical psychology (P=0.000).Conclusion The application of cross-disciplinary joint teaching method on medical humanity courses contributes evidently to the promotion of the medical humanity quality of clinical medical students.To implement this model,however,multi-sided resources are needed for colleges to coor-dinate,for perfect results require more practical exploration.

Autophagy is a physiological process which delivers the mutant cytoplasmic proteins and dysfunctional subcellular organs into lysosomes for degradation to generate fuel in the deficiency conditions. It is mainly classified into macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA), as well as the selective autophagy such as mitophagy and aggrephagy. This review mainly introduces the key molecular markers of macroautophagy, CMA and mitophagy.

Objective To explore the relationship betw een injury age and expressions of erythropoietin (EPO ) and its receptor EPO R in the brain tissue of rats after cerebral injury. Methods Seventy-tw o rats w ere random ly divided into control group (36 rats) and cerebral injury group (36 rats). The rats w ere sac-rificed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 h after cerebral injury (6 rats at each tim e point) and the brain tissues w ere extracted. The expressions of m RNA and protein of EPO and EPO R at different tim e points w ere de-tected by real-tim e fluorescent quantitative PC R and W estern bloting. Results The expressions of EPO and EPO R increased w ithin 24 h after injury. The expressions of m RNA and protein of EPO w ere relat-ed to the injury age, and the correlations w ere 0.875, 0.911, respectively (P<0.05). The expressions of m RNA and protein of EPO R w ere related to the injury age, and the correlation coefficients w ere 0.936, 0.905, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of EPO and EPO R increase gradually in the early stage of the rat’s cerebral injury, w hich are associated w ith the injury age and could be a useful value for estim ating injury age.

BACKGROUND: Although clinical methods for autologous peripheral blood stem cell separation and identification arerelatively more, there is no unified standard. Moreover, little is reported on immune effects on lung adenocarcinomaduring autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation on immunological function oflung adenocarcinoma rats by exploring the separation and identification methods of autologous peripheral blood stemcells.METHODS: The mononuclear cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of Wistar rats by density gradientcentrifugation method and then identified. Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into routine treatment group andcell transplantation group, with nine rats in each group. Animal models of lung adenocarcinoma were established in therats, and underwent no treatment in the routine treatment group but injection of autologous peripheral blood stem cellsuspension (0.2 mL, 2.5×106/L) via the tail vein in the cell transplantation group. Immune indicators were detected in twogroups after treatment. Three rats from each group were anesthetized and scarified at 4, 10, 14 days after treatment,respectively. Afterwards, we detected the effects of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation onimmunological function of lung adenocarcinoma rats.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Newly isolated mononuclear cells from rat peripheral blood showed a round or ovalshape and were relatively small in size. After 5 days of culture, autologous peripheral blood stem cells grew rapidly, andthe round cells began to spread to both ends and became spindle-shaped, thereby forming small colonies. Autologousperipheral blood stem cells induced in vitro experienced three stages successively: cell arrest, logarithmic and plateauphases. Flow cytometry showed that sorted cells were identified as autologous peripheral blood stem cells by expressingCD90, CD133 and Flk-1. After 4, 10 and 14 days culture, the expression of CD133 increased first and then descended,and Flk-1 showed an increasing trend. Compared with the routine treatment group, the expression of tumor necrosisfactor-α induced protein 6 in the cell transplantation group was significantly higher (P < 0.05), while the expression ofnuclear factor κB was significantly lower (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the isolation and identification methods of autologousperipheral blood stem cells are simple and can be used to secrete a large number of nutritional factors in the treatment oflung adenocarcinoma, which can enhance body immunity in the treatment.