Based on traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical experience, traditional Chinese herbal drug toxicity has its own special connotation. From the perspective of history and logic, the different comprehension of toxicity between Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine was discussed after retracing the meaning of "drug toxicity" in traditional Chinese medicine. The authors suggest that it's not feasible to study the Chinese medicine coping mechanically and applying indiscriminately the concept and the research idea about modern drug toxicity since there is different understanding of "drug toxicity" between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Many control elements are involved in the use of traditional Chinese herbal drugs, and Chinese drug components and actions are complex as compared with Western drugs. More and more drugs with toxicity will be found due to the relativity of drug toxicity. Currently, the study of Chinese drug toxicity should pay more attention to the relation between the toxicity and Chinese drug nature, compatibility and the corresponding disease or syndrome pattern after making definition of Chinese drug toxicity and its connotation.

Cerebral vasospasm is one of the most severe complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Its incidence is as high as 30-90%. It often causes severe regional cerebral ischemia or delayed ischemic brain damage, even resulting in cerebral infarction, and it thus becomes the primary cause of mortality and disability. In recent years, with the development of studies, people have realized that the oxyhemoglobin, inflammatory reaction, accumulation of vasoconstrictive substances, apoptosis, blood hypercoagulability and blood vessel cell proliferation play important roles in the development of cerebral vasospasm. Although its mechanism remains unclear, better effects have been achieved by using related treatment methods according to the available pathogenesis.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of the effect of Linweidihuang Pills on diabetic neuropathy in rat. Methods: The diabetic rats were induced by alloxan. Serum glucose was tested by glucose oxidase and sciatic nerve sorbitol was determined by GC. Results: After Liuweidihuang Pills,0.5～2g/kg taken orally for 3 months, the level of sciatic nervous sorbitol and serum glucose in rat decreased significantly and the results showed certain dose effect relationship.Conclusion: Liuweidihuang Pills can controll diabetic neuropathy by inhibiting sorbitol biosynthesis.

Apoptosis ; Humans ; Periodontitis ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the investigation outcome of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)in Ya'an city of Sichuan province,and to master the current situation of IDD in the whole city.Methods In 2009,according toCounties'Assessment Guideline in Sichuan for Implementing the Measure to Eliminate Iodine Deficiency Disorders,assessments were conducted.At county level,composite score was given to collected data of the eight counties(districts)and monitoring data of household iodized salt were statistically analyzed.A township (town)was randomly selected by east,west,south,north and center locations,respectively.One primary school was randomly selected in each selected township(town),eighty children aged 8 to 10 in each selected school were checked of their thyroid by palpation(WS 276-2007)and urinary iodine level of20 children among them was measured by As3+_Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006).Thirty fifth-grade students and 10 housewives lived around school were asked to take a questionnaire survey.Results Average score of the 8 counties(districts)was 89.96,ranged from 85.42 to 92.90.The coverage rate of iodized salt of household was 100.00%(2328/2328),rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.98%(2281/2328).and consumption rate of qualified iodized salt reached 97.98%(2281/2328).The goiter rate of children aged 8-10 was 0.91%(33/3620),median urinary iodine was 235.85μg/L,and 1.50%(12/800)of child's urinary iodine was less than 50μg/L.The rate of passing a knowledge questionnaire survey of the fifth-grade students and women was 92.33%(1 131/1225)and 9413%(397/421),respectively.Conclusions Ya'an city in Sichuan province has reached the goal of eliminating iodine deficiency.disorders,but there is a coexist trend of IDD and iodine excess.They should pay attention to the daily consumption of iodized salt in the future;sustained elimination of IDD can be reached only by iodine supplementation scientifically.

Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes

ObjectiveTo observe the morphological changes of enteric nerve-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) network in rats with the bacterial peritonitis, and to investigate the main cause of gastrointestinal dysfunction and gastrointestinal failure with the bacterial peritonitis. Methods Sixty Wistar rats of both sexes were randomly divided into two groups. The model of the bacterial peritonitis was established.To record the frequency and amplitude of slow wave in myoelectricity of intestine in vivo to assess the function of the intestine motility. The proximal 10.0 cm segment of jejunum beginning 2 cm distal to the pylorus from each group was studied using c-Kit and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)/ neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemical double-staining with whole-mount preparation technique and laser scanning confocal microscopy(CLSM). Results Compared the result of the bacterial peritonitis group with the normal group, it was found that the frequency and amplitude of slow wave in myoelectricity of intestine of the bacterial peritonitis group were slower and lower than the normal group, CLSM scanned ICC network showed that compared with the control group, the distributions and densities of ICC of intestine in the bacterial peritonitis group decreased significantly(P<0.01), the number of ICC synapse decreased, the cell junction between ICC and the ICC network was disrupted, and the fluorescence intension of cell decreased. CLSM scanned enteric nerve-ICC network indicated that compared with the control group, in the bacterial peritonitis group, the distributions and densities of cholinergic nerves (P<0.01)/ nitrergic nerves(P<0.01)and ICC(P<0.01)of intestine significantly decreased respectively, the cell junction between enteric nerve and enteric nerve -ICC network was disrupted, and the fluorescence intension of enteric nerve -ICC network decreased. The network of cholinergic/nitrergic nerve-ICC was disrupted. Conclusion The number of cholinergic nerves and nitrergic nerves were reduced, and the enteric nerve-ICC network was damaged in rats with bacterial peritonitis. Gastrointestinal motility dysfunction can be caused by the bacterial peritonitis.

To establish a spectrophotometric method for detecting selenium in drinking water,some subjects,such as the features of absorption spectrum of the reacting product of selenium and diaminonaphthalene,disturbance of other coexisting ions,detection range,detection limit,precision and accuracy were studied.The results showed that:the maximum absorption wavelength of the reacting product of Se4+and 2,3-diaminonaphthalene was 377 nm,the detection limit,molar absorptivity (ε377) and linear range of this method was 0.018 μg/50 ml,2.7×104 L/(mol·cm)and 0.2～10 μg/50ml respectively.The regressive equation was A＝0.077C＋0.014 with a correlation coefficient r value of 0.9999.The relative standard deviation (RSD) and recovery rate were ＜54.7% and 96.5%～106% respectively.This method was simple,sensitive and accurate,could meet the requirement of the routine monitoring of selenium in drinking water.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of the quantitative detection of plasma 1,3-β-D-glucan in penicilliposis marneffei. Methods The 1,3-β-D-glucan concentrations were detected by using a G test. Results In 60 New Zealand rabbits infected by Penicillium marneffei,the levels of 1,3-β-D-glucan were positively correlated with infectious severity. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive rate and negative predictive rate were 88.3%、100%、 100% and 58.8% respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the control group(P <0.01 ).Conclusion The quantitative method for the detection of 1,3-β-D-glucan in plasma was simple,sensitive and reliable, and could be used as the assisting diagnosis of penicilliposis marneffei at early stage.

CdSe/ZnSquantumdots(QDs)werepreparedandcovalentlylinkedtoanti-katacalcinmonoclonal antibodies. After modification, the QDs' maximum emission wavelength was shifted to 625 nm from 620 nm while maintaining the spectral properties. Then the QDs labeled lateral flow strip and corresponding fluorescence measuring instrument were designed and fabricated. To reduce the cost of strip by reducing the amounts of monoclonal antibodies, appropriate amounts of QDs labeled monoclonal antibodies were sprayed on the conjugation pad, with just one test line on the strip but without the control line. Parameters of the strip were optimized by measuring the signal to noise ratio. By using the strip and fluorescence measuring instrument, procalcitonin (PCT) could be detected in 20 min, and the quantitative detection range was 0. 2-100 μg/L with sensitivity of 0. 1 μg/L. A total of 22 blood samples were measured by both our method and the commercial instrument used in the hoptital. The results were consistent for their Pearson correlation coefficient (0. 9995) and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (Sig=1. 0). The rapid quantitative detection method for PCT is of great importance to quantitative detection of bacterial infection and rational usage of antibiotics clinically.