Objective To explore the relationships of traumatic brain injury ( TBI ) and recognition and empathy.Methods 120 cases with moderate to-severe TBI and 120 healthy controls with age and gender-matched were chose.Participants were evaluated for facial and vocal affect recognition;and affective and cognitive empathy (empathic concern and perspective-taking,respectively) were detected.Results Participants with TBI had signifi-cantly poorer facial and vocal affect recognition.Facial and vocal affect recognition variances (14.28 ±3.87) points and DANVA2-Voice (14.12 ±3.14) points were significantly lower than those of the control group ( t=-3.927, 4.183,all P<0.05);the empathic concern score (19.58 ±4.87) points and perspective taking(14.46 ±5.34) points were significantly lower than those of the control group too (t=-3.015,-3.935,all P<0.05).Conclusion TBI patients have a tendency to avoid thinking about emotions and more likely to have problems recognizing others′emotions and assuming others′points of view.

BACKGROUND:Traditional imaging examinations have lower sensitivity in diagnosing articular cartilage injury, and the effects of biomarkers in body fluid on diagnosing severity of cartilage injury should be evaluated.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance of the biomarkers, including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), in serum and synovial fluid in evaluating the early sports injury of articular cartilage.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: the 105 Central Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: Eighteen adult male hybrid dogs (15-25 kg, average 22.5 kg) were divided into three groups randomly: ①plain-running group (n =8): the dogs ran on the plain; ② slope-running group (n =8): the dogs ran on the slope of 10°; ③control group (n =2): the dogs could move freely.METHODS: Dogs in the plain-running group and slope-running group were trained daily, rurning for an hour in the morning and in the afternoon respectively(total two hours per day), 4 m/s, and the training lasted for 10 weeks. Serum and synovial fluid were collected on the dayof training, and at the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 10th weeks respectively in both the plain-running group and slope-running group, and the concentrations of COMP,MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 were detected with ELISA. Standard curves were built by the standard concentrations and A values, according to which corresponding concentrations of specimens were obtained. Knee joint MRI examination was performed, and the training was canceled on the day of examination. All the dogs were killed after 10 weeks, and the knee joint cartilages weight loading region of femur condyles were observed histologically.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentrations of COMP, MMP-1, MMP-3, TIMP-1 in serum and synovial fluid on the day of training, and the 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks in each group; Results of MRI examination of knee joint; Results of the histological observation of knee joint cartilage after 10 weeks.RESULTS: All the 18 dogs were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of examination in serum. ② Results of examination in synovial fluid: In the slope-running group, the COMP concentrations at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks were obviously higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.01), MMP-1 concentration at 2, 4 and 6 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.05-0.01), MMP-3 concentrations at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group (P ＜ 0.01);The MMP-3/TIMP-1 ratios at 2, 4 and 8 weeks were higher than those in the plain-running group(P ＜ 0.05-0.01).③ The concentrations of COMP,MMP-1,MMP-3 and TIMP-1 and the MMP-3/TIMP-1 ratio in serum were significantly correlated with the corresponding biomarkers in synovial fluid (r =0.631,0.502, 0.748, 0.651, 0.667, P＜ 0.01). ④ Results of histological observations: In both the plain-running group and slope-running group, obvious pathological changes of articular cartilage injury were observed at 10 weeks, the activity of articular chondrocytes in the surface layer was obviously decreased, which was severer in the latter group than in the former one. ⑤Results of MRI examination: Early sports injury changes of knee joint appeared at 2 weeks, and progressive aggravation occurred in both the plain-running group and slope-running group.CONCLUSION: Repetitive, impacted, torsional, shearing motions with long time and great intensity are easy to induce sports injury,even osteoarthritis.The sensitivity of these biomarkers is better than MRI in reflecting the pathological changes of articular cartilage.

Objective To investigate the effect of combined anti-platelets drugs on platelet activation in the elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods Totally 72 elderly patients with ACS were divided randomly into two groups according to age ≤ 80 years and ＞ 80 years.Aspirin 100 mg/d plus clopidogrel 75 mg/d were used in all the patients for 2 weeks.The positive glycoprotein Ⅱb/Ⅲa and P-selectin expressions on the surface of platelets were assessed with flow cytometry (FCM) after the platelets were activated by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid.Results The expressions of GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa and P-selectin were (73.5± 11.0,71.2±8.7) ％ at baseline and (51.3±9.1,57.3±12.4)％ after anti-platelets medicine more than 14 days in group of age≤80 years.than 14 days.The expression of GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa and P-selectin were (78.3 ±12.7,75.8±8.6)％ on the surface of platelet at baseline in group of age＞ 80 years,after anti-platelets medicine treatment were (41.2±8.5,47.3±10.3)％.The positive expressions of GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa and P-selectin in group of age＞ 80 years were decreased compared with those in group of age≤ 80 years after combination of medicines treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions Combined aspirin and Clopidogrel treatment have a more strong effect in inhibiting the activation of platelets in the elderly patients more than 80-year with ACS.

Objective To study the correlation between diabetes and the new discovered angiopietin-related growth factor (AGF)that participates in energy metabolism.MethodsA total of 24 male C.57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups:controlled group; fed with high-fat diet( HFD); fed with high-fat diet for 10 weeks and then treated with rosiglitazone ( HFD + RSG) ; The relative level of AGF mRNA expression in livers was measured by determining a ratio of PCR products of AGF to that of β-actin gene.Oral glucose tolerance test,and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were used to measure blood glucose level and insulin sensitivity.Results Compared with the controls,the expression of AGF mRNA in liver decreased significantly in HFD group( P ＜0.05),and increased significantly in HFD + RSG group( P＜0.01 ).A negative correlation was found between AGF mRNA expression in mice livers and HOMA score ( r =-0.516,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions AGF as a new hepatocyte derived circulating factor counteracts obesity and is related to insulin resistance.

Fifty six elderly patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were divided into nonsmoking group (n =30) and smoking group (n =26).All patients received aspirin 100 mg/d + Clopidogrel 75 mg/d for 14 d.The expression of glycoprotein Ⅱ b/Ⅲa and P-Selectin on the surface of platelets in both groups were assessed with flow cytometry (FCM).The positive expression rates of GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a and P-Selectin before treatment were (67.86 ± 12.14)％,(70.37 ± 10.15)％ in non-smoking group and (79.47 ± 11.62) ％,(81.26 ± 9.74) ％ in smoking group.The positive expression rates of GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a and P-Selectin after treatment were significantly decreased to (50.18 ± 8.72) ％,(49.36 ± 11.43) ％ in nonsmoking group and to (61.15±9.29)％,(57.52±10.81)％ in smoking group(P＜0.01).Also the degree of decreasing expression rates of GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a and P-Selectin was nore markedly in non-smoking group than that in smoking group (P ＜ 0.05).The results indicate that expressions of GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a and P-Selectin on the surface of platelets are increased in the elderly smoker patients with ACS,and smoking may decrease the effect of anti-platelet agents.

Objective　The effects of endotoxemia on hepatic energy metabolism and hepatic tissue blood flow were studied on the rats with obstructive jaundice.Methods　 After biliary obstructed and decompressed the rats were injected endotoxin,then hepatic tissue blood flow and energy metabolism were determined.Results　Hepatic blood flow decreased and hepatic energy metabolism lowered in rats with obstructive jaundice.Hepatic blood flow decreased markedly and hepatic energy metabolism lowered further due to endotoxemia. Afeter 4 weeks of jaundice hepatic energy metabolism did not recover.Conclusion　The decrease in hepatic tissue blood flow affected notably hepatic energy metabolism in obsturctive jaundice.When obstructive jaundice with endotoxemia happened,hepatic tissue blood flow markedly deceased and energy metabolism lowered further.

Objective: To observe the clinical effects of acupoint application therapy for asthmatic diseases in the hottest of summer days. Methods: 500 cases of patients with asthmatic diseases were treated by applying a herbal drug on the acupoints in the hottest summer days, namely herbal cake stuck on the acupoint with a piece of plaster, for 6 h every time, once respectively in the first, second and third period of the hottest summer days. Six months after the last session, the clinical effects were assessed by questionnaire. Results: In 500 cases of the patients, the results showed a remarkable effect in 267 cases, improvement in 182 cases, failure in 51 cases and the effective rate was 89.9%. Conclusion: The therapeutic effects are positive in the application of a herbal drug on an acupoint for asthmatic diseases. This method is convenient and needs to be popularized clinically.

Objective To determine the expression of Aquaporin 8 (AQP8) in the fetal membrane and placenta of idiopathic polyhydramnios. Methods The amnion, chorion and placenta were collected from 12 term pregnancies with idiopathic polyhydramnios(polyhydramnios group) and 12 term pregnancies who were normal (control group). The expression of AQP8 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression of AQP8 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of AQP8 mRNA in amnion, chorion and placenta of polyhydramnios group was (0.78±0.13), (0.58±0.10), and (0.86±0.15) respectively, and that of control group was (0.39±0.07 ), (0.45±0.09),and (0.34±0.09) respectively. The expression of AQP8 protein in amnion, chorion and placenta of polyhydramnios group was (0.195±0.024), (0. 170±0.028), and (0. 193±0.024) respectively, and that of control group was (0. 151±0.018), (0.156±0.024), and (0. 152±0.023) respectively. In all 3 types of tissues the expression of AQP8 mRNA of polyhydramnios group was higher than that of control group (P<0.05). In anmion and placenta the expression of AQP8 protein of polyhydramnios group was also increased compared to that of control group (P<0.05), but in chorion the difference in AQP8 protein expression between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of AQP8 mRNA and protein is significantly increased in the anmion and placenta of polyhydramnios, suggesting that AQP8 may play an important role in the regulation of amniotic fluid volume.

The author believed that pathogenesis of IGT is yin asthenia,deficiency of both vital energy and yin,obstruct of phlegm and blood stasis,which result from innate deficiency,improper diet,over exertion and so on.According to these pathogenesis,therapeutic principle as supplementing qi and nourishing yin,invigorating vital energy and spleen,removing blood stasis and phlegm,and nourishing yin and kidney are established.Besides,acupuncture and massage have been applied as well.According to the literatures,good potentialities have been shown in traditional Chinese medicine intervening on IGT.

Embolic stroke of undetermined source ( ESUS ) refers to non-lacunar brain infarcts without definite proximal arterialstenosis or major cardioembolic sources.Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation may be the most important cause of ESUS, thus anticoagulation may be more effective than antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention to this group of patients.This paper reviews the latest progress on the definition, epidemiology, diagnostic approach, relation to atrial fibrillation and management of ESUS.