Objective To illuminate the effect of persisters on antifungal therapy by infecting Caenorhabditis elegans as a live-animal model with Candida albicans isolates of different persister levels, treating them with amphotericin B and comparing the survival rate. Methods Glp-4 (bn2ts); sek-1 (km4) worms were synchronized and grown to sterile to L4-stage, put on different Candida albicans strains lawns separately for 2 h. Dispensed 15-20 worms per well of the 96-well plate, and added serial dilutions of amphotericin B for each strain group. Wells filled without any amphotericin B were used as negative controls intra-group. Incubated the plate at 25C for 5 days, counted the survival rate of each well. Results Compared with negative controls, survival rate of drug wells in each group increased. In the same drug concentration, the increase for high-persister group was significantly lower than that for low-persister group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Caenorhabditis elegans provides a model for the study of persisters and antifungal pharmacodynamics.The drug tolerance of persisters may be a critical component responsible for antifungal drug failure and relapsing infections.

Acetic Acid ; analysis ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; Workplace

Amikacin ; adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; adverse effects ; Child ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Erythema Multiforme ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Male

Objective To study the changes in the central nervous system in adult mice after various degrees of acute heat stress. Methods Adult mice placed in insulated cages were exposed to 24℃, 34℃, 37℃, 38.5℃, 40℃ or 42℃ for 60min respectively with a constant humidity of 60%. The behavior response was carefully monitored. Rectal temperature was measured before the exposure and after the exposure. Electroencephagrams were taken. Then the hippocampal neurons of these animals were examined with transmission electron microscope. Results Heat stress at 34℃ for 60 min only raised the rectal temperature, and heat stress above 37℃ for 60 min not only raised rectal temperature, but also induced water loss and irritability and attempt to escape. Abnormal EEG with increased amplitude and retarded rhythm could be observed. However, when mice were exposed to 24℃ and 34℃ such behavior did not appear. After exposure to 42℃, EEG frequency increased and pathological changes in hippocampus neurons were found. The main ultrastructural changes included degeneration of hippocampal neurons, expansion of space around capillary, decrease in number of synaptic vesicle, and decomposition of synapse. Conclusion Mice were very sensitive to heat stress. An increase in core temperature could induce behavioral thermoregulation. EEG and electron microscopic study revealed changes in the central nervous system after heat stress. Following exposure to high environmental temperature under 40℃, acute dysfunction of brain was reversible. At 42℃, damage to the brain tissue occurred, and most mice died of heat stroke.

Acupuncture therapy for regaining consciousness activates soreness, numbness, distention, heaviness, radiating and moving, electric shock and ant climbing sensations at the specific acupoints in the stroke patients. Radiating and moving sensations are the summary of needling sensations such as soreness, numbness and twitching presenting during lifting and thrusting manipulation. These sensations are the essential factors of the therapeutic effect of regaining consciousness. Radiating sensation refers to the conduction along meridians and radiation of soreness and numbness. Moving sensation refers to the local muscular twitching at acupoints and the involuntary movement of limbs, joints and the distal. Acupuncture at the specific acupoints achieves radiating and moving sensations for promoting the circulation in meridians, regulating qi and mind and balancing yin and yang in stroke patients. This therapy was introduced in the paper in view of acupoint location, needle insertion and manipulation.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Meridians ; Needles ; Stroke ; psychology ; therapy

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and correlation between RAR-βgene methylation and p53 gene mutation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)in non-small-cell lung cancer.Methods BALF samples from 85 lung cancer pa-tients(lung cancer group)and 70 cases(benign lung diseases group)with benign lung diseases were collected.RAR-βgene methyla-tion in BALF samples was detected by methylation-specific PCR (MSP),and p53 gene mutation was detected by PCR and DNA se-quencing method.Results The rate of RAR-βmethylation and p53 mutation in BALF in lung cancer were 49.4% and 36.5%,re-spectively.Both were higher than in benign lung diseases group(P <0.01).RAR-βmethylation rate(32.5%)of patients with TNM stages(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)(32.5%)was higher than the p53 mutation rate(12.5%)over the same stages (P <0.05).RAR-βmethylation rate and p53 mutation rate of patients with stages(Ⅲ+Ⅳ)were higher than those with stages(Ⅰ+Ⅱ)(P <0.01).p53 mutation rate in lung cancer patients with RAR-βmethylation was higher than those with unmethylated(P <0.01).RAR-βmethylation rate of lung cancer patients with p53 mutation was higher than those without p53 mutation(P <0.01).Conclusion Detection of RAR-βmethyl-ation and p53 mutation in BALF contribute to the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Objective:To establish an optimum preparation process for Hongteng decoction hollow suppositories. Methods:An orthogonal design was performed to screen the proportion of drug and base(A),the temperature of mold filling with drug and base(B)and stripping time(C),and the appearance and melting time were used as the indices ,the best preparation technology of the hollow suppositories was optimized. Results:The optimum preparation technology of the hollow suppositories was as follows:the proportion of drug and base was 1 ∶2,the filling temperature was 40℃,and the stripping time was 30 min. Conclusion:The optimum preparation technology of Hongteng decoction hollow suppositories is simple and feasible.

0.05).In SVZ,nNOS expression in ischemic model group was reduced on days 1-14,but increased on day 21;after Ligustrazine administration,nNOS expression was obviously decreased on days 3-14 in all Ligustrazine dose groups,but began to increase on day 21.In CC,nNOS expression in ischemic model group was reduced on days 3-14,and began to increase on day 21;in the different-dose Ligustrazine groups,nNOS expression was significantly decreased on days 3-14,especially in medium-and high-dose groups,but increased on day 21.In striatum and cortex peri-infarction,nNOS expression in ischemic model group was obviously decreased on days 3 and 7,but enhanced on days 14 and 21;in various-dose Ligustrazine groups,nNOS expression was decreased on days 3-21,especially in medium-and high-dose groups,but increased slightly on day 21.In DG and CA1 areas,nNOS expression in ischemic model group was reduced on days 3 and 7,but began to increase on day 14;nNOS expression in all Ligustrazine groups were decreased during 3-21d.There were significant differences between ischemic model group and different-dose Ligustrazine groups at different time points(P

Furthering of the health reform calls for better health care system,greater public financing,and deepened reform of public hospitals.Introduced in this paper are the actions taken and outcomes of the health reform in Changchun city,including the essential medicines system to minimize drug prices,improvement of the primary healthcare system to minimize people's financial burden,greater public spending to enhance public welfare nature of medical institutions,enhanced competencies of primary medical institutions to introduce rational classification of patient flow,and enhanced equity of public services to promote people's health.On such basis,further reform proposals were made for Changchun's health reform.