Evoked muscle action potentials(EMAP) of skeletal muscle by a small shpe-rical steel bullet hit with high velocity are recorded in 10 mongrel dogs.After wounding the EMAP are measured at the distances of 0.5,1.5,3,4,cm from the edge of the permanent wound cavity in longitudinal direction at 1,3,6,8 h respectively.Simultaneously,tissue samples are taken for electron microscopic observation.Debridement and gross examination are carried out 8 h after wounding.The results indicate: 1.the changes of EMAP in gunshot wounds cause by high velocity bullet coincide with the ultrastructural alterations;2.at 0.5cm from the wound tract the low and sustained amplitude and duration values of EMAP may -be taken as an objective evidence to distinguish devitalized from living tissues;3.the injury at inner and outer layer of concussion zone is reversible.

Endotoxin can markedly decrease the activity of erythrocyte acetylch-olinesterase (AchE)in rat both in vitro and vivo. Furthermore, the AchE activity can be further inhibited by the presence of self-plasma. The AchE activity of erythrocyte in dog can also be inhibited with endotoxin, while it has little effect on human erythrocyte AchE. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the patterns of membrane protein are different in different animals, so it is possible that the structure of membrane protein plays an important role in reaction among endotoxin-red cells.

Episodic tension-type headache is the most common headache in the general population and is usually self managed.Chronic tension-type headache may be highly disabling and often prompts medical consultation.Diagnosis is clinical,based on widely accepted and validated criteria and algorithm.Peripheral factors are implicated in episodic tension-type headache,whereas central factors probably underlie chronic tension-type headache.Simple analgesics,such as aspirin,are used for acute treatment.Amitriptyline and biofeedback assisted relaxation training have the best evidence of effectiveness for headache prevention.

Keratoconus is a progressive, non - inflammatory corneal thinning disorder that produces a unique spectrum of change in the surface curvature of the cornea. The suspected factors associated with the cause of keratoconus include genetic mechanisms, familial associations, allergy, atopy and so on, but environmental factors, such as abnormal rubbing, contact lens wearing and ultraviolet radiation may be easily ignored. Although it is commonly thought that keratoconus is a result of various pathological progress mediated by multiple factors, those chronic trauma could play important roles in the pathological progress. The classic definition of keratoconus is still referred as a non - inflammation disorder with malnutrition of keratectasia, more and more clinical evidences and experimental results that may refute this concept. It may be due to the long-term persistent chronic trauma resulted from eye rubbing, contact lens or ultraviolet radiation. Under this conditions, the increased release of inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases may accelerate keratocyte apoposis and enzyme metabolism disorders, with the result of matrix cell lost, tensile strength decreased and keratectasia. Here, for some papers known about the relationship between chronic cornea trauma and keratoconus were reviewed and discussed its possible causal relationship.

Objective To investigate the functional states of stroke patients using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for stroke. Methods Fifty in-patients with stroke participated in this study. Twenty-five patients less than one month after a stroke were assigned to the acute group, and another 25 patients with more than one month since their stroke were assigned to the sub-acute and chronic group. All the patients were assessed using the Glasgow coma scale, Rankin grading and the Barthel index. The ICF core set for stroke assessment was also used with both groups. The data was analyzed by using a Chi squared frequency test. Results Rankin grades and Barthel indices were significantly different between the two groups, and the functional states in the acute group were better than those in the sub-acute and chronic group. Some of the items, such as consciousness state, functions of structures adjoining the eyes, hearing, substitutive sound, accessory respiration, temperature regulation and protection function of the skin had no significant difference between the groups. The number of patients suffering from disorders of joint motion, joint stability, muscle endurance and control of voluntary movement was significantly greater in the sub-acute and chronic group than in the acute group. Both groups were influenced to different degrees by most of the environmental factors. Conclusion The ICF core sets correctly indicated joint motion, joint stability, muscle endurance and control of voluntary movement difficulties of stroke patients.

Objective To observe the morphological changes of mice cortex neuron cultured in vitro under different temperature, and the expression of skeleton protein (?-tubulin) in the neuron, and to study the relationship between ?-tubulin and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Methods The cerebral cortex neuron of embryonic mice was cultured in vitro. The cultured neuron was put in different temperature 7 days later. To observe the morphological changes of the neuron using optical microscope and the changes of the expression of ?-tubulin and HSP70 under different temperature using laser scanning confocal images. Results Optical microscopy indicated that drifting cells increased, and neural network became sparse in 38℃; some cells necrosed in 39℃; most cells necrosed, cell broke to pieces, axons drifted or disappeared in 42℃. Results of laser scanning confocal images indicated that after hyperthermia the fluorescence intensity of ?-tubulin was lower than that of controls, and the fluorescence intensity declined as the temperature elevated. The fluorescence intensity of HSP70 showed a bell-shape distribution curve, i.e. the highest value emerged at 39℃, whereas the lower values appeared at 37℃ and 42℃. Conclusion Heat stress leaded to the morphological changes of neuron. The disordered of skeleton protein may be responsible for the changes and HSP70 may take part in the process.

Objective To compare the curative effects and safety of immunoabsorption(IA) and double filtration plasmapheresis(DFPP) in treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS).Methods 60 patients of GBS were randomly divided into two groups and treated with IA and DFPP,respectively.The neurological functions were assessed and the immunoglobulin,complement and total protein in the blood were also measured before and after treatments.Results The rating of the neurological function deficiency in both groups improved with time,but there was no significant difference in Hughes rating between two groups.After half year,the MRC rating in IA group was better than that in DFPP group((P

Atrial fibrillation is one of the commonest cardiac arrhythmia in the elderly, the incidence increased with increasing ages. Atrial fibrillation can induce severe cardiac insufficiency and thromboembolism, stroke is also a very important complication with high morbidity and mortality. Thus it is very necessary to pay special attention to the study of atrial fibrillation in the field of geriatric cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of the new type of Tongxinluo (TXL) on blood-brain barrier impairment after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods 78 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=6), operated group (n=36) and TXL-treated group (n=36), the latter two groups were divided into 0.5 h, 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h groups (n=6, each) according to the time after cerebral ischemic/reperfusion for 2 h. The rats were pretreated with normal saline or TXL for 7 d. The middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model was established by the Longa occlusion method;The serum S100? protein concentrations of different point time were determined by ELISA method and infarct volumes were determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium Chloride (TTC) staining method. Results (1) The serum S100? protein level in TXL-treated groups were significantly decreased compared with operated groups at 0.5 h, 2 h, 6 h,12 h and 24 h after MCAO/R (P

Objective To explore the efficient method in detection of DMD/BMD patients.Methods 18 deletion-prone exon fragments of DMD gene were amplified via molecular cloning. They were used as probes and were spotted on the slides treated with APES and poly-lysine together by manual operation to make microarray. In addition, fragments of ?-actin were used as positive contrast and those of pUC 19/EcoR I were used as negative. 30 DMD/BMD patients were detected for deletion in DMD gene with the microarray and 5 healthy people were done as normal control. Parts of the results were compared with PCR method.Results Different exon fragment deletion of DMD/BMD gene was detected in 21 patients by DNA microarray, and 10 of them were confirmed by PCR analysis.Conclusion DNA microarray assay is a convenient ,accurate and sensitive method in diagnosis of DMD/BMD patient.