Objective: To analyle prevalence and trend of substance abuse behaviors among adolescents in Guangdong province and to provide theoretical evidence for effective interventions. Methods: Data regarding smoking, drinking, drugs abuse from Adolescents Health Risk Behavior Survey in 2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016 were collected and comparatively analyzed. Results: The incidences of tried smoking(27.37%), current smoking(8.32%), passive smoking(45.52%), current drinking(27.97%) and drug using(0.75%) in 2016 were lower than that in 2007(32.40%, 10.81%, 52.69%, 31.97%, 1.35%), and the average annual decrease rate were 1.89%, 2.95%, 1.64%, 1.50%, 6.75%, respectively(χ2=152.73, 92.50, 313.92, 46.48, 46.64, P<0.01). During the past decate, the incidences of current smoking in rural adolescents(12.02%, 10.64%, 9.99%, 10.10%) were significantly higher than that in urban adolescents(8.88%, 8.52%, 8.17%, 6.56%)(χ2=54.46, 26.62, 25.23, 100.43, P<0.01); the incidences of current drinking in urban adolescents(33.57%, 30.37%, 35.76%, 30.46%) were significantly higher than that in rural adolescents(30.97%, 28.48%, 28.47%, 25.32%)(χ2=16.71, 10.13, 153.47, 81.76, P<0.01); the incidence of current drinking was the highest among college students in each monitoring year(47.71%, 41.76%, 42.36%, 37.77%)(χ2=583.37, 681.25, 610.04, 729.02, P<0.01); the incidence of current smoking was the highest among vocational school students in each monitoring year(16.36%, 17.00%, 14.90%, 16.71%)(χ2=256.45, 515.61, 339.63, 742.52, P<0.01); In addition to the incidence of drug abuse was the highest among college students in 2010(2.02%), vocational school students were the highest in other years(χ2=66.92, 34.38, 23.08, 20.55, P<0.01). Conclusion Smoking and drug abuse among adolescents in Guangdong showed a declining trend by years, as well as the prevalence of drinking behavior. Strengthened intervention should be targeted on smoking behavior among rural students, drinking behavior among urban students, and smoking behavior and drug abuse among vocational school students.