OBJECTIVETo analyze the risk factors of nonspecific low back pain in community populations.

METHODSTwo community populations were investigated using questionnaires in this case-control study. The questionnaire was designed to collect data including age, gender, body weight, marriage, education, income, occupation, labor intensity, smoking, alcohol drinking and social mental status. The subjects with low back pain constituted the case group and those without low back pain served as the control group, and the data was analyzed by a Logistic regression model.

RESULTSA total of 1747 community residents participated in this survey, among whom 398 subjects had low back pain and 1126 subjects without low back pain were selected as the control group. Of all the latent risk factors of low back pain in Logistic regression model, gender was the most relevant factor (OR=3.5522) followed by education (OR=1.958), labor intensity (OR=1.956), marital status (OR=1.612), vibration source exposure (OR=1.491), BMI (OR=1.127) and age (OR=1.060).

CONCLUSIONGender, education, labor intensity, marriage, vibration source exposure and BMI are risk factors of nonspecific low back pain in community populations, and exercises and mental status can be protective factors against low back pain.

Objective: To investigate association between adolescent depressive symptoms with circadian rhythm and emotion regulation strategies, and to provide the basis for mental health education for depression. Methods: CES-D, Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5) and Emotion Regulation scale (ERS) were administered to 2 398 students from 6 middle schools in Chengdu, Langzhong and Leshan of Sichuan Province. SPSS 21.0 was used to data processing and anlysis. Results: About 37.9% (909/2 398) of adolescents reported depressive symptoms. Prevalence of depressive symptom was higher in female students( χ 2= 25.15 , P <0.01), rural adolescents( χ 2=15.45, P <0.01), adolescents aged 15-18 compared to aged 12-14( χ 2=187.24, P < 0.01 ). There was significant difference in rate of depressive symptoms among adolescents with different circadian rhythms( χ 2= 55.19 , P < 0.01 ), with definite evening rhythm preference was the highest(57.1%). Prevalence of depressive symptoms significantly varied by sleep duration( χ 2=141.99, P <0.01), and were highest in adolescents with sleep duration <6 h(69.4%). The scores of suppression dimension in depressed adolescents were significantly higher than that of non depressive group, while the scores of reappraisal dimension were significantly higher in non depressive group than that of depressive group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender( OR =1.60), age( OR=2.29), suppression( OR = 1.13 ), sleep duration <6 h( OR =5.17), sleep duration 6-8 h ( OR =2.88) were positively associated with depressive symptoms in adolescents. Moderate type( OR =0.53), morning type ( OR =0.55) and cognitive reappraisal ( OR =0.90) were associated with lower rate of depressive symptoms( P <0.05). Conclusion Sleep rhythm delay, lack of sleep and emotion suppression in adolescents are associated with higher risk for depression. Regular sleep habits and reasonable emotion regulation might help to prevent adolescent depression.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of nonspecific low back pain in community populations. Methods Two community populations were investigated using questionnaires in this case-control study. The questionnaire was designed to collect data including age, gender, body weight, marriage, education, income, occupation, labor intensity, smoking, alcohol drinking and social mental status. The subjects with low back pain constituted the case group and those without low back pain served as the control group, and the data was analyzed by a Logistic regression model. Results A total of 1747 community residents participated in this survey, among whom 398 subjects had low back pain and 1126 subjects without low back pain were selected as the control group. Of all the latent risk factors of low back pain in Logistic regression model, gender was the most relevant factor (OR=3.5522) followed by education (OR=1.958), labor intensity (OR=1.956), marital status (OR=1.612), vibration source exposure (OR=1.491), BMI (OR=1.127) and age (OR=1.060). Conclusion Gender, education, labor intensity, marriage, vibration source exposure and BMI are risk factors of nonspecific low back pain in community populations, and exercises and mental status can be protective factors against low back pain.

Objective: To construct an index system for evaluating the effectiveness of dynamic pricing adjustment of medical services, for the purpose of providing a set of evaluation tools for price regulatory authorities to evaluate the effectiveness of pricing adjustment of medical services, to keep track of pricing trends, to implement dynamic monitoring and to guide decision-making. Methods: Oriented to public hospitals in Guangdong province, literature analysis and Delphi method were used to construct the index system for evaluating the effectiveness of dynamic adjustment of medical service price. Descriptive analysis, consistency test and index importance evaluation were applied to statistical analysis. Results: Thirty-two experts evaluated the importance of 41 alternative indicators. The index system for evaluating the effectiveness of dynamic adjustment of medical service price was finally constructed, including six structural indicators, six process indicators and six result indicators. Conclusions Experts are representative, authoritative and well-coordinated. The consultation results are reliable. The evaluation index system has high reliability and validity, and can be used to objectively evaluate the dynamic adjustment effect of medical service price.

Objective To analyze the risk factors of nonspecific low back pain in community populations. Methods Two community populations were investigated using questionnaires in this case-control study. The questionnaire was designed to collect data including age, gender, body weight, marriage, education, income, occupation, labor intensity, smoking, alcohol drinking and social mental status. The subjects with low back pain constituted the case group and those without low back pain served as the control group, and the data was analyzed by a Logistic regression model. Results A total of 1747 community residents participated in this survey, among whom 398 subjects had low back pain and 1126 subjects without low back pain were selected as the control group. Of all the latent risk factors of low back pain in Logistic regression model, gender was the most relevant factor (OR=3.5522) followed by education (OR=1.958), labor intensity (OR=1.956), marital status (OR=1.612), vibration source exposure (OR=1.491), BMI (OR=1.127) and age (OR=1.060). Conclusion Gender, education, labor intensity, marriage, vibration source exposure and BMI are risk factors of nonspecific low back pain in community populations, and exercises and mental status can be protective factors against low back pain.

Objective To systematically analyze the research hotspots and development trends of drug resistance mechanisms in renal cell carcinoma(RCC),and to provide a reference for research in this field.Methods The literature related to drug resistance in treatment of RCC was obtained from Web of Science core collection.CiteSpace software was used for keyword clustering and trend analysis,and VOSviewer software was used for keyword co-occurrence network analysis.Results In total,1 392 literature were incorporated,including 736 regarding targeted therapy,158 in immunotherapy,and 369 in chemotherapy.The overall research trend in this field was on the rise,in which the research on targeted therapy resistance occupies a dominant position,and immunotherapy resistance was a new research direction.Key words in this field were focused on molecular mechanisms of drug resistance,potential signaling pathways,combination therapy,indicators,and novel therapy.The evolution of keywords and theme words suggests that the research tendency of RCC targeted therapy resistance in recent years focuses on the exploration of new mechanisms of drug resistance and the application of multi-target drugs.The research trend of immunotherapy resistance highlights combination therapy,tumor microenvironment,and metastasis correlation.The research trend of chemotherapy resistance focused on pharmacokinetic-related factors,multidrug resistance genes.Conclusion To provide references for researchers to accurately grasp the research status and development trend of drug resistance in RCC.

Objective To explore the prevalence and epidemic characteristics of overweight, obesity, and central obesity in Shanghai Pudong New Area. Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling method was conducted in Pudong New Area in 2013. Residents over 15 years old were randomly selected from 13 communities and participated in the cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the information and physical examination, biochemical assays were also conducted. SPSS 20. 0 was used to analyze the results. Results The averagebodymassindexofparticipantswas(25.04±3.79)kg/m2andtheaveragewaistcircumferencewas(82.44± 9. 51) cm. The prevalences of overweight, obesity, and central obesity were 41. 67%, 17. 70%, and 31. 32%respectively. Standardized prevalences of overweight, obesity, and central obesity were 34. 39%, 16. 96%, and 25. 66% respectively, according to 2010 national age composition of population. Statistically significant sex differences were found among the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central obesity groups(all P<0. 05). The prevalence of central obesity in female was raised by increasing age. Residents with hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and metabolic disorders had higher prevalences in overweight, obesity, and central obesity ( all P<0. 05). Conclusion The prevalences of overweight, obesity, and central obesity among the residents in Shanghai Pudong New Area were relatively high. Relevant risk factors should be explored to promote health education that may enhance people′s awareness of weight management.

Objective:To develop an evaluation index system for dynamic adjustment effect of medical service prices in public hospitals, as a set of quantitative evaluation tools for management departments to keep track of the trend in time, implement dynamic monitoring and guide decision-making.Methods:Based on the evaluation system of price adjustment effect, through the importance assessment of expert consultation and multiple index percentile method, the scoring criteria were formulated and the empirical analysis was carried out.Results:The total scores of hospital A and hospital B were 71.31 and 77.94 respectively, classified as " average" . The evaluation could basically reflect the effect of dynamic adjustment of medical service price in public hospitals.Conclusions:The evaluation has the functions of displaying differences, witnessing achievements and tracing causes. It can be used to evaluate the effect of dynamic adjustment of regional prices, to assist the regulators to keep track of trends, monitor dynamically and guide decision-making in time, and be used by hospitals in self-evaluation to find problems, improve their own operation and promote the healthy development of hospitals.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different concentrations of green tea on salivary flow rate and pH value. Methods: 20 healthy college students aged from 18 to 25 were included in this study, at State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University. Salivary flow rate and pH value were measured between 21: 00 and 22: 00 after drinking water, low, medium, and high concentration of green tea. Results: Female salivary flow rates in low and medium concentration group were significant higher than that in high concentration group and water group (F=5.20, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in male salivary flow rates among 4 groups (F=1.810, P=0.143). Salivary pH value in 3 green tea groups were lower than that in water group (F=3.50, P=0.02), with no significant difference among them. Conclusion Low and medium concentration green tea prevent decrease of salivary flow rate in healthy women but not in males. Salivary pH lowers after drinking different concentrations of green tea.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and the therapeutic effects of signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of rectum and sigmoid colon.Methods:Clinical data and the follow-up information of 29 SRCC patients treated in our tertiary care center from 2008 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathological features, diagnostic and therapeutic effects, and the prognostic outcomes were analyzed.Results:Among the 29 patients, 17 were male, 12 were female. The average age was (48.7±14.3) years. Colonoscopy revealed the features of diffuse circumferential thickening of the bowel wall in 20/29 cases (69.0%), while in 9/29 cases (31.0%), endoscopic biopsies showed false negative results. Twenty-five% (4/16) and 17.6% (3/17) lesions were misdiagnosed as the inflammatory changes by endoscopic rectal ultrasonography exam and rectal MRI scan, respectively. Thirteen of the 29 patients received the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT), 27 patients underwent the radical resection surgeries, and 8 underwent the postoperative radiotherapy. With a median follow-up of 38.5 (3.5-87.0) months, the cumulative 3-years overall survival (OS) rate was 54.0%, and the cumulative 3-years disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 43.0%. The OS rates of patients treated with or without NCRT (non-NCRT) were 46.2% and 69.2%, respectively, without significant difference ( P>0.05). The DFS rates of patients treated with or without NCRT were 45.8% and 39.2%, respectively, without significant difference ( P>0.05). Parameters including age younger than 40 years and tumor size larger than 5 cm were independent potential risk factors for shortened OS ( P<0.05). Conclusions:SRCC of the rectum and sigmoid colon is a rare malignant tumor with special clinical manifestations. It is younger-onset, highly malignant and with very poor prognosis. Therefore, in-depth researches with focus upon the progress of molecular oncology are urgently needed to substantially improve the therapeutic effect of this disease.