Objective To establish and verify an imaged capillary isoelectric focusing(iCIEF)method for analyzing the charge heterogeneity of recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV)capsid proteins,in order to provide a reliable detection method for characterization research,quality control and process stability monitoring of rAAV products. Methods After denaturation,the sample was analyzed by iCIEF using UV fluorescence detection imaging mode,with injection time of 55 s,voltage of 1 500 V,focusing for 1 min,and then voltage adjusted to 3 000 V for another 10 min. The excitation wavelength was set at 280 nm,and the exposure time of emission fluorescence detection was 80 s. Taking rAAV 5 empty particles(rAAV-E)as the research object,the specificity,precision,linear range,accuracy and limit of quantitation(LOQ)of the method were verified. The established method was used to detect the charge heterogeneity of rAAV 5 full particles(rAAV-F).Results The rAAV-E sample showed two main peaks(Peak1 and Peak2)between pH 6. 9 and pH 7. 1,and no virus capsid protein peak was detected in the blank control. In the six repeated detections,the average pI values of the two main peaks Peak1 and Peak2 of rAAV-E sample were 6. 91 and 7. 04 respectively with both RSDs of 0. 14%,and the average proportions of peak area were 35. 6% and 55. 8%,with RSDs of 1. 1% and 0. 4%,respectively. The RSDs of peak area proportions of peak 1 and peak 2 of rAAV-E sample at three time points was 3. 45% and 3. 38%,and the RSDs of pI were 0. 10%and 0. 11%,respectively. In the range of(4. 08-6. 12)× 1012vp/mL,the rAAV-E concentration showed a good linear relationship with the average peak area of the main peaks,and the linear regression equation was y = 54 888 x-76 556,R~2 = 0. 977. The recovery rates of the the main peak content in rAAV-E samples at 80%,100% and 120% expected concentrations were all in the range of 80%-120%. The LOQ was 1. 02 × 10~(12)vp/mL for Peak 1,and 0. 76 × 10~(12)vp/mL for Peak 2. In addition to Peak 1 and Peak 2,obvious extra peaks were observed in the acidic region(pI < 5. 85)of rAAV-F sample,which was the main characteristic of rAAV-F compared with rAAV-E,and also indicated that rAAV-F had complex charge heterogeneity distribution. Conclusion The established iCIEF method has good specificity,precision and accuracy,and can be used to analyze the charge heterogeneity of rAAV capsid proteins.

Alzheimer's disease( AD) , a neurodegenerative disease, can result in memory loss, cognitive and behavioral deficits. The pathological hallmarkes are β amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles which lead loss of neurons in brain. As the extension of the central nervous system, retina has a similar tissue anatomy with central nervous system. The β amyloid plaques have also been detected in retina of AD. Furthermore, according to eye examinations of AD patients, we have found the loss of retinal ganglion cells, the attenuation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, the smaller changes of macula lutea, the decline of vascular density and so on. And then, there occurs the visual field loss and the decline of contrast sensitivity and so on in AD patients. Thus, the retina has occurred nerve degenerative changes in AD. Meanwhile, there has been proved that the retina nerve degeneration is even earlier than senile plaques formation in brain. In addition, curcumin, a natural and safe fluorescent dye, can be used to label β amyloid plaques in retina. The above suggests that retina can be a window for the early diagnosis of AD.

Most of the clinical teachers in medical colleges have not received training in the teaching profession.This article explores the post-job education system of the clinical teachers in our hospital,aiming at improving the quality of medical education.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare nifuratel vaginal effervescent tablets(NVET)and establish a method for its quality control.METHODS:The NVET was prepared using acid or alkali effervescent by principal ingredient-separated granulation.The content of the principal ingredient was determined by UV spectrophotometry.RESULTS:The preparation was white or off-white colored tablet and its property was up to the standard stated in Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005 Edition)in identification and test.The linear concentration range of nifuratel was 100～400 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 6)with an average recovery rate of 101.1%(RSD=0.62%,n=6).CONCLUSION:The preparation process for NVET is simple,and its quality is stable and controllable.

Child ; Humans ; Neurology ; Pediatrics

Costs and Cost Analysis ; Dentists ; Family Practice ; Humans ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Private Practice ; economics ; standards ; Social Values

Objective To observe the influence of atorvastatin on the arteria carotis atheromatous plaque and blood lipid in old people. Methods 57 hospitalized patients who had cerebral infarction or transient ischemic attack(TIA) were examined for atheromatous plaque by the color Doppler. They were administered atorvastatin 20 mg/d for three months. The changes of diameter of arteria carotis, rate of flow and size of plaque were measured be-fore and after treatment. Results The diameter of arteria carotis was expanded [left ( 0.99 ± 0. 11 ) era, right (0.98 ± 0.08 ) cm vs left (0.94 ± 0.09 ) cm, right ( 0.95 ± 0.07 ) cm, P < 0.05], the hemorrheology was improved, the size of plaque was diminished[left(0.57±0.20)cm2, right (0.54± 0.18 )cm2 vs left (0.86±0. 17 ) cm2 and right (0.82 ±0. 16 )cm2, P < 0. 05], TC, TG, LDL-C were lowered and HDL-C was elevated with statistical signifi-cance ( P < 0. 05). Conclusions The atorvastatin has positive therapeutical effect in diminishing the size of plaque, adjusting blood lipid and improving hemorrheology.

Objective To observe effects of rhubarb extract on Ca dissolved quantity in demineralized enmnel. Methods Demineralization was performed after treating tooth facing with rhubarb extract of different concentrations and deionized water. The concentration of Ca was detected by ASCA biochemical analyzer after demineralization. Results Dissolved quantity of demineralized Ca in the rhubarb extract group (2 mg/ml, 4mg/ml) was significantly lower than that of the deionized water group (P<0.01) and the rhubarb extract group (1 mg/ml) (P<0.05), but higher than that of 2% sodium fluoride group (P>0.05). Dissolved quantity of demineralized Ca in the rhubarb extract (1 mg/ml) group was significantly higher thanthat of 2% sodium fluoride group (P<0.01), but lower than that of the deionized water group(P>0.05).Conclusion The rhubarb exwact (2mg/ml, 4mg/ml) can inhibit Ca dissolution in demineralized enamel.The inidal effective concentration of rhubarb extract is 2 mg/ml.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; blood ; complications ; diagnosis ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child ; Cough ; complications ; Fatal Outcome ; Fever ; complications ; HIV-1 ; immunology ; Humans ; Male

Objective To study the value of iron metabolism indicatorsin thalassemia .Methods 218 cases of thalassemia ,57 ca‐ses of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) children and 70 healthy children(control group) were enrolled in the study ,and serum iron (SI) ,total iron binding capacity(TIBC) ,transferrin(Tf) ,serum ferritin (SF) were detected for them .Results β‐thalassemia double heterozygous(β0 ) or homozygous group :SI levels were significantly higher than the other groups(P<0 .05) ,while TIBC ,Tf levels were significantly lower than the other groups(P<0 .05);α‐thalassemia group (static α‐thalassemia ,standard α‐thalassemia):SI , TIBC levels compared with control group showed no significant difference(P>0 .05) ,but Tf level was higher than control group(P<0 .05);hemoglobin H disease group:when TIBC ,Tf levels compared with the control group ,the difference was statistically signif‐icant(P<0 .05) ,when SI compared with the control group ,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Compared with Tf ,SI and TIBC are better indicators for monitoring iron loading in children with thalassemia .The increased SI level and decreased TIBC level are two indicators for the diagnosis of β0 thalassemia in children with cellule anaemia .