With the developmetn of the medical humanistic education,more and more problems appear.The casualness of the medical humanistic curriculum,the monotony of the method of the evaluation,the insufficiency of the content,the inadequacy of the quality of the teachers,and the poor effect of the education are the factors affecting the development of our medical humanistic education.Through comparison of the humanistic education home and abroad,we find the key to these problems are the innovation of the curriculum and evaluation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) on cell apoptosis,proliferation, and insulin secretion in a β-cell line, NIT-1. MethodsNIT-1 cells were stimulated with 1 μg/ml LPS for 0-120 h. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by Hochest33342 staining and Annexin V/PI flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 and BrdU assay. Intracellular insulin content, basal insulin secretion, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion(GSIS) were detected by RIA. The IRS-2 tyrosine phosphorylation was determined by Western blot. ResultsCell apoptosis was not significantly changed by treatment with LPS for 120 h. Cell proliferation was stimulated by LPS before 48 h, and inhibited after 96 h. Intracellular insulin content or GSIS was not altered, but basal insulin secretion was decreased significantly by LPS after 48 h ( all P＜0.01 ). LPS decreased the tyrosine phosphorylation level of IRS-2 ( 0. 45 ± 0. 08 vs 0. 22 ± 0. 06, P ＜ 0. 05 ) and stimulated IκBα phosphorylation. Pretreatment with a specific IκBα phosphorylation inhibitor, Bay1 1-7082 for 1 h, remarkably blunted the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκBα and cell proliferation( both P＜0.01 ). ConclusionsLow-dosages of LPS regulate proliferation and basal insulin secretion of NIT-1 β-cells, in which activation of NF-κB and inhibition of IRS2 tyrosine-phosphorylation may be involved.

Objective To study the effect of diet containing different proportions of porphyra powder on relieving constipation, volatile organic compounds and inhibiting intestinal E. coli. Method Mice were divided into 3 groups: blank group, 2 test groups. After the mice were allotted for different concentrations of porphyra powder diet for 30 d, the body weight of mice, water-holding capacity, the number and weight of feces within 24 h, the feces pH, E. coli counts and the first black defecating time were detected. The odorous compounds in feces were also measured by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS. Results Compared with the blank group, the water absorbed and number and weight of feces were significantly increased(P

Objective To discuss the risk factors of progressive hemorrhagic injury(PHI)in patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods Clinical data of 149 patients with closed craniocerebral injury were retrospectively analyzed,and the patients were divided into PHI group (42 cases)and non -PHI group (107 cases)according to PHI appeared or not.The patients were immediately given CT scan after admitted,the first CT review was given in the non -PHI group within routine 4 -8h after first CT scan,and due to deterioration of clinical symptoms,the PHI group was given CT review in advance.The intracranial hematoma volume changes between first CT and first CT review in the two groups were observed,then clinical symptoms,signs,biochemical indicators and CT performance in the two groups were compared,and analyzed risk factors of PHI.Results The intracranial hematoma volume showed in CT scan,first CT review and increment volume of the PHI group were significantly higher than the non -PHI group [(14.59 ±4.60)mL vs.(7.28 ±2.94)mL,(25.92 ±8.84)mL vs.(8.35 ±3.41)mL,(10.20 ±3.45)mL vs. (2.10 ±0.65)mL],the differences were significant (t =6.796,11.894,9.367,all P <0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that pupil dilation,consciousness disturbance,intracranial hematoma volume >10mL were major risk factors of PHI (P <0.05).Conclusion In closed craniocerebral injury,we should pay more attention on PHI if patients with age >50 years old,mydriasis,conscious disturbance,intracranial hematoma volume >10mL in first CT scan.

Objective To explore the effect of NPY on activation of primary microglia and the production of in?terleukin-1β. Methods Rat primary cortical microglia was cultured and divided into control group, LPS group, NPY+LPS group, NPY group and BIBP3226+NPY+LPS group. Microglia in control group were incubated with serum-free me?dium for 6 h;microglia in LPS group were incubated with serum-free medium plus LPS for 6 h;microglia in NPY+LPS group were incubated with serum-free medium plus NPY and LPS for 6 h; microglia cells in NPY group were incubat?ed in serum-free medium plus NPY for 6 h; microglia cells in BIBP3226+NPY+LPS group were incubated in se?rum-free medium including BIBP3226 、NPY and LPS for 6 h. After 6 h , Primary cultured microglia were stained us?ing IBA-1 antibody and examined under the fluorescence microscope. The protein levels of IL-1βin the culture media and the mRNA expression levels of IL-1βin the microglia of different groups were detected using the methods of Elisa and RT-PCR. Results After 6 h, the contents of IL-1 βin the culture media and the mRNA expression levels of IL-1βin the cells of LPS group increased remarkably compared with control group (P<0.05) and the microglia were activat? ed. Compared with LPS group, the contents of IL-1 βin the culture media. the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and the activity of microglia in LPS+NPY group were significantly decreased .Compared with LPS+NPY group, the contents of IL-1βin the culture media. the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β and the activity of microglia in BIBP3226+NPY+LPS group were increased (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the contents of IL-1βin the culture media. the mRNA expression levels of IL-1βand the activity of microglia between BIBP3226+NPY+LPS group and LPS group or between NPY group and the control group. Conclusion NPY can inhibit the biological activity of microglia and IL-1βproduction through NPY Y1 receptorin the microglia.

More than 90% of Chinese returnees who returned permanently to Japan after the normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and China in 1972 are over 70 years old, and their care needs are increasing. In order to clarify the support needs of Chinese returnees whose caregiving problems are becoming more serious, this study organized and analyzed the literature on care for first-generation Chinese returnees and their caregiving problems and suggested solutions. We searched the Ichushi-Web (Japan Central Revuo Medicina Web, ver. 5), CiNii, and PubMed databases for journal articles focusing on home care for returnees from China published since the enactment of long-term care insurance in 2000. Five articles were selected for analysis. As a result, there were few papers on home care and the studies included not only first-generation Chinese returnees but also second-generation returnees. Data collection required Chinese translators and interpreters. Three types of problems were identified: problems arising from cultural differences, problems related to the care system, and problems related to support in the local community. Four suggestions are made for each of these three issues, and there is a need for future research.

OBJECTIVETo study the injection of NKG5SV gene to inhibit growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSNKG5SV gene was inserted into retroviral vector pLXSN by normal methods. LacZ gene was used as control. LCI-D20 tumor together with saline, pLXSN-LacZ DNA or pLXSN-NKG5SV was subcutaneously inoculated to the nude mice. Tumor formation rate and tumor size were noted 35 days after inoculation. LCI-D20 tumor was inoculated subcutaneously. Saline, pLXSN-LacZ DNA or pLXSN-NKG5SV was intratumorally injected respectively 10 days after inoculation. Tumor growth was observed 35 days after inoculation. Liver cancer was resected 22 days after intrahepatic inoculation. Saline, pLXSN-LacZ DNA or pLXSN-NKG5SV was respectively injected at incisal margin or intraspleen. Mice were killed 35 days after inoculation to observe tumor recurrence at incisal margin, intrahepatic metastasis and extrahepatic metastasis.

RESULTSTumor formation rate and tumor diameter(cm) were 1.76 +/- 0.11, 1.51 +/- 0.34, 0.33 +/- 0.04 in the control group, LacZ group, NKG5SV group respectively when tumor and different cDNA were inoculated together. Tumor diameter(cm) and weight(g) were 0.87 +/- 0.08, 0.83 +/- 0.05, 0.26 +/- 0.04; 0.43 +/- 0.06, 0.38 +/- 0.04, 0.08 +/- 0.06 in the control group, LacZ group, NKG5SV group respectively when different cDNA were injected into the LCI-D20 tumor. Sites with extrahepatic metastasis nidi, incisal margin recurrence tumor size(cm), intrahepatic metastasis nidi, metastasis involved hepatic lobes in the control group, LacZ group, NKG5SV group were 4.25 +/- 1.48, 4.25 +/- 1.04, 0.63 +/- 0.51; 1.51 +/- 0.27, 1.35 +/- 0.17, 0.81 +/- 0.17; 2.50 +/- 1.41, 2.38 +/- 1.06, 1.25 +/- 0.71; 2.13 +/- 0.99, 2.00 +/- 0.75, 1.38 +/- 0.74 respectively when NK cells were injected at incise margin. They were 4.38 +/- 1.85, 4.25 +/- 1.48, 1.00 +/- 0.75; 1.13 +/- 0.23, 0.97 +/- 0.29, 0.76 +/- 0.16; 2.50 +/- 1.41, 2.05 +/- 1.12, 0; 2.13 +/- 0.83, 1.75 +/- 0.88, 0 respectively when NK cell were injected intrasplenicly.

CONCLUSIONSNKG5SV gene can inhibit HCC growth and postoperative metastasis and recurrence.

Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Genetic Vectors ; administration & dosage ; genetics ; Humans ; Injections ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; prevention & control ; Receptors, Immunologic ; genetics ; physiology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

In this paper, we propose the construction of a fifth-order Windkessel model, and give complete mathematical solutions for this model. Utilizing the diastolic pulse wave analytical methods, we derived the parameters of the mathematical model. The parameters were further applied to estimate arterial compliance, blood flow inertia, peripheral resistance and other indices. With simulation tools we assess the validity of the model, and built a simulation circuit with the model parameters R, C and L. The model parameters were obtained from the high-order Windkessel model. The stroke volume of left ventricle is employed as the input of the simulation circuit. At the end of the circuit, the responding signal was gained. And it in turn was compared with the measured pulse waveform. The results show that the fifth-order Windkessel model is superior to the third-order Windkessel model in the pulse wave fitting and stability, and thus better reflects the role of microvessles in the circulatory system.
Algorithms ; Blood Vessels ; physiology ; Compliance ; Computer Simulation ; Humans ; Microcirculation ; physiology ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Stroke Volume ; physiology

The most two advanced development in cancer immunotherapy: (1) Infusion with in vitro activated or gene-modified T cells; (2) Activation of suppressive immune cells by antibodies to exert cytotoxicity. The first one about gene-modified T cells is mainly referred to chimeric antigen receptor-T cells (CAR-T) that have shown the significant efficacy in some haematological malignancies. The latter one about immune checkpoint blockades takes effects on tumors with burden of gene mutations. For cancer patients, however, tumor microenvironment is suppressed highly more than the systemic immune. Normalizing or enhancing the local microenvironment by systemic activation of immune response may cause the overreaction in other normal tissues, even severe damage, for example interstitial lung diseases, acute myocarditis, and severe liver failure. This review summarizes the characterization and classification of tumor immune microenvironment, development of cancer treatment and immunotherapy, and elucidates the importance of targeting tumor immune microenvironment. The key strategy is pointed out to efficiently and precision target tumor immune microenvironment by using self-secreting antibody CAR-T cells (baize T cells), quickly enhancing the immune function in tumor microenvironment, which may eventually cure cancer.