Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; physiopathology ; Child ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; physiopathology

The cloning and expression of a?-galactosidase gene(TM_0310)from Thermotoga maritima MSB8 was studied.The gene consists of 2019 bp,and the translated protein encodes 672 amino acids and its molecular mass is approximately 78.972 kD.The homology analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences showed that the enzyme shared 95%identity with a putative?-galactosidase from Thermotoga petrophila RKU-1 and a?-galactosidase from Thermotoga sp.RQ2.The galactosidase activity was up to 2.08 U/mg after the recombinant E.coli BL21 was induced by IPTG.The crude lysate remained about 70%activity after treated at 80℃for 10 min,indicating that the recombinant enzyme is thermostable and may be used at high temperatures.

Spermiogenesis is a complex process of differentiation and morphologic alteration, in which sperm acrosome formation is an important stage. Acrosome is an essential component of the sperm head, which develops in four distinct phases: Golgi, cap, acro- somal, and maturation, each supported by precise and orderly regulation of various genes. The regulatory genes which act on Golgi ap- paratus include GOPC, Hrb, SPATA16, PICK1, and CK2α', those involved in the cap phase are Fads2, syntaxin 2, Kdm3a, and UBR7, and participating in acrosomal and maturation phases are KIFC1, Rnf19a, and DPY19L2. The abnormalities of these genes may affect male fertility by influencing the connection of the nuclear dense lamina and acroplaxome with the nuclear membrane and then the fusion and transportation of vesicles. This review focuses on the genes involved in different phases of acrosome formation.
Acrosome ; physiology ; Animals ; Golgi Apparatus ; Male ; Mice ; Sperm Head ; physiology ; Spermatids ; growth & development ; Spermatogenesis ; genetics ; Spermatozoa ; growth & development

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of sevoflurane postconditioning (Sevo-Postcon)on the hearts isolated from rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) of different duration against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)injury.MethodsSeventy-two pathogen-free male SD rats weighing 200-240 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =24 each):group Ⅰ rats without DM (C) ; group Ⅱ rats with 2 week DM (2w DM) and group Ⅲ rats with 6 week DM (6w DM).DM was produced by intraperitoneal (IP) 1％ streptozocin (STZ) 60 mg/kg and confirmed by fasting blood glucose concentration ＞ 16.7 mmol/L in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Hearts were isolated from rats and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) in a Langendorff apparatus.After a 15 min stabilization period,the isolated hearts were subjected to 30 min of global no-flow ischemia followed by 75 min of reperfusion.Twelve hearts in each group were perfused after ischemia with KHB saturated with 3％ Sevo for 15 min followed by perfusion with regular KHB for 60 min.LVEDP,LVDP, ± dp/dt and HR were measured and recorded after 15 min stabilization (T0,baseline) and at 15 and 75 min of reperfusion (T1,2 ).Myocardial specimens were obtained at 15 min of reperfusion (T1) for detection of p-Akt expression (by Western blot analysis).Infarct size was determined at 75 min of reperfusion (T2).ResultsSevo-Postcon significantly improved cardiac function,reduced infarct size and up-regulated p-Akt expression in groups Ⅰ (C) and Ⅱ (2w DM),while in group Ⅲ (6w DM) Sevo-Postcon did not cause any change in cardiac function,infarct size and p-Akt expression as compared with the isolated hearts without Sevo-Postcon.ConclusionThe cardioprotective effect of Sevo-Postcon can be attenuated with increasing duration of DM by impairing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of treating glioma in combination with drugs multiply by comparing the size of tumor and the survival time of different groups in rat glioma after targeted blood-brain barrier (BBB ) disruption by MRI-guided focused ultrasound.Methods The stereotaxis instruments and the 10 μl gas-tight syringes were used to inject gliosarcoma cells into the targeted area of the brain in 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats.The glioma-bearing rat model was established.Each rat received either:(1 )no treatment (control;n =8);(2)single liposomal doxorubicin (DOX;n = 10);(3)multiple DOX (n =10);(4)single Avastin (AVS)and DOX (n =10);(5)multiple AVS and DOX (n =10).The SonoVue microbubble ultrasonic contrast agent and DOX or AVS were injected into the tail vein respectively on day 12 after implantation.The tumor size was measured by MRI on pre-treatment,immediacy and once a week of post-treatment after targeted BBB disruption by focused ultrasound,and the life span in rat glioma was recorded.Results The mediam survival of different groups in rat glioma(The range of the life span 13-90 d):no treatment (7 d);single DOX (12 d);multiple DOX (1 5 d);single AVS + DOX (22 d), multiple AVS+ DOX (30 d).There was significant difference of the groups on mediam survival comparison (P < 0.01 ).The tumor growth pattern after post-treatment of different groups in rat glioma except control:single DOX was noticeable fast and multiple AVS+DOX was visibly delayed comparable to other groups,and finally the tumor size of multiple AVS + DOX even became small.Conclusions The microbubble blasting enhances the local tissue permeability and promotes the drug delivery of chemotherapy and anti-angiogenesis locally in glioma-bearing rats by MRI-guided focused ultrasound.Especially,the combination with drugs multiply has a synergism efficacy that may enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy,reduce tumor growth,and even become small of the tumor size,and increase survival time significantly after BBB disruption.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of treating glioma in combination of two kinds of drugs by comparing the size of tumors and the survival time of different groups in rat glioma after targeted blood‐brain barrier (BBB) disruption by focused ultrasound under MRI‐guide. Methods The stereotaxis instruments and the 10 μl gas‐tight syringes were used to inject gliosarcoma cells into the targeted area of the brain in 40 male Sprague‐Dawley rats. The glioma‐bearing rats models were established. Rats were divided into 4 groups to receive different treatment :(1) no treatment (control, n = 8), (2) IV Avastin (Avastin only, n =10), (3) IV liposomal doxorubicin (DOX only, n =10), (4) IV Avastin and liposomal doxorubicin (Avastin+DOX, n =10). The SonoVue microbubbles and DOX or Avastin were injected into the tail vein respectively on the 12th day after implantation. The tumor size was measured by MRI on immediacy, once a week after targeted BBB disruption by focused ultrasound, and the life span in rat glioma was recorded. Results The average survival time of different groups in rat glioma was as follows :no treatment(17 ± 4)d, Avastin(20 ± 4)d, DOX(25 ± 5)d, DOX+ Avastin(40 ± 5)d. The tumor size after post‐treatment of different groups in rat glioma was as follows :no treatment(5 7.0 ± 4 3.0)mm, Avastin(4 3.0 ± 2 5.0)mm, DOX(4 1.2 ± 3 1.0)mm, DOX + Avastin(2. 20 ± 1. 30)mm. There was significant increased in average survival time and decreased in tumor size after a combination treatment DOX+ Avastin compared with other groups( P < 0 0.1). Conclusions The microbubble blasting by MRI‐guided focused ultrasound enhances the local tissue permeability and promotes the drug delivery of chemotherapy and anti‐angiogenesis locally in glioma‐bearing rats. Especially, the combination of two kinds of drugs has a synergism efficacy that may reduce tumor growth and increase survival time significantly after BBB disruption.

italic>Cynanchum wallichii and Cynanchum otophyllum belong to the genus Cynanchum in the family Apocynaceae, and are important medicinal plants. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the chloroplast genomes of C. wallichii and C. otophyllum, and performed a phylogenetic analysis of the structural characteristics of their chloroplast genomes and their phylogenetic positions. The results showed that the chloroplast genomes of both C. wallichii and C. otophyllum had a typical tetrad structure, with 133 genes annotated, and the total GC contents of both were similar. Codon preference analysis showed that the relative synonymous codon usage in the chloroplast genomes of C. wallichii and C. otophyllum differed slightly, but the differences were not significant, and there was a strong A or U preference at the third codon position. In both chloroplast genomes, 91 and 103 simple sequence repeats were detected respectively, and the largest proportion of A/T type repeats. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis showed that the nucleotide diversity of the intergenic sequences in the chloroplast genome of genus Cynanchum were generally higher than those of the common gene sequences. A pair of primers was designed based on the high variation region of the chloroplast genome to identify C. wallichii and C. otophyllum. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the C. wallichii and Cynanchum thesioides were the closest relatives, while the C. otophyllum, Cynanchum bungei and Cynanchum wilfordii formed a stable monophyletic clade within the genus Cynanchum, and the three species were closely related. The comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomic characteristics and phylogeny of C. wallichii and C. otophyllum will provide a theoretical basis for the species identification of the two plants and for the study of genetic diversity and phylogeny of the genus Cynanchum.

OBJECTIVETo study the coordination of facial soft tissue in Angle's Class I, II1, III malocclusion, providing reference for the clinical practice.

METHODS60 lateral cephalometric radiographs of three classes of Angle's malocclusion were included. 13 measurements were analyzed by SPSS 10.0.

RESULTSProtrusion of the upper and lower lips increased in Angle's II1 comparing with Angle's I and protrusion of the upper lip was larger than the lower lip, no difference was found in the facial convexity. Increase of upper lip inclination and underdevelopment of maxillary in Angle's III comparing with Angle's I. No significant different was found in the form of lower lip, soft tissue facial angle and Z angle. Comparing Angle's II1 with Angle's III, every measurements were significantly different except upper lip inclination, nasolabial angle, representing the formation mechanism of malocclusion.

CONCLUSIONSome differences were found in form and position of lip in three classes of Angle's malocclusion. However, the deformity was not obvious in Angle's II1 and Angle's III because of compensation mechanism. Nasolabial angle only reflected change of upper lip, but could not reflect characters of facial profile.

Cephalometry ; Face ; Humans ; Lip ; Malocclusion ; pathology

The arrenotokous toxicity of triptolide was evaluated, and the rate of sperm abnormality, the changes of the lipid peroxide, the enzyme activity and the hormone in male rats were observed. With the negative and positive control group, the healthy rats were respectively given by gavage triptolide suspension at the dose of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 mg x kg(-1) for 30 days. Then the rats were killed for the measurement of the indicators in testis and serum, as well as the study on the sperm abnormality. The results showed that the positive control group had significant difference, compared with the negative control group. The content of SOD, LDH, G-6-PD, Na+ -K+ -ATPase, Ca+ -Mg+ -ATPase decreased significantly in 0.05 mg x kg(-1) group, and reduced more obviously with exposure to the dose of 0.1 mg x kg(-1). The levels of GSH-Px and beta-G showed a significant decrease in the testis of rats only at the dose of 0.1 mg x kg(-1). Nevertheless, the MDA levels, the FSH levels and the LH levels showed no significant difference. The deformity rate of sperm increased significantly in 0.05 mg x kg(-1) group and 0.1 mg x kg(-1) group. The results indicated the triptolide had the effect of the lipid peroxidation to damage Spermatogenic cells, Sertolis cells and Leydig cells. At the same time, the triptolide interfered not only with the energy supply process of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis,but also with the energy utilization in testis by affecting the activities of testis marker enzymes, and produced a damage chain of the male reproductive system
Animals ; Diterpenes ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; toxicity ; Epoxy Compounds ; toxicity ; Lipid Peroxidation ; drug effects ; Male ; Organ Size ; drug effects ; Phenanthrenes ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reproduction ; drug effects ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Testis ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; toxicity

UNLABELLEDTo establish a sensitive and accurate method to study the pharmacokinetics of (-)-clausenamide [(-)-clau] and its major metabolite 6-hydroxyl-clausenamide (6-OH-clau) in the plasma of the Beagle dog.

METHODS(-)-Clau was orally administered to six Beagle dogs at the dose of 30 mg x kg(-1), venous blood from front leg was sampled and plasma was separated for analysis. After extraction with ethyl acetate, the plasma samples were analyzed by HPLC/MS and the mobile phase was a mixture of methanol-water-acetic acid (60: 40: 0. 8) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The API-ES positive ion SIM detection was carried out for the detection of both (-)-clau ([M + H] (+), m/z 298 ) and 6-OH-clau ([M + H - H2 O](+), m/z 296) with glipzide (glip) ([M + H](+), m/z 446) as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3P97 software.

RESULTSThere was good linear relationship ( r > 0. 999) between the SIM responses and the concentrations for (-)-clau and 6-OH-clau at the range from 1.0 to 200 ng x mL(-1) and 0.2 to 40.0 ng x mL(-1), respectively. The absolute recovery was greater than 85%. The plasma concentration-time curves of (-)-clau and 6-OH-clau were both best fitted to a two-compartment model. The C(max) of (-)-clau and 6-OH-clau were (21 +/- 10) ng x mL(-1) and (3.9 +/- 2.2) ng x mL(-1), T(max) were (0.8 +/- 0.5) h and (1.3 +/- 0.5) h, T 1/2 alpha were (0.9 +/- 0.6) hand (1.4 +/- 0.6) h, T 1/2 beta were (19 +/- 23) hand (13 +/- 12) h, AUC(0-24 h) were (69 +/- 14) h x ng x mL(-1) and (12 +/- 7) h x ng x mL(-1) respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe established HPLC/MS method was sensitive and specific for the determination of (-)-clau. It was shown that the absorption and first phase elimination of (-)-clau were very quick in Beagle dogs, but the terminal elimination was very slow. The plasma concentration profile of its major metabolite 6-OH-clau was similar to (-)-clau and the AUC was relatively small in comparison with (-)-clau.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Area Under Curve ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dogs ; Female ; Lactams ; blood ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Lignans ; blood ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods ; Stereoisomerism