Objective: To investigate the association between milk intake at breakfast and nutritional status of students attending the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) in 2016, and to provide basic data for improving the nutritional status of the poor rural pupils. Methods: Using the multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method, 22 315 students from grade three to nine from primary and junior high schools were randomly selected from the 50 key counties under the monitor programs, in 22 provinces of NNIPRCS. Questionnaire was used. Among all the students, with equal number of genders, morning fasting height and weight were measured by trained investigators. Status of nutrition was classified as malnutrition, normal, overweight/obesity, by age-specific height and BMI. Multivariate linear and logistic regression methods were used to analyze the relationship between milk consumption and the status of nutrition of the students. Results: Only 31.4% of the students that were on the monitoring programs would drink milk at breakfast. Proportions of milk intake at breakfast were higher in students from the western regions, in lower grades and in girls (P<0.05). The proportions of malnutrition and overweight/obesity were 11.0% and 10.0% respectively. After controlling factors as gender, age, ethnicity, region of residency and types of parental employment, students who drank milk at breakfast showed an average height of 0.4 cm taller than those who did not drink milk (P=0.001). However, no significant relationships were noticed between milk intake at breakfast and weight, malnutrition or overweight/obesity. Conclusion: Milk intake at breakfast seemed associated with the height of the students under study, suggesting that this program can be promoted, especially in students from the poor rural areas.
Animals ; Breakfast ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Milk ; Nutritional Status ; Overweight ; Poverty Areas ; Rural Population ; Schools ; Students

In the present study, serum samples from 402 sheep and 216 goats were collected from 5 counties in Jinzhou from August to October 2012 and antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were detected by modified agglutination test (MAT). Overall, 104 (16.8%) had antibodies to T. gondii with antibody titres of 1:25 to 1:800. Seropositive samples were distributed in all the 5 counties and seroprevalences of T. gondii varied significantly with flock size, age and rearing system, but not with breed, gender and farm location. The seroprevalences in small farms (18.3%, 95/518, 95% confidence interval [CI], 15.0-21.7%) were statistically higher than that in large farms (9%, 9/100, 95% CI, 3.4-14.6%) (P < 0.05), older animals were statistically higher than that in younger animals (P < 0.01). The prevalence in extensively and semiintensively raised samples was statistically higher than that in intensively raised animals (P < 0.01). Small flock size and extensive rearing system are the potential risk factors for the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in sheep and goats in Jinzhou. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in sheep and goats in Jinzhou, northeastern China, and of an association of seropositivity to T. gondii and the risk factors.

INTRODUCTIONIntra-articular fractures of the distal radius represent high energy, complex, unstable injuries and the optimal method of treatment remains controversial.

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe aim of the paper is to compare the outcomes of external fixation (EF) with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with plates and screw fixation in the treatment of intra-articular fractures of the distal radius. Thirty-five patients were enlisted from December 2003 to September 2005 after a failure of initial conservative treatment. The patients were randomised into EF or ORIF groups. The patients were followed-up at 1 week, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Clinical and radiological outcomes were measured. They were scored using the Green and O'Brien or the Gartland and Wertley score.

RESULTSOf the 35 patients, 5 defaulted the 6-month follow-up and were excluded. We found that the clinical and radiological outcomes for the 2 groups were not significantly different. Complication rates were also similar.

CONCLUSIONThere is no significant difference in the outcome of intra-articular distal radius fractures treated with either EF or ORIF.

Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Radius Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Recovery of Function ; Wrist Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of protein kinase D3 (PKD3) in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 7 (MMP-7) expression in prostate cancer cells.

METHODSPC-3 cells were either stimulated with 100 nmol/L PMA to activate PKD3 kinase activity, or transiently transfected with PKD3 siRNA, and the relative expression level of MMP-7 mRNA were analyzed by real-time PCR using 2(-delta delta Ct) method. MMP-7 mRNA levels were also analyzed and quantified in HEK293 cells with over-expression of wild-type PKD3, PKD3 knockdown (using PKD3 siRNA), or over-expression of wild-type PKD3 followed by PKD3 knockdown.

RESULTSMMP-7 mRNA expression in PC3 cells was significantly decreased after PMA-induced PKD3 kinase activation. In contrast, PKD3 knockdown by siRNA transfection markedly increased MMP-7 mRNA level (P<0.01). MMP-7 mRNA level in HEK293 cells was significantly decreased by PKD3 over-expression, whereas obviously increased by PKD3 knockdown. Down-regulation of MMP-7 mRNA level in HEK293 induced by PKD3 over-expression was rescued by PKD3 knockdown.

CONCLUSIONPKD3 may contribute to the malignant progression of prostate cancer cells through negative regulation of MMP-7 expression.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Objective: To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province. Methods: This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases, 2014-2015. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection, taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships. In each survey spot, 250 persons were surveyed. A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed. Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes. Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm. The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape. The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method. Results: The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was2.02% in Henan, and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate. Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found, including nematode (5 species), trematode (2 species), and protozoan (7 species). The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest, and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan. There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rate between males and females (χ(2)=3.630, P=0.057), and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (χ(2)=124.783, P=0.000 1). The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis. Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (χ(2)=70.969, P=0.000 1), the differences had significance (χ(2)=120.118, P=0.000 1). For different populations, the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children. The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild, only 2 severe cases were detected. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (χ(2)=15.765, P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (χ(2)=45.589, P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection, and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection. The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys, and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey. The numbers of protozoa, helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys. Conclusions: Compared the results of three surveys in Henan, the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend. The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clonorchiasis/epidemiology* ; Farmers ; Feces/parasitology* ; Female ; Helminthiasis/epidemiology* ; Helminths ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Protective Factors ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Soil Microbiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Taeniasis/epidemiology* ; Trematode Infections/parasitology* ; Urban Population ; Water Wells

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological and temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Shandong province during 2010-2016 and provide references for developing prevention and control measures. Methods: Based on the data of Infectious Disease Reporting Information System in China, the incidence and temporal-spatial distribution of HFRS in Shandong from 2010 to 2016 were analyzed by spatial autocorrelation and space-time scan statistics. Results: A total of 9 114 HFRS cases were reported in Shandong during this period. The cases were mainly distributed in age group 30-70 years, and the male to female ratio of the cases was 2.63 ∶ 1. Most cases were farmers. The higher incidence rate was reported in southeastern Shandong, while the lower incidence rate was reported in northwestern Shandong. Among the epidemic periods, the highest incidence rate was 1.87/100 000 in 2013. The results of spatial autocorrelation and space-time scanning indicated that the high-high clusters of HFRS were concentrated in southeastern Shandong and then spread to central Shandong. The cluster mainly occurred from the end of 2011 to the first half of 2015. Both the incidence rate and the cluster decreased in 2016. Conclusions: The epidemic and cluster of HFRS still existed in Shandong from 2010 to 2016. The key areas for the prevention and control of HFRS were in southeastern and central Shandong.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Epidemics ; Female ; Hantaan virus ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome/virology* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Seasons ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the association between people who were under lack of care in childhood and the development of cognitive impairment in their middle-aged and elderly life spans. Methods: Based on the baseline survey data of the third phase of "Guangzhou Biobank Cohort study" conducted from January 2007 to January 2008, 9 223 residents aged ≥50 years with records on Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were included in a retrospective survey on received childhood care of their early lives. Questions would include: feelings of care and support from their close relatives during childhood, the status of separation from their mothers for ≥1 year, and the current status of their parents. Linear regression, unconditional and multinomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the associations between the received childhood care and cognitive function (i.e., MMSE scores and cognitive impairment) in middle and old age, of this population under study. Results: After adjusting for age, gender, education, place of residence, marital status, physical activity, smoking, drinking, occupation, personal income, childhood socioeconomic position and depressive symptoms etc., factors as feeling lack of concern and support from close relatives (LC), status of separation from the mother for ≥1 year (SM), and the current status of their parents etc., were all negatively associated with the MMSE score when in middle and old age, with partial regression coefficient β (95%CI) as -0.44 (-0.65- -0.23), -0.26 (-0.38- -0.14) and -0.61 (-0.96- -0.27), respectively. The presence of LC, SM or PD were associated with the increased risks of cognitive impairment, and the adjusted odds ratio OR (95%CI) appeared as 1.43 (1.15-1.78), 1.26 (1.08-1.47) and 1.64 (1.16-2.31) respectively in all the participants, but 1.27 (1.01-1.62), 1.29 (1.09-1.55) and 1.75 (1.19-2.55) respectively, in those with education level of primary school or below. In those with secondary school education or above, only the presence of item A was associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (OR=2.26, 95%CI: 1.41-3.50). Conclusion: We noticed that 'lack of care' in childhood was associated with cognitive impairment during middle and old age, mainly in those population with lower education.
Aged ; Cognition/physiology* ; Cognition Disorders/physiopathology* ; Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Through advances in technology, the genetic basis of cancer has been investigated at the genomic level, and many fundamental questions have begun to be addressed. Among several key unresolved questions in cancer biology, the molecular basis for the link between nuclear deformation and malignancy has not been determined. Another hallmark of human cancer is aneuploidy; however, the causes and consequences of aneuploidy are unanswered and are hotly contested topics. We found that nuclear lamina proteins lamin A/C are absent in a significant fraction (38%) of human breast cancer tissues. Even in lamin A/C-positive breast cancer, lamin A/C expression is heterogeneous or aberrant (such as non-nuclear distribution) in the population of tumor cells, as determined by immunohistology and immunofluorescence microscopy. In most breast cancer cell lines, a significant fraction of the lamin A/C-negative population was observed. To determine the consequences of the loss of lamin A/C, we suppressed their expression by shRNA in non-cancerous primary breast epithelial cells. Down-regulation of lamin A/C in breast epithelial cells led to morphological deformation, resembling that of cancer cells, as observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. The lamin A/C-suppressed breast epithelial cells developed aneuploidy as determined by both flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. We conclude that the loss of nuclear envelope structural proteins lamin A/C in breast cancer underlies the two hallmarks of cancer aberrations in nuclear morphology and aneuploidy.
Aneuploidy ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lamin Type A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mitosis ; Nuclear Envelope ; metabolism ; pathology ; Polyploidy ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of PKD3 in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression regulation in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells and explore the mechanism.

METHODSLNCaP cells containing low level of PKD3 were transfected with pEGFP-C2 or pEGFP-PKD3 plasmid followed by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment, and PSA mRNA level was analyzed by RT-QPCR using 2(-delta delta Ct) method. Wild-type or kinase-dead PKD3 plasmids, human androgen receptor plasmid pSVAR0, pMMTV-luc of AR luciferase reporter and renilla luciferase reporter pRL-SV40 were cotransfected into HEK293 cells, and after treatment with DHT for 24 h, the cells were harvested and AR transcriptional activity were determined by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The subcellular localization of endogenous PKD3 and AR and their colocalization induced by DHT were observed by confocal microscopy.

RESULTSPSA mRNA level triggered by DHT was significantly increased by overexpression of pEGFP-PKD3 in LNCaP cells compared with that in pEGFP-C2 control cells (P<0.001). AR transcription in response to DHT treatment was also significantly up-regulated by wild type PKD3 expression (P<0.001), but partially down-regulated by kinase-dead PKD3 mutant (P<0.01). Endogenous PKD3 and AR in LNCaP cells not only translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, but also colocalized with each other after DHT stimulation.

CONCLUSIONElevated AR transcriptional activity and enhanced expression of PSA induced by PKD3 in response to DHT treatment suggest that PKD3 contributes to the proliferation and malignant growth of androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent ; metabolism ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Transcriptional Activation ; Up-Regulation

Humans ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics* ; Ear, Middle/pathology* ; Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins