Leiomyosarcoma of the soft tissue is a well-defined and characteristic entity histologically, but cytomorphological studes are lacking. A correlaive cytological study of 2 cases of leiomyosarcoma is presented. The smears from case 1 were rich in tumor cells and most cells were arranged in large sheets or clusters. The cells showed round to oval nuclei containing fine chromatin and small promiment nucleoli. The smears from case 2 were moderate in cellularity with loose clusters or isolated cells. The characteristic blunt-ended and cigar-shaped nuclei containing coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli were identified in case 2. Nuclear atypia, prominent nucleoli and high cellularity permit diagnosis of malignancy, although the atypia is generally less pronounced than in the histology. The cytological diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma may be auxiliary in the diagnosis of recurrence or metastasis in the patients with alleged leiomyosarcoma.
Child* ; Chromatin ; Diagnosis ; Dialysis* ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Lipoproteins* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence

Many of the Korean intellectuals resisted against suppression of Japanese Imperialism with the people during the Japanese occupation period. Ryu Sang-Kyu was also one of those intellectuals. Ryu Sang-Kyu was born in Gang-gye of North Pyongan-do on 10th November, 1897. He entered Keijo Medical College as one of the first entering students in 1916. However, at the end of his third year, he participated in the 3.1 Independence Movement of Korea and was suspended from the college which was run by the Japanese on account of his participation. Then moving to Shanghai, he joined Heung Sa Dan, an active patriotic group fighting for independence of Korea. He initiated the provisional government of Korea as a network investigator and he played second string to Ahn Chang-Ho, one of major Korean independence activists for four years. In 1923, following Ahn Chang-Ho's advice, he returned to Keijo Medical College to complete the course. Even in colonial Korea, he continued independence movement and was involved in Dong Woo Hoe, the branch of Heung Sa Dan in Korea. After the graduation of Keijo Medical College in 1927, he had served at the department of surgery in Keijo Medical College. In 1930, he participated in founding of the Korean Medical Association. He also raised public awareness by writing to many articles on hygiene and public health issues in public journals and newspapers. In short, he did his best as an intellectual, a medical doctor, an activist of independence movement until he died from streptococcal infection on 7th July, 1936.
Colonialism/history ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Korea ; Politics ; Public Health/history ; Societies, Medical/history

No abstract available.
beta-Thalassemia*

PURPOSE: Although routine urinalysis can detect leukocyturia, difficulties remain in differentiating subpopulations of leukocytes and various epithelial cells in urinary sediments. This study was performed to appreciate the value of cytodiagnostic urinalysis in the discrimination of leukocyturias of bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) from those without UTI. METHODS: Urine from 12 children with UTI (UTI group) and from 11 children without UTI (non-UTI group) were subjected to cytodiagnostics urinalysis. The number of cases presenting one or more cells of each type in 10 high power fields, and the mean cell numbers observed in a high power field were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) appeared in all cases of the UTI group and in 55% of the non-UTI group, whereas renal tubular epithelial cells were detected in none of the UTI group and 55% of the non-UTI group. In the UTI group, more number of total cells, total WBCs, PMNs and less renal tubular epithelial cells were observed compared to the non-UTI group. CONCLUSIONS: Identification and measurement of the number of PMNs and the renal tubular epithelial cells by cytodiagnostic urinalysis can aid in the discrimination of leukocyturias of children with UTI from those without it.
Cell Count ; Child* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Neutrophils ; Urinalysis* ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

This study was designed to investigate effectiveness of fragmentation during lithotripsy using 103 intrahepatic stones collected from 10 patients. Who had previously undergone biliary surgery. The size of each stones was measured and sonography was performed for the evaluation of the sonographic type of the stones. In vitro lithotripsy was performed on individual stones using piezoelectric lithotriptor to evaluate the fragmentation rate and average number of shock waves for fragmentation. Chemical analysis of each stone was done to determine chemical composition including calcium, bilirubin, and cholesterol. The size of the stones was from 5mm to 20 mm in diameter. Sonographic type I(echo of whole stone with posterior acoustic shadow) was 68, and type II(are-like strong surface echo of stone with clear posterior acoustic shadow) was 35 in number. The majority(78%) of stones I group 1 (5-9mm in diameter) showed sonographic type I characteristics, and 62% of stones in group 3(larger than 15mm in diameter) showed sonographic type Ii characteristics. There was a positive correlation between the size and sonographic type of stones. Fragmentation rates of stones were 100% in group 1. 71.9% in group 2 (10-15 mm in diameter), 43.8% in group 3. Respectively. Fragmentation rates of stones with sonographic type I and II were 91.2%, 65.7%. respectively. The average number of shock waves for partial and complete fragmentation was 2753±4937 and 6219±10133. Respectively. There was a positive correlation between the number of shock waves for fragmentation and diameter of stones (r=0.618. p<0.05). There was no correlation between the number of shock waves for fragmentation and chemical composition of stones. In conclusion, the most important variable determining the degree of fragmentation of intrahepatic stones using ESWL is not their chemical composition but their size and sonographic characteristics.
Acoustics ; Bilirubin ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of anti-Rh immunoglobulin prophylaxis, the incidence of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) due to anti-D has remarkably decreased while the number of HDN due to ABO antibodies or minor blood group antibodies remains same. In Caucasians, anti-c, anti-E and anti-K are antibodies most frequently implicated in HDN. But in Koreans, antigenic frequency of Rh or Kell blood group is very different from Caucasians, so it is expected that the frequency of antibodies causing HDN would also be very different. Because there has been no representative data on minor blood group antibodies causing HDN in Korea, we analyzed 79 antibodies associated with HDN. METHODS: From January 1989 to July 1998, we determined the antibody specificity causing HDN in 79 cases. The nature and in vitro characteristics of the antibodies were analyzed. RESULTS: Among 79 cases, ABO antibodies were responsible in 20 cases, and anti-D was responsible in 7 cases. In minor blood group incompatibility, anti-E+c (21 cases) and anti-E (18 cases) antibodies were the antibodies most commonly involved. In ABO incompatibility, Direct Coombs' test (DAT) on baby RBC was positive only in 65% (13/20 cases). In 13 cases, ABO antibodies were detected only in the eluate of baby RBC. In non-ABO incompatibility, 96.6% (57/59 cases) showed positive DAT. In cases associated with anti-E+c and anti-E, Rh subtypes of 20 mothers were all CCDee except one, and Rh subtypes of 12 babies were all CcDEe except one. CONCLUSION: In ABO-HDN, negative DAT was frequently found and the test on baby RBC eluate was an essential part for diagnosis. Among non-ABO incompatibility, Rh incompatibilities, including RhD, were responsible in 94.9% (56/59 cases). Among HDN due to minor blood group antibodies, in contrast to previous reports, we found that anti-E+c was the most common antibody involved in HDN.
Antibodies* ; Antibody Specificity ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Coombs Test ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn* ; Korea ; Mothers

We describe a novel-thalassemia mutation, the deletion of TG at codons 89/90 of the globin gene, found in two unrelated Korean families. Their hematological findings varied, but some patients showed prominent anemia. This mutation would introduce a premature stop codon (TGA) at codon 93. But a RNA study revealed that the / ratio was within normal range, and the amount of the mutant -globin RNA was comparable to that of normal-globin RNA. These data suggests this novel mutation as a dominant type. The haplotype and frameworks linked to the mutation were different between the two families.
Anemia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Codon* ; Codon, Nonsense ; Globins ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Reference Values ; RNA ; Thalassemia