Female ; Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Uterus ; Endometrium ; Ichthyosis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions

Objective: To identify the spatial clustering and its temporal trends among newly detected female HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older, in China from 2010 to 2016. Methods: Newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women in China during 2010-2016 were collected, to describe their demographic characteristics, changing trends and spatial autocorrelation. This program was conducted at county level, using the ArcGIS 10.3. Results: The number of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women was increasing annually from 16 603 to 26 196 in 2010 and in 2016. As the main route proportion of heterosexual transmission increased from 84.25% (13 988/16 603) in 2010 to 96.29%(25 224/26 196) in 2016. Both the number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases among elderly women ≥50 years of age increased significantly from 17.82%(2 959/16 603) to 38.10%(9 981/26 196) in 2016. Results from spatial analysis demonstrated a county-level clustered distribution of HIV/AIDS cases across the country with a rising global Moran's I value=0.55 over the years (Z=51.46, P<0.001), which was concentrating on western and southern China, covering 9 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Guizhou, Guangdong, Chongqing, Henan and Hunan). The temporal trends of hot spots differed by age groups, with the trend of epidemic shifting towards western border and southern coastal regions among women aged 15-49 years old, while the elderly women aged ≥50 years old were spreading northward from the southwestern regions. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that an increasing trend of clusters appeared on HIV epidemic among newly detected female HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older in China, particularly in the western and southern regions. Prevention and intervention strategies should target on women according to their age distribution, particularly in regions with increasing trend of HIV epidemics.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Epidemics ; Female ; HIV Infections/ethnology* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Spatial Analysis ; Young Adult

Toxoplasmosis is caused by the intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. It is anopportunistic zoonosis in warm-blooded animals and humans, with a worldwide distribution. Toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 16 (TgGRA16) can modulate some functions in host cells and is considered a significant virulent factor of the parasite. The present study reports sequence variation in TgGRA16 gene among T. gondii strains from different hosts and geographical locations, and the construction of phylogenetic relationships of these T. gondii strains based on sequences of TgGRA16, and analysis of B cell epitopes in TgGRA16. Our results showed that all TgGRA16 gene sequences were 1518 bp and the C+G contents ranged from 52.17% to 52.59%. Sequence variation in the TgGRA16 gene was 0-1.51%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TgGRA16 gene sequence could not be used to differentiate the different T. gondii genotypes. Six B cell epitopes were predicted in TgGRA16. These results indicated that TgGRA16 gene is not an ideal marker for studying genetic relationships of T. gondii isolates, but may represent a good vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis.

Objective: To understand the spatial-temporal distribution of enterovirus infection in Macao Special Administrative Region, China, from 2011 to 2016. Methods: The incidence data of enterovirus infections in child care settings and primary schools in Macao during this period, which were confirmed by the Health Bureau, were used for the spatial-temporal analysis. Bernoulli model was used as probability model. Software SPSS 20.0 was used for descriptive statistics of the study cases, and software SaTScan 9.4.4 was used for spatial and temporal scanning. Finally, software Google Earth was used for visualization of geographical information. Results: A total of 330 enterovirus infection events were reported in Macao from 2011 to 2016. The infection event number was highest in 2014 (101, 30.6%), the infections mainly occurred during May to June. A case clustering area with a radius of 0.7 km (high rates) was observed in northeast of Macao from 2011 to 2013 (log likelihood rate=13.4, P<0.001, RR=1.4). Conclusion: The annual prevention of enterovirus infection and related health education should be started in February and March in Macao, and the key area is the northeast of Macao island.
Child ; Child Health ; China/epidemiology* ; Cluster Analysis ; Enterovirus Infections/epidemiology* ; Geography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Probability ; Software ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Objective: To explore the value of Hisense computer-assisted surgical systems (CAS) for precise surgery of pediatric solid pseudopapillary tumor. Methods: A total of 5 cases with pancreatic solid pseudopapi-llary tumor who were admitted at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from June 2015 to September 2018 were adopting.Upper abdominal 64-slice dynamic enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan was performed.3D models were created by computer-assisted surgery systems.Based on 3D model, surgical planning, preoperative simulated tumor resection, intraoperative assisted guidance were performed.Operation time, intraoperative blood loss volume, blood transfusion rate were analyzed. Results: Hisense CAS three-dimensional reconstruction could clearly show the adjacent relationship between pancreas, tumor and peripheral vascular organs.According to the preoperative virtual resection, pancreatic tumor resection was more accurate.Postoperative pathological results were solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas.Among them, 2 tumors were located in the head of the pancreas, 1 case was located in the pancreatic neck, and 2 cases in the tail of the pancreas.The operation time was 150-360 min, with an average of 279 min.The average intraoperative blood loss was 40 mL, of which the minimum amount of bleeding was 5 mL, and the blood transfusion rate was 40%(2/5 cases). Surgical tumor removal was achieved successfully in 5 cases.All children were followed up for 6 months to 3 years, and no recurrence or metastasis was observed. Conclusions Three-dimensional reconstruction of computer-assisted surgery system can clearly show the adjacent relationship between tumor and surroun-ding vascular organs, and help to make the best surgical plan before surgery to improve the accuracy and safety of the operation.

Objective: To study the relations between neck/shoulder or low back pain and their daily behavioral habits among middle school students in Shenzhen. Methods: We randomly chose 3 952 students from 10 high schools in Shenzhen to complete the questionnaires. Data was gathered and analyzed, using the IBM SPSS 23.0. Results: Of the 3 952 participants, 20.3% had neck/shoulder pain and 15.2% had low back pain. Among students experienced neck/shoulder pain, female (25.3%), high school (24.5%) and boarding students (24.4%) experienced higher rates of neck/shoulder pain (P<0.05). Female students (17.9%) also had higher rate of low back pain (P<0.05). Results from logistic regression analysis showed that factors as: gender, type of school, taking naps on the desk, staying up late, self-perceived stress from learning, overloading homework, time spent on mobile phone and TV, spending long time on computer etc. were related to the neck/shoulder pain (P<0.05). Factors as: gender, naps on the desk, stay up late, self-perceived stress, overloading homework, time spent on mobile phone and TV etc., were related to low back pain (P<0.05). Conclusion: Neck/shoulder pain and low back pain were both commonly seen while high self-perceived stress, sedentary behaviors and poor sleeping habits were associated with both neck/shoulder and low back pain in high school students in Shenzhen.
Female ; Habits ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Neck Pain ; Risk Factors ; Schools ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Pain ; Sleep ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: To understand the survival of HIV/AIDS patients after receiving antiretroviral therapy for 10 year in Henan province and related factors. Methods: The database of national integrated management system of HIV/AIDS was used to collect the basic information and follow-up information of HIV/AIDS patients who received antiretroviral therapy between 2003 and 2005 in Henan province. Software SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze the patients' survival and related factors based on the life-table method and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Among the 2 448 HIV/AIDS patients who started antiretroviral therapy during 2003-2005, the men accounted for 53.5%, and women accounted for 46.5%. Up to 70.1% of the patients were aged 40-59 years and 95.5% of the patients had blood borne infections. The patients were observed for 10 years after antiviral treatment, and 719 cases died from AIDS related diseases, with a mortality rate of 3.78/100 per year (719/19 010 per year). The cumulative survival rates of patients within 1-year, 3 years, 5 years and 10 years were 0.94, 0.86, 0.78, 0.69 respectively. Compared with the patients aged <40 years, the HRs of the patients aged 40-, 50-, 60- and ≥70 years were 1.417 (95%CI: 0.903-2.222), 1.834 (95%CI: 1.174-2.866), 2.422 (95%CI: 1.539-3.810) and 3.424 (95%CI: 2.053-5.709) respectively. Compared with patients with baseline CD(4+)T lymphocyte >350 unit/ul, the HRs of the patients with CD(4+)T lymphocyte <50 unit/μl, 50-199 unit/ul and 200-350 unit/ul were 7.105 (95%CI: 5.449-9.264), 4.175 (95%CI: 3.249-5.366) and 2.214 (95%CI: 1.691-2.900) respectively. Compared with the women, the HR of the men was 1.480 (95%CI: 1.273-1.172). Compared with the patients who received second line ART therapy, the HR of patients receiving no second line therapy was 11.923 (95%CI: 9.410-15.104). Conclusions: The cumulative survival rate the HIV/AIDS patients after 10 years of antiretroviral therapy reached 0.69 in Henan. Male, old age, low basic CD(4+)T lymphocyte count and receiving no second line therapy were the risk factors for long-term survival of AIDS patients.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; Aged ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; HIV/drug effects* ; HIV Infections/mortality* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Factors ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are expressed in postmitotic neuronal cells of adult mammalian brain and are involved in the regulation of various cellular activities, including inducible gene expression. Recent data from this laboratory show that selective stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) activates a major subclass of MAPKs, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase ( ERK), in striatal neurons. The activation of ERK was mediated partially through the mGluR5-associated signaling pathway, i. e., inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3 )-mediated Ca2+ release. More importantly, the member of Homer family, Homer1b/c, forms a central signaling pathway linking mGluR5 to ERK in a Ca2+ -independent manner. In addition, a major serine/threonine phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is also involved in the mGluR5 regulation of ERK phosphorylation. As an information superhighway between the surface membrane and the nucleus, ERK when co-activated by both IP3/Ca2+- and Homer1 b/c-dependent pathways showed the ability to phosphorylate two transcription factors, Elk-1 and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB),and thereby facilitated c-Fos expression. Together, available data obtained from this laboratory and others indicate that mGluR5 possesses the ability to activate the ERK pathway in striatal neurons. A sophisticated signaling apparatus involving coordinated interactions between protein kinases and protein phosphatases mediates the mGluR5-ERK coupling imperative for the transcriptional regulation.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province. Methods: This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases, 2014-2015. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection, taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships. In each survey spot, 250 persons were surveyed. A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed. Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes. Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm. The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape. The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method. Results: The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was2.02% in Henan, and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate. Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found, including nematode (5 species), trematode (2 species), and protozoan (7 species). The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest, and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan. There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rate between males and females (χ(2)=3.630, P=0.057), and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (χ(2)=124.783, P=0.000 1). The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis. Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (χ(2)=70.969, P=0.000 1), the differences had significance (χ(2)=120.118, P=0.000 1). For different populations, the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children. The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild, only 2 severe cases were detected. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (χ(2)=15.765, P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (χ(2)=45.589, P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection, and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection. The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys, and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey. The numbers of protozoa, helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys. Conclusions: Compared the results of three surveys in Henan, the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend. The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clonorchiasis/epidemiology* ; Farmers ; Feces/parasitology* ; Female ; Helminthiasis/epidemiology* ; Helminths ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Protective Factors ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Soil Microbiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Taeniasis/epidemiology* ; Trematode Infections/parasitology* ; Urban Population ; Water Wells

Hepatitis B ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control