No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Dysentery, Bacillary*

Association of HLA antigens with certain diseases provide insights into genetically determined susceptibility to disease. Although nephrotic syndrome is one of the commonest diseases, it is poorly understood. A group of 57 patients suffering from a minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome (33 patients) and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (24 patients) was studied for immunologic markers. The incidence of HLA-A w 24 is significantly greater in the minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome patients than in controls (18.7% in patients, 0% in controls, p < 0.01). This report fails to show a high incidence of specific HLA antigen in mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis patients. We believe that the high incidence of HLA-Aw 24 in minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome is indicative of a congenital predisposition to nephrotic syndrome.
Glomerulonephritis/immunology ; HLA Antigens/analysis* ; Human ; Nephrosis, Lipoid/immunology*

Twenty one infants and children were entered into the study protocol when bacteriologic diagnosis of shigellosis was made by stool culture indenification. Fifteen patients were treated at Inje Hospital in Kangwon Do and six patients were treated at Severance Hospital in Seoul. Susceptibility studies were revealed that ampicillin was resistant in all cases. Gentamicin and Panimycin which are aminoglycosides were quite effective. But their use was limited because of their nephrotoxicity and those antibiotics should be used only by parenteral route. A daily dose of 20microgram per kilogram of body weight of rifampin was given by mouth divided every 6 hrs for 7 days routinely except 2 cases. After that follow up stool culture were performed on 13 patient. The results were negative except one case. There was no untoward reaction of rifampin during therapy except for the red coloring of urine and stool. To prevent developing the resistance of shigella to rifampin, it is necessary to confirm that negative conversion of stool cultures has been achieved. Our experience should encourge the use of rifampin in the treatment of shigellosis.
Aminoglycosides ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Body Weight ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Dysentery, Bacillary* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gangwon-do ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Infant ; Mouth ; Rifampin* ; Seoul ; Shigella

A 13-year-old boy was diagnosed as having primary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and symptoms developed at 3 years of age. Subsequently he developed bilateral hydronephrosis and a neurogenic bladder. His pedigree could be explored back 5 generations and represented an inheritance as an X-linked recessive transmission factor. He was treated with indomethacin 2 mg/kg/day plus chlorothiazide 500 mg/day and this new treatment showed a markedly decreased urine output and increased urine osmolarity. (Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, Hydronephrosis, Indomethacin)
Adolescent ; Bladder, Neurogenic/etiology ; Chlorothiazide/therapeutic use ; Diabetes Insipidus/complications ; Diabetes Insipidus/congenital* ; Diabetes Insipidus/drug therapy ; Diabetes Insipidus/genetics ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Human ; Hydronephrosis/etiology* ; Indomethacin/therapeutic use* ; Male

In a group of 59 children with nephrotic syndrome who had been admitted to Severance Ho-spital, during the period of 2 years from July of 1978 till June of 1980, the histological picture seen on renal biopsy, the selective protein index, and the response to the steroid therapy were studied. The degree of selective protein index is not related to the total daily amount of urinary protein excretion and selective protein index remains relatively constant over months in the minimal lesion nephrotic syndrom. Those patients with primary renal disease and the nephrotic syndrome who displayed high selectivity types of proteinuria usually responds initially to steroid therapy within 8 weeks. Studies of selective protein index allow the pediatrician to avoid renal biopsy with safety in nephrotic children aged 1 to 5 years, but distinguish any given renal disease with certainty. The mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with immune deposits has relatively poor selectivity of proteinuria and without immune deposits, it has high or moder-ate selectivity of proteinuria. Response to treatment of steroid in the Henoch-Sch?lein Purpura was poor and not related with selective protein index.
Biopsy ; Child ; Glomerulonephritis ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Proteinuria ; Purpura

Henoch-Schonlenin purpura is one of the most common cause of purpura of children in Korea at present time, but well summarized report about the incidence in Korea is not submitted yet. Renal involvemnet in Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis is one of the important cause of end stage kidney disease in chidhood, accounting for about 15% of children who are on dialysis programs in the United Kingdom. The proportion of patients reported to have a renal involvement varies from 20% to 85%, and also the natural history from the beginning of the disease is still not well established. For these reasons, this study aims on the preliminary report on the renal changes, clinically, pathologically and immunopathologically, in three patientsof Henoch-Schonlein purpura with normal renal function. Renal biopsies show normal to minimal endocapillary cell proliferation, with a few neutrophil participation in the glomerular capillary. Mesangial matrix is partially widened in a case. Immunopathological study shows uniformly patchy focal to diffuse, spotty deposits of IgA in the mesangium, but IgG, C3, fibrinogen and IgM are lesser in degree. A case with recurrent attacks shows a focal segmental involvement by IgG, which can be considered presumably due to recurrent intermittent antigenic challenge.
Biopsy ; Capillaries ; Cell Proliferation ; Child ; Dialysis ; Fibrinogen ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Natural History ; Nephritis ; Neutrophils ; Purpura ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch*

Measurements of serum C3 levels by the single radial immunodiffusion method using Helena plates were done in 41 patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and in 25 healthy children. In 28 patients the sequential determination were done until returning the level above normal range. The mean value of serum C3 concentration in this group as a who1e was lower than in the control group and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The initial reduction of serum C3 concentration did not correlate with the severity of the acute phase of the disease. In those children with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, serum C3 concentration returned to normal within six weeks.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Complement 3/analysis* ; Complement 3/deficiency ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis/etiology ; Glomerulonephritis/immunology* ; Human ; Male ; Streptococcal Infections/complications ; Streptococcal Infections/immunology*

A 13 year old boy was diagnosed as primary nephrotic diabetesinsipidus, whose symptom has been devloped from 3 years of age, subsequetly he developed bilateral hydronephrosis and neurogenic bladder. His pedigree could be explored 5 generations and represented inheritace as X-linked recesslive transmission, He was treated with indomethacin 2mg/Kg/day plus chlorothiazid 500mg/dau and this new method shows markedly decreased urine outpur and increased urine osmolarity.
Adolescent ; Diabetes Insipidus, Nephrogenic* ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Indomethacin ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration ; Pedigree ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic

Anaphylactoid nephritis is a disease complicated by anaphylactoid purpura manifested by a non-thrombocytopenic purpura, abdominal pain. And joint pain The manifestation of nephritis may vary from microscopic hematuria to acute rapidly progressive nephritic and nephrotic syndrome. This paper reports on anaphylactoid nephritis in children. These cases were collected fromthe Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei university Medical College from January 1,1974 to may 31, 1979. The results are as follows; 1. Among 75 cases of anaphylactoid purpura, 25 cases developed nephritis(33%), 16 cases were male and 9female. The age distribution was from 3years 5months to 15years. The peak incidence occured between 5 and 7years ofage with 11 cases. 2. The evidence of renal invovement in 18 cases among 25 were detected within 4 weeks after onset of skin manifestation. 3. The clinical manifestations were skin rashes, abdominal pain, joint pain, pitting edema, gross hematuria, and melena in orders. 4. The clinical classification of renal involvement were transient hematuria 4 cases, acute nephritis, 7 cases recurrent hematuria 1 case, nephrotic syndrome 5 cases, and undetermined 8 cases. 5. In additionto the usual signs of renal involvement, serum levels of IgA were checked. The elevation of IgA was 4 cases among the tested 6 cases. 6. According to the pathologic findings and immunofluorescent technique, 8 cases out of 9 cases by kidney biopsy were focal proliferative glomerulonephritis and 1 case diffuse proliferative flomerulonephritis. The deposit of glomeruli by immunofluorescent technique was IgA, IgG, IgM, and fibrin 7. All the cases were treated with prednisone and only 4 cases were combined with immunosuppressant, azathioprine without benfit.
Abdominal Pain ; Age Distribution ; Arthralgia ; Azathioprine ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Classification ; Edema ; Exanthema ; Fibrin ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Male ; Melena ; Nephritis ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Pediatrics ; Prednisone ; Purpura ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; Skin Manifestations

We have clinically observed 39 patients with abdominal tumors who were admitted in Severance Hospital during the past 10 years from April 1960 to March 1970. Unfortunately follow-up study couldn't be made. The following results were obtained. 1) Of the total number observed, 25 patients were male and 14 patients female. 2) The majority of the patients, 34 (87%) were under 6 years of age and 20 (51%) were between 1 to 3 years of age. The youngest patient was a 3-month-old female with Wilms' tumor. 3) In our series, Wilms' tumor (15 cases, 38.5%) was the most common and neuroblastoma (8 cases) was next most common tumor in the abdominal cavity. In addition we found another 4 cases of neuroblastoma in other sites. We observed hepatoma (8cases), ovarian tumor (3cases), lymphosarcoma (2cases), mesenteric cyst (one case) and adenoma of the left adrenal gland (one case) in that order of frequency. 4) In 15patients with Wilms' tumor, hypertension was observed in 8 patients and hematuria in 4 patients. Compared with Wilms' tumor, no hematuria was noted in the cases with neuroblastoma and hypertension occurred in 3 of these. 5) On abdominal X-ray, calcification was present in 4 cases with neuroblastoma (50%) and was present in only one of 15 patients with Wilms' tumor. 6) Comparing the sites of metastasis between Wilms' tumor and neuroblastoma, 4 of 15 patients with Wilms' tumor had lung metastasis and 4 of 8 patients of neuroblastoma had bony metastasis. Liver metastasis was found at autopsy in one case of neuroblastoma. 7) Three cases of hepatoblastoma were under 2 years of age and three cases of hepatocarcinoma were over 12 years of age. 8) Three cases of ovarian tumor were benign cystic teratoma. Tortion of the ovarian pedicle occurred in one of 3 patients with severe low abdominal pain. All patients were discharged in good condition after salphingo-oophorectomy. 9) One case of lymphosarcoma of the ileum was associated with intussusception. 10) A one year o1d female with adenoma of the left adrenal gland had typical Cushing's syndrome.
Abdominal Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Adolescent ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Korea ; Liver Neoplasms ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/epidemiology ; Male ; Mesenteric Cyst/epidemiology ; Nephroblastoma/epidemiology ; Neuroblastoma/epidemiology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology