No abstract available.
Cardiac Output* ; Ductus Arteriosus* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Intestinal Obstruction*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Melanoma*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.

The Echocardiography is a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool for cardiac evaluation without known risk, and its application in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease in infants and children has become indispensable. Especially left ventricular echocardiogram appears to be a effective technique for determination of left ventricular dimensions and volume, other echocardiographic index of left ventricular function. There are numerous echocardiographic studies for normal and abnormal heart of adult, but few in Korean infants and children. Echocardiographic studies were performed on 103 normal infants and children to obtain the normal value of stroke volume, cardiac index, ejection fraction, cardiac out put, percent of fractional shortening which were related to left ventricular function. The result obtained were as follows: 1) Normal mean stroke volume was 39.2314.49ml. 2) Normal mean cardiac index was 4.111.20L/min./m2. 3) Normal mean ejection fraction was 69.4411.31%. 4) Normal mean cardiac output was 3.481.10L. 5) Normal mean percent of fractional shortening was 38.908.07%. The normal values of stroke volume, cardiac output were increased by aging,but no significant differences were found in cardiac index, ejection fraction, percent of fractional shortening.
Adult ; Cardiac Output ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Echocardiography* ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Infant* ; Reference Values ; Stroke Volume ; Ventricular Function, Left*

PURPOSE: Infants with Alagille syndrome (AGS) are occasionally misdiagnosed as biliary atresia and subsequently undergo Kasai operation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of patients with AGS who had previously received Kasai operation during infancy. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center. We compared the prognosis and mortality between those who had undergone Kasai operation during infancy (Kasai group) and those who had not (non-Kasai group). RESULTS: Among the 15 children with AGS, five had received Kasai operation, while 10 had not. All subjects in the Kasai group revealed neonatal cholestasis, while 70% of the non-Kasai group showed neonatal cholestasis. Liver transplantation was performed in 100% (5/5) among the Kasai group, and 20.0% (2/10) among the non-Kasai group (p=0.007). Mortality was observed in 60.0% (3/5) among the Kasai group, and 10.0% (1/10) among the non-Kasai group (p=0.077). CONCLUSION: Although overall mortality rate did not significantly differ between the two groups, the proportion of patients receiving liver transplantation was significantly higher in the non-Kasai group. The relatively worse outcome in AGS patients who had received Kasai operation may be due to the unfavorable influences of Kasai operation on the clinical course of AGS, or maybe due to neonatal cholestasis, irrespective of the Kasai operation.
Alagille Syndrome* ; Biliary Atresia ; Child ; Cholestasis ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver Transplantation ; Mortality ; Pediatrics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections mainly involve respiratory tract; however, also can manifestate other symptoms by site involved. Extrapulmonary manifestations of M. pneumoniae infection are rarely known to occur without pneumonia. Herein we report a case of a 9-year-old boy who presented with acute cholestatic hepatitis in the absence of pneumonia. Rhabdomyolysis, skin rash, and initial laboratory results suspicious of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy were also observed in this patient. M. pneumoniae infection was identified by a 4-fold increase in immunoglobulin G antibodies to M. pneumoniae between acute and convalescent sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This is the first pediatric case in Korea of M. pneumoniae infection presenting with acute cholestatic hepatitis in the absence of pneumonia.
Antibodies ; Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Exanthema ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Korea ; Male ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma* ; Respiratory System ; Rhabdomyolysis