No abstract available.
Blood Coagulation* ; Humans* ; Saliva*

No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Effect of varying hematocrit ratio on the gastric acid production was studied in the heart-stomach preparation of the frog. When the hematocrit ratio was raised by injecting packed red blood cells obtained from the same species of frog, the acid production was increased significantly as compared to the low hematocrit group in which hematocrit ratio was lowered by injecting frog's normal saline. When a small amount of histamine was added to the medium of 25degree C, the acid production was increased in all cases, but the difference in the acid production between the high and the low hematocrit groups was abolished. However, when the temperature of the medium was lowered to 15degree C, the differences in the acid production between the two groups became significant. When a large amount of acetazolamide was added to the medium at 25degree C, the acid production was decreased significantly in both groups without showing a significant difference between the two groups. The reason(s) responsible for the increased acid production in the high hematocrit group was discussed.

A prospective study was initiated to compare maternal serum concentration of CA-125 during the first trimester of normal and abnormal pregnancies. Serum specimens were obtained from 87 women with a normal intrauterine pregnancy and 47 women with abnormal pregnancies which were ended in spontaneo abortion or pathologically confirmed to be missed abortion. In normal pregnancies, the mean serum CA-125 concentrations were increased significantly from amenorhea 6 weeks (139.838.7 IU/ml), and were higher statistically than the values tested in the same weeks of abnormal pregnancies. In abnormal pregnancies serum CA-125 concentations were relatively lower than those of normal pregnancies. But these differences were not statistically significant except the values tested in amenorhea 6weeks. So serum levels of CA-125 may not be proved useful in monitoring of early pregnancies outcome.
Abortion, Missed ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First* ; Pregnancy* ; Prospective Studies

We have experienced 3 cases of recurrent urinary tract infection with ureterovesical reflux under age of 10 years. Two of these patients have completely recovered after surgical reimplantantation which were confirmed by follow-up VCUG 6 to 8 month after surgery. One showed hydronephrotic change of right kidney by intravenous pyelogram taken 7 months after surgical reimplantation. A brief review of the related literature wag also presented and discussed the importance of radiological investigation in recurrent urinary tract infection.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney ; Replantation ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

BACKGROUND: Intrathecal injection of analgesic agents sush as opioids, clonidine, ketamine and nalbuphine with a local anesthetic agent during spinal anesthesia for operation is an easy and convenient way to get postoperative analgesia. Intrathecal neostigmine causes an increased ACh concentration in CSF and also has an analgesic effect. This study was designed to examine its postoperative analgesic effect and adverse effects such as nausea/vomiting and urinary retention etc. METHODS: We divided 27 patients who were supposed to receive orthopedic surgery of lower extremities into 3 groups. The control group as injected with heavy bupivacaine 13 mg and normal saline and the N50 and N75 groups were injected with the same amount of bupivacaine combined with neostigmine 50 mcg and 75 mcg respectively. We examined total amount of fluid intake and side effects during operation, and time to first rescue analgesic medication, time to first urination, total applications of rescue analgesic agent, total number of urinary catheterizations for 24 hr after intrathecal injection, and adverse effects of intrathecal neostigmine in the ward. RESULTS: The N75 group showed a significantly longer analgesic duration compared with the control and N50 groups, but the incidence of urinary retention and number of urinary catheterizations increased in the N75 group significantly. Nausea/Vomiting significantly increased in N75 compared with control. Shivering was more common in N50. 2 patients who recieved neostigmine 75 mcg complained of chest discomforts suggesting myocardial ischemia in EKG taken in those episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Neostigmine 75 mcg has better analgesic effect but more frequent adverse effects than control or neostigmine 50 mcg. Therefore, we suggest using high doses of neostigmine cautiously and being aware of its side effects.
Analgesia ; Analgesics ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Bupivacaine ; Clonidine ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Injections, Spinal ; Ketamine ; Lower Extremity ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Nalbuphine ; Neostigmine* ; Orthopedics* ; Shivering ; Thorax ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Retention ; Urination

Because central venous O2 saturation (superior vena cava, ScvO2) can be monitored with less risk of the patients than mixed venous O2 saturation (pulmonary artery, SvO2), there have been studies to see if ScvO2 could replace SvO2. But previous studies showed that these two measurements were correlated but "not interchangeable. Therefore the authors compared right atrial C#b saturation (SraO2) with S vO2 over a wide range of cardiorespiratory status including control, hemorrhage, resuscitation, and hypoxia in anesthetized cats. We performed thoracotomy and inserted cannulae directly into the right atrium and the pulmonary artery. Blood sampling were obtained synchronously through the cannulae and tested immediately. The correlation coefficients in control, hemorrhage, resuscitation, and hypoxia groups were 0.876, 0.794, 0.946, 0.948 respectively and the two measurements in each group showed statistically significant correlations (p<0.05). But the biases of the two measurements in each group were 0.11+/-2.9, 0.35+/-4.2, -0.55+/-3.2, 0.23+/-4.2 respectively and the limits of agreement ( 2 standard deviation) in all groups exceeded permissible (5%) to conclude that the two measurements were in agreement. Thus, we reached the conclusion that the absolute values of SraO2, though not being sufficiently identical to S vO2 to calculate O2 uptake or pulmonary shunt precisely, can reflect the S vO2 trend following the O2 supply / demand change. Further clinical studies are needed.
Animals ; Anoxia* ; Arteries ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Catheters ; Cats* ; Heart Atria* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Oxygen* ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Resuscitation* ; Shock, Hemorrhagic* ; Thoracotomy

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

We previously reported that mice lacking JSAP1 (jsap1-/-) were lethal and the brain of jsap1-/- at E18.5 exhibited multiple types of developmental defects, which included impaired axon projection of the corpus callosum and anterior commissures. In the current study, we examined whether the early telencephalic commissures were formed abnormally from the beginning of initial development or whether they arose normally, but have been progressively lost their maintenance in the absence of JSAP1. The early corpus callosum in the brain of jsap1+/+ at E15.5-E16.5 was found to cross the midline with forming a distinct U-shaped tract, whereas the early axonal tract in jsap1-/- appeared to cross the midline in a diffuse manner, but the lately arriving axons did not cross the midline. In the brain of jsap1-/- at E17.5, the axon terminals of lately arriving collaterals remained within each hemisphere, forming an early Probst's bundle-like shape. The early anterior commissure in the brain of jsap1+/+ at E14.5-E15.5 crossed the midline, whereas the anterior commissure in jsap1-/- developed, but was deviated from their normal path before approaching the midline. The axon tracts of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure in the brain of jsap1-/- at E16.5-E17.5 expressed phosphorylated forms of FAK and JNK, however, their expression levels in the axonal tracts were reduced compared to the respective controls in jsap1+/+. Considering the known scaffolding function of JSAP1 for the FAK and JNK pathways, these results suggest that JSAP1 is required for the pathfinding of the developing telencephalic commissures in the early brains.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics/*metabolism ; Animals ; Brain/*embryology/*metabolism ; Female ; Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/genetics/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Telencephalon/*embryology/*metabolism

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of sperm motility stimulants on the hyperactivation (HA), acrosomal reaction (AR) and sperm penetration assay (SPA) in fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa from fertile men. METHODS: We treated the semen samples obtained from 20 normospermic men (fresh semens from 10 and cryopreserved ones from 10) with pentoxiphylline (PF) and 2-deoxyadenosine (2-DXA) to evaluate the change of the patterns of motility using the computerized motility analyzer. The semen samples treated with motility stimulants were incubated in the medium with calcium ionophore A23187 for the examination of the proportion of acrosome lost spermatozoa. Finally we performed SPA in both groups for the evaluation of fertilizing capacity after stimulant treatments. RESULTS: In both fresh and cryopreserved semen samples, the addition of PF and 2-DXA significantly altered the patterns of motility (ALH, VCL, HA) known to have association with sperm quality without increasing the number of sperms with progressive motility and velocity. A23187 induced AR was also augmented by the treatment with PF and 2-DZA. Although the treatment with PF did not increase the mean rates of egg penetration significantly, in selected cases in the cryopreserved semen group, the improvement of the motility pattern was impressive. CONCLUSION: PF and 2-DXA can improve the quality of sperm function in both fresh and frozen-thawed semen from normal fertile men and may increase the sperm penetration rate of zona-free hamster eggs in selected samples of the frozen-thawed semen. The results suggest that PF and 2-DXA pretreatment can be used in the clinical practice for intrauterine insemination (IUI) program with frozen-thawed sperms as well as with samples from men with abnormal semen parameters. In addition, it may be a cost- effective therapy to try IUI combined with such a pretreatment for the couples planned to enter into the ART program.
Acrosome ; Acrosome Reaction ; Animals ; Calcimycin ; Calcium ; Cricetinae ; Eggs ; Family Characteristics ; Fertilization in Vitro* ; Humans ; Insemination ; Male ; Ovum ; Semen ; Sperm Motility* ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa*