Celecoxib ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; K562 Cells ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology

Animals ; Diazepam ; pharmacology ; Drug Antagonism ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Male ; Pyrazoles ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal projection plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the detailed mechanisms responsible for dopaminergic neuron loss are still under investigation, oxidative stress is identified as a major contributor for neuronal apoptosis. In the current study, we studied the effects of MPP(+), a substrate that mimics oxidative stress, on neuron-like PC12 cells and the underlying mechanisms. PC12 cells were cultured and treated by 100 μmol/L MPP(+) for 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h, respectively. For drug pretreatment, the PC12 cells were incubated with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC, 5 mmol/L), an antioxidant, SP600125 (20 μmol/L) or PD98059 (100 μmol/L), two pharmacological inhibitors of JNK and ERK1/2, for 1 h before addition of MPP(+). Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of Cu(2+)/Zn(2+)-SOD, GSH-Px, Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK was determined by Western blotting. Our results showed that MPP(+) exposure could induce substantial PC12 cell apoptosis. The pretreatment of SP600125 or PD98059 could effectively reduce the apoptosis rate by reducing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA levels. MPP(+) exposure also induced high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), marked by dramatic increase of Cu(2+)/Zn(2+)-SOD and GSH-Px mRNA levels. The elevated ROS was strongly associated with the activation of JNK and ERK1/2 signal pathways after MPP(+) exposure, since the pretreatment of NAC significantly reduced the upregulation of p-JNK and p-ERK1/2. Finally, the pretreatment of SP600125, but not PD98059, alleviated the increase of Cu(2+)/Zn(2+)-SOD and GSH-Px mRNAs induced by MPP(+), suggesting that the activation of the JNK signal pathway, but not the ERK1/2 signal pathway, could, in some degree, antagonize the generation of ROS induced by oxidative stress. In conclusion, our results suggest that JNK and ERK1/2 signal pathways, which are activated via ROS, play a crucial role in neuronal apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; PC12 Cells ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism

Neurotensin receptor-1 (NTR1), which can stimulate the intracellular cascade signal pathway, belongs to the large superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors. NTR1 is related to the occurrence and development of several kinds of diseases. In order to screen the inhibitors for the cancers associated with NTR1 protein, we established a CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cell line in which human neurotensin receptor-1 was highly expressed. The method is to construct the recombinant plasmid which was lysed with the hNTR1 gene and transfect it into CHO cells. After selected with G418, the cell line was evaluated by Western blotting analysis and calcium flux assays. Through the calcium flux assays on FlexStation 3, we got the EC50 value of neurotensin peptide which is the natural NTR1 agonist, and the IC 50 value of SR48692 which is the known NTR1 antagonist. The established human CHO/NTR1 cell line can be used to study the profile of NTR1 biological activity and further screen of NTR1 antagonists and agonists.
Animals ; CHO Cells ; Calcium Signaling ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Humans ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Quinolines ; pharmacology ; Receptors, Neurotensin ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

The inhibitory effects of two kinds of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors on the proliferation of human carcinoma of larynx Hep-2 in vitro and their corresponding mechanisms were investigated. Hep-2 cells were cultured with two kinds of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (Sc-58125 and Celecoxib) at various concentrations for 24 h. Morphological changes were observed under the phase microscopy and the growth suppression was detected by using MTT colorimetric assay. Apoptotic DNA fragments were observed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the cell cycle and apoptotic rate were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) respectively. Hep-2 cells became rounded and detached from the culture dish after being treated with Celecoxib for 24 h, however, they remained morphologically unchanged with Sc-58125. Sc-58125 could increase G2 phase cells, whereas, Celecoxib rose G1 phase cells. Both of the two effects were dose-dependent. Moreover, the Hep-2 cells cultured with 50 micromol/L and 100 micromol/L Celecoxib showed obvious apoptosis, with the nuclear DNA of cells exhibiting characteristic DNA ladder. So Sc-58125 could inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells by altering the G2 phase cells. However, Celecoxib had the same effect by changing the G1 phase cells and inducing apoptosis at higher concentration.
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/*pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Laryngeal Neoplasms/*pathology ; Pyrazoles/*pharmacology ; Sulfonamides/*pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Celecoxib on the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and CD117 expression of K562 cells, and to explore its synergistic effect with IFN-alpha. K562 cells were treated with IFN-alpha, Celecoxib and combination of Celecoxib with IFN-alpha at different concentrations. The inhibitory effect of Celecoxib and IFN-alpha on cell proliferation was detected with MTT assay, the cell apoptosis, cell cycle and CD117 expression were determined by morphology observation and flow cytometry. The results showed that the Celecoxib inhibited proliferation of K562 cells in concentration-dependent manner (r=-0.91). After culture of K562 cells for 72 hours, the rates of K562 cell proliferation in control group, IFN-alpha group, Celecoxib group and IFN-alpha-combined Celecoxib group were (96.1+/-0.5)%, (90.2+/-0.4)%, (57.2+/-0.9)% and (21.9+/-0.3)% respectively. The cell apoptosis rates in 4 groups were (5.5+/-0.8)%, (6.3+/-0.6)%, (26.4+/-3.9)% and (57.3+/-4.5)% respectively. The CD117 expression rates in 4 groups were 54.7%, 10.5%, 36.3% and 7.3% respectively. Combination of Celecoxib with IFN-alpha might block K562 cells in G0/G1 phase. In conclusion, Celecoxib and IFN-alpha both may inhibit K562 cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, reduce CD117 expression and produce G0/G1 phase block to various degree and the two drugs have a synergistic effect.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Celecoxib ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; pharmacology ; K562 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in inhibiting the migration of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca8113 cells.

METHODSThe effects of celecoxib on Tca8113 cell migration were tested using scrape motility assay, cell-matrix adhesion assay and Boyden chamber motility assay.

RESULTSFollowing a 24-hour incubation with 10 and 20 micromol/L celecoxib, the migration of Tca8113 cells was significantly decreased (Plt;0.05). Celecoxib treatment for 24 h also resulted in significantly decreased adhesion of Tca8113 cells on Fn-coated surface in a dose-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONCOX-2 inhibitor celecoxib can inhibit Tca8113 cell migration, the mechanism of which awaits further investigation.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Celecoxib ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Tongue Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To detect the effect of Celecoxib on the proliferation and apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2. METHOD: The growth inhibition rate of CNE-2 by Celecoxib was evaluated with MTT method. Apoptosis related morphology changes were observed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cell cycle and apoptosis were measured with flow cytometric method (FCM). Apoptotic index (AI) was counted by the TDT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULT: The growth of CNE-2 cell was inhibited by celecoxib in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis with nuclear chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, periplasm loss and the formation of apoptotic bodies was observed with TEM. Apoptotic rates of CNE-2 cells treated with 80 and 100 micromol/L celecoxib were (10.47+/-0.18)% and (20.17+/-0.55)% respectively, significantly higher than those of the control group (1.57+/-0.27)% with FCM. The percentage of G0/G1 phase cells increased, whereas the S and G2/M phases cells decreased in a dose-dependent manner after the treatment. TUNEL assay showed that the apoptosis ratio (AI) of CNE-2 treated with Celecoxib was higher than control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Celecoxib can inhibit the growth of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2 and induce the cell apoptosis, which may be related to blocking the cell cycle progress of CNE-2 cells.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Celecoxib ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and NAG-1 gene expression effected by Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) on colon cancer cell lines in vitro. The proliferation of colon cancer cells were determined by MTT assay and COX-2 protein expression were detected by Western blot. Total RNA was isolated from three kinds of colon cancer cell lines; the expressions of NAG-1 mRNA in the cells treated with or without NSAIDs were assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Celecoxib, meloxicam and aspirin were able to inhibit the growth of HT-29, SW480 and LS174-T cells in dose-dependent manner. COX-2 protein expressed in HT-29 and LS174-T, but not in SW480 cells. All of colon cancer cells expressed NAG-1 gene and the level of LS174-T was lower than that of the other two cell lines. NAG-1 expression was increased by treatment with some NSAIDs in all three kinds of colon cancer cells. NSAIDs were able to potentially inhibit the growth of colon cell lines. Induction of NAG-1 gene expression by NSAID was not consistent with COX-2 expression.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Aspirin ; pharmacology ; Celecoxib ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; HT29 Cells ; Humans ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Sulfonamides ; pharmacology ; Thiazines ; pharmacology ; Thiazoles ; pharmacology

AIMTo explore the effects of intrathecal injection of selective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibitor, SC-560, on mechanical allo dynia and spinal ERK protein expression in rats with postoperative pain.

METHODSRats were divided into 4 groups: control group, postoperative pain group, SC-560 group and DMSO group. Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), immunohistochemical and Western blotting technique were used to evaluate mechanical hypersensitivity and the expression of phospho-ERK in the spinal cord, respectively.

RESULTS(1) Behavior test rats developed allodynia 1 h after operation and SC-560 100 microg administrated intrathecally demonstrated a significant reduction in postoperative hypersensitivity. (2) Immunohistochemical staining Phospho-ERK positive neurons in the rat superficial spinal dorsal horn increased significantly 1 h after incision compared with that of non-incision group. Intrathecal administration of SC-560 preoperatively could significantly reduce the number of phospho-ERK positive neurons. (3) Western blot expression of phospho-ERK1/2 protein in the lumbar spinal cord increased significantly 1 h after incision and decreased by intrathecal injection of SC-560.

CONCLUSIONSC-560 administrated intrathecally can inhibit mechanical hypersensitivity induced by postoperative pain in rats and this anti-allodynic process may mediated by spinal ERK.

Animals ; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Male ; Pain Measurement ; drug effects ; Pain, Postoperative ; metabolism ; Pyrazoles ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; metabolism