No abstract available.
Osteosarcoma* ; Retinoblastoma*

PURPOSE: To determine the frequency and distribution of parenchymal changes on mammography before and after hormone replacement therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammograms of 100 postmenopausal women who underwent hormone replacement therapy without breast disease were evaluated. Mammograms obtained annually after hormone replacement were analysed and compared with that of pretreatment. In addition, mammograms of control group and treatment group were compared. RESULTS: An increase in density of breast parenchyma was seen on the mammogram of 20 women(20%) receiving therapy. The mammograms from the control group showed no change. Mammographic changes were detected at first year in 13 women, 2nd year in 4 women, 3rd year in 2 women, and 4th year in 1 woman (average,19 months). CONCLUSION: We conclude that increase in mammographic density following postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy is not uncommon(20%).
Breast Diseases ; Breast* ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy* ; Female ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Mammography*

BACKGROUND: The quality control for genetic tests would be of great importance as the test volume and clinical demands increase dramatically. Diagnostic genetics subcommittee of KSQACL performed two trials for cytogenetics and molecular genetics surveys in 2009. METHODS: A total of 67 laboratories participated in the cytogenetic surveys, 30 laboratories participated in the FISH surveys, and 94 laboratories participated in the molsecular genetics surveys in 2009. RESULTS: Almost of them showed acceptable results. However, some laboratories showed unacceptable results for the karyotype nomenclature and detection of complex cytogenetic abnormalities in hematologic neoplasms, and most of them except one showed acceptable results in FISH surveys. The molecular genetics surveys included various tests: M. tuberculosis detection, hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) detection and quantification, human papilloma virus (HPV) genotyping, Influenza A (H1N1) detection, gene rearrangement tests for leukemias and lymphomas, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotyping, hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2), and genetic tests for achondroplasia (FGFR3), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), JAK2, BRAF, hereditary disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, Huntington disease (HD), spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA), Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome (PWS/AS), mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS), myoclonic epilepsy ragged red fiber (MERRF), wilson disease (ATP7B) and cancer-associated genes (KRAS). Molecular genetic surveys showed excellent results in most of the participants. CONCLUSIONS: External quality assessment program for genetic analysis in 2009 was proved to be helpful in continuous education and evaluation of quality improvement.
Achondroplasia ; Acidosis, Lactic ; Apolipoproteins ; Breast ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cytogenetics ; Epilepsies, Myoclonic ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 ; Gene Rearrangement ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Hepatitis B ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; Humans ; Huntington Disease ; Influenza, Human ; Karyotype ; Korea ; Leukemia ; Lymphoma ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies ; Molecular Biology ; Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Papilloma ; Quality Control ; Quality Improvement ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias ; Tuberculosis ; Viruses

PURPOSE: Wilms tumor is the most common malignant renal tumor in children. We investigated the epidemiology, clinical features and treatment outcome of the children with Wilms tumor in Korea during the recent 10 years. METHODS: Two hundred forty six patients were enrolled between January 1991 and December 2000 from 26 major hospitals in Korea. The data regarding the clinical features including sex, age, pathologic type, prognostic factor and treatment outcome of patients were analyzed retrospectively by review of patient's medical records. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed, The differences between groups were analyzed by log-rank test. RESULTS: There were 130 males and 116 females. The incidence between the age of 1~4 years was the highest with 66.2%. The annual incidence rate per 1, 000, 000 population varied from 1.9 to 2.1. The 10 years overall survival rate according to sex, clinical stage, pathologic type and relapse were as follows: 88.6% in male, 90.9% in female, 100% in stage I, 94.7% in stage II, 92.1% in stage III, 63.4% in stage IV, 85.7% in stage V, 95.3% in favorable histology, 64.1% in unfavorable histology, 94.8% in non-relapse, and 40.9% in relapse. The relapse rate was 12%. The 10 years overall survival rate of 246 patients were 89.1%. CONCLUSION: Our results could provide the most recent and important clinical information on Wilms tumor of children in Korea.
Child ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Korea* ; Male ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Wilms Tumor*