No abstract available.
Fee Schedules* ; Fees and Charges*

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulin G* ; Influenza, Human*

No abstract available.
Immunoglobulins* ; Lactoglobulins* ; Milk*

Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome is an X-linked disorder characterized by recurrent infection, thrombocypenia and eczema. Various defects in cell-mediated immunity and deficient antibody reponse to carbohydrate antigens have been described. We experienced a case of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome of 28 months old male patient. He has been suffered from multiple petechiae with bleeding, recurrent pyogenic infections and generalized eczema since 3 months of age. Immunological abnormalities are as follows: 1) Serum IgM was gradually decreased, while IgA and IgE were increased. 2) Antibody response against polysaccharide antigen (PRP) was not observed after 3 times of PRPT immunization. 3) CD4/CD8 ratio was reversed (0.6). 4) Proliferative response of mononuclear cells was significantly reduced, and CMI skin test also showed negative results. A brief review of literature was made.
Antibody Formation ; Child, Preschool ; Eczema ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin E ; Immunoglobulin M ; Male ; Purpura ; Skin Tests ; Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Ectoderm*

PURPOSE: Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) is a hereditary multi-systemic disease resulting from mutations of AT gene and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, cancer, immune system defects, and hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation. AT gene has a homologue sequence of PI3-kinase. The activity and cellular function of PI3-kinase in AT gene remains unclear. This study was undertaken to evaluate the function of AT gene through the effect on cell survival and differentiation by the inhibition of AT gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NH2-terminal portion of AT gene was isolated from MCF-7 cells by RT-PCR. The isolated DNA fragment was ligated in reverse orientation in pcDNA3. This antisense ATM expression vector was transfected to PC-12 cells by calcium phosphate method, and the transformed cells were selected using G418 and immunohisto- chemistry. To analyze the cell survival and differentiation, cells were cultured in serum free medium supplemented with/without NGF. We performed the immunoprecipitation for the p53 induction of cells after ionizing radiation, and the FACS for the apoptosis of cells after the exposure of wortmanin. RESULTS: PC-12 cells which down-regulated AT gene (like ATM, AT mutated) showed decreased survival and ceased differentiation with NGF. Also, PC-12 (ATM) cells showed increased apoptosis with wortmanin and reduced or delayed p53 induction after ionizingradiation. CONCLUSION: Results obtained from these studies suggest that AT gene regulates survival and differentiation of PC-12 cells through PI3-kinase activity. It seems that apoptosis is induced by the inhibition of AT gene expression.
Apoptosis ; Ataxia Telangiectasia ; Calcium ; Cell Survival ; Chemistry ; DNA ; Gene Expression ; Hypersensitivity ; Immune System ; Immunoprecipitation ; MCF-7 Cells ; Nerve Growth Factor ; Phenotype* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Radiation, Ionizing

The Korean government is preparing the Basic Law on Service Industry Development(BLID). The final aim of the BLID is to improve competition and productivity in service industries. Industrialization and privatization generally result in the pursuit of profit. Health services are one of the services covered by the BLID. There are arguments that health services areone of the service industries that pursue profit on a preferential basis. Health services first pursue equity and then efficiency. There is an existing law for health services called the Basic Law on Health Care(BLHC). The BLHC contains the main contents of the BLID, but the aims of these two laws are different. Therefore, health services should be regulated by the BLHC, not the BLID, because health services are means of ensuring citizen's health, not profit.
Efficiency ; Health Services ; Jurisprudence* ; Privatization*

The Korean government is preparing the Basic Law on Service Industry Development(BLID). The final aim of the BLID is to improve competition and productivity in service industries. Industrialization and privatization generally result in the pursuit of profit. Health services are one of the services covered by the BLID. There are arguments that health services areone of the service industries that pursue profit on a preferential basis. Health services first pursue equity and then efficiency. There is an existing law for health services called the Basic Law on Health Care(BLHC). The BLHC contains the main contents of the BLID, but the aims of these two laws are different. Therefore, health services should be regulated by the BLHC, not the BLID, because health services are means of ensuring citizen's health, not profit.
Efficiency ; Health Services ; Jurisprudence* ; Privatization*

No abstract available.
Antibody Formation* ; Chickenpox*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Plasma* ; Renin*