No abstract available.
Methemoglobinemia*

Spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis is one of the major causes of the low back pain and orthopaedic surgeons frequently encounter this problems with increasing tendency. In 19th century, spondylolisthesis had been studied by the European obstetrician as the main cause of dystocia. Advancement of the radiological techniques enabled us to know more precise degree of slipping. Therefore, many surgical techniques have been used. Spondylolysis has been also studied as the precursor of the spondylolisthesis. This report is based upon the analysis of the records of 26 patients who had operated at the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of National Medical Center from 1972 to 1981. The results were as follows. 1. Most common age group was 30–50 age group and theres no sexual difference. 2. Most common symptoms were lumbago and radiating pain and the most common sign was Lasegue sign. 3. Most common type was isthmic type and location was 5th lumbar vertebra, and degree of slipping was grade I by Meyerding's method. 4. The fusion of the grafted bone were observed in 24 cases among 26 cases: of which the duration were 3 months in 16 cases and remaining 8 cases had duration between 3 and 6 months. 5. Postoperative analysis under the basis of the functional recovery was satisfactory in 93% of cases by Gill's criteria.
Dystocia ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Methods ; Pregnancy ; Spine ; Spondylolisthesis ; Spondylolysis ; Surgeons ; Transplants

No abstract available in English.
Gangrene

This is an autopsy-verifed case of the generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease occuring in a male fetus of a weeks gestation. The fetus revealed hydrocephalus and focal necrosis of brain, focal subcapsular necrosis of liver, and the typical cytomegalic inclusion cells having large acidophilic intranuclear inclusions in the liver, brain, kidney, lung, adrenal gland, pancreas and chorionic villi. Prominent extramedullary hematopoiesis was noted in the liver and kidney. Immuohistochemical staining using anti-cytomegalovirus antibody revealed intranuclear or occasionally intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity in brain, liver, pancreas, lung, kidney, and intestine.
Male ; Humans

This is an autopsy-verifed case of the generalized cytomegalic inclusion disease occuring in a male fetus of a weeks gestation. The fetus revealed hydrocephalus and focal necrosis of brain, focal subcapsular necrosis of liver, and the typical cytomegalic inclusion cells having large acidophilic intranuclear inclusions in the liver, brain, kidney, lung, adrenal gland, pancreas and chorionic villi. Prominent extramedullary hematopoiesis was noted in the liver and kidney. Immuohistochemical staining using anti-cytomegalovirus antibody revealed intranuclear or occasionally intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity in brain, liver, pancreas, lung, kidney, and intestine.
Male ; Humans

A total of 30 cases of cerebral gliomas, including 6 cases of low grade astrocytomas, 6 anaplasticastrocytoomas and l8 glioblastomas multiforme, was examined immunohistochemically to demonstrate the overexpression of mutant forms of p53 protein and to evaluate their relationships with histological subtypes. A p53 monoclonal antibody was applied to the routine formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues for this study using microwave-assisted avidin-biotin method. Overexpression of p53 protein was identified in 4 out of 6 anaplastic astrocytomas (66.7%) and in l3 out of l8 glioblastomas multiforme (72.2%). No immunohistochemical positivity of p53 was found in adjacent normal brain tissue, gliosis and 6 cases of astrocytoma. These results suggest that overexpression of mutant p53 may be an important step in the development and progression of malignant astrocytoma, especially of the aggressive subtypes of glioma, including glioblastoma multiforme.
Humans

BACKGROUND: There were several studies for the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux associated with the laryngeal mask airway(LMA), but the results of those studies were much different much different from one another. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and regurgitation of gastric contents between the LMA and the endotracheal tube(ETT). METHOD: Ninety patients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery with a standardized general anesthetic technique were randomly allocated to receive either a LMA(n-49) or a ETT(n=41) for airway management. The esophageal manometry was carried out for the exclusion of esophageal motility disorders and the 24-hour ambulatory pH metry was done from one day before the operation. A methylene blue(50mg) capsule was swallowed just before the induction and the simultaneous recordings of pH were maintained during anesthesia. At the end of anesthesia, the episodes of regurgitation of gastric contents above hypopharynx were analyzed by the pharyngeal blue staining and the pH metric data were analyzed for the detection of gastroesophageal relux episodes during anesthesia. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of gastroesophageal relux(pH< or =4) between two groups; only two patients in LMA and three patients in ETT had reflux episodes during the removal or arousal phase. There was no episode of the pharyngeal blue staining in both group. All of the gastroesophageal reflux patients in both group developed a cough or straining during those phases. There was no clinical evidence of aspiration of gastric contents in both group. CONCLUSION: In comparison with ETT, use of LMA does not appear to increase the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and regurgitation above hypophryngeal level in positive pressure ventilating patients during long surgical procedures. Therefore, the risk of aspiration in LMA will not be much more than ETT.
Airway Management ; Anesthesia ; Arousal ; Cough ; Esophageal Motility Disorders ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypopharynx ; Incidence ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Manometry ; Masks* ; Orthopedics

No abstract available.
Humans

Malaria remains one of the leading health burdens in the developing world, especially in several sub-Saharan Africa countries; and Uganda has some of the highest recorded measures of malaria transmission intensity in the world. It is evident that the prevalence of malaria infection, the incidence of disease, and mortality from severe malaria remain very high in Uganda. Although the recent stable political and economic situation in the last few decades in Uganda supported for a fairly good appreciation of malaria control, the declines in infection, morbidity, and mortality are not sufficient to interrupt transmission and this country is among the top 4 countries with cases of malaria, especially among children under 5 years of age. In fact, Uganda, which is endemic in over 95% of the country, is a representative of challenges facing malaria control in Africa. In this study, we evaluated an active case detection program in 6 randomly selected villages, Uganda. This program covered a potential target population of 5,017 individuals. Our team screened 12,257 samples of malaria by active case detection, every 4 months, from February 2015 to January 2017 in the 6 villages (a total of 6 times). This study assessed the perceptions and practices on malaria control in Kiyuni Parish of Kyankwanzi district, Uganda. Our study presents that the incidence of malaria is sustained high despite efforts to scale-up and improve the use of LLINs and access to ACDs, based on the average incidence confirmed by RDTs.
Africa ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Child ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Malaria ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Uganda

Infection status of intestinal flukes was investigated in residents of Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 1,257 fecal samples of residents were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation technique and Kato-Katz thick smear method. Helminth eggs were detected from 95 (7.6%) residents, and eggs of heterophyid flukes and Clonorchis sinensis were found from 62 (4.9%) and 40 (3.2%) cases, respectively. The larger heterophyid eggs, somewhat dark-brown in color and 37.7 x 21.5 micrometer in average size, and found in 32 (2.6%) out of 62 egg positive cases of heterophyid flukes. To confirm the adult flukes, we performed worm recovery from 12 cases after praziquantel treatment and purgation with MgSO4. A total of 1,281 adult flukes, assigned to 7 species, were recovered from 9 cooperative cases. Heterophyes nocens (total 981 specimens) was collected from 9 cases, Stictodora fuscata (80) from 7, Gymnophalloides seoi (75) from 5, Pygidiopsis summa (140) from 3, Stellantchasmus falcatus (3) from 2, and Stictodora lari and Acanthotrema felis (each 1 worm) from 1 case each. The intrauterine eggs of S. fuscata collected from the recovered worm were identical with the larger heterophyid eggs detected in the stool examination. By the present study, it was confirmed that A. felis is a new intestinal fluke infecting humans, and residents in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do are infected with variable species of intestinal trematodes.