PURPOSE: To study the relationship between the prevalence of myopia and both urbanization and increased education level. METHODS: We performed noncycloplegic autorefraction in 12, 207 nineteen-year-old Korean conscripts. In order to analyze the relationship between prevalence of myopia and urbanization, we divided the subjects into two groups: urban and rural. To analyze the relationship between the prevalence of myopia and the level of education, we categorized the subjects into three groups: college education (>or=13 years), high school education (10-12 years), and primary education ( Education* ; Humans ; Male* ; Myopia* ; Prevalence* ; Urbanization* ; Young Adult*