Background: The collagen fibrillar framework of the liver is presumed not only to mechanically support the tissue, but also to form a microenvironment for hepatocytes and cells in the Disse’s space. It has long been considered that the collagen fibers in the liver provide the endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids with a scaffold, while their excessive accumulation in the hepatic parenchyma is associated with the chronicity of liver diseases and the development of cirrhosis. Purpose: To define detailed organization of the collagen fibrils of the liver. Materials and methods: Collagen fibrils were taken from the livers of 5 male and female cadavers who died not from liver diseases at the ages from 35 to 55. Light microscopy of hematoxylin-eosin stained liver tissues confirmed that the materials had no significant pathological changes. The collagen fibrils of the liver were extracted and observed according to our cell-maceration/SEM method. Results: The alkali-water maceration of the liver at room temperature consistently removed all of the cellular elements with their basal lamina, and left collagen fibrils in their natural locations and shapes, thus revealing the continuum of the collagen fibrillar network under the SEM. The diameter of collagen fibrils was around 57 nm. The collagen fibrillar layer of the liver capsule was about 70- 100 µm in thickness. The capsular layer consisted of collagen fibrillar bundles (0.2-4µm in diameter) of densely packed parallel collagen fibrils. Deriving from between such bundles were many collagen fibrils, they wound independently for some distance and then again fused with the bundles. There were many bundles of collagen fibrils that connected the capsular collagen layer to the collagen fibrillar sheaths for housing the hepatic sinusoids. There were no collagen fibrillar septa delimiting the hepatic lobules, instead, collagen fibrillar sheaths for the sinusoids were continuum throughout the liver. Normal human livers contained 12.0 mg of collagen fibrils/g wet tissue. Both type I and III collagens have been demonstrated immunehistochemically in normal liver.

Background: Studying the human embryonic and fetal organ systems development patterns and determining their quantitative indicators is of scientific and practical importance in medicine and health in every nation.
Distortions and pathologies during the development of the embryo are the causes of congenital disabilities. Among the congenital malformations, facial malformations are the 3rd place, including cleft lip and palate in 70% and Srouzon's syndrome in 30%. In addition, abnormalities due to changes in the size, shape, and position of the jaw are also mentioned in the 2021.04.21 issue of Morphology magazine in the study "Morphometric parameters of the bones of the skull and face during the development of newborns and fetuses". In our country, Ariuntuul G (2005) determined that cleft lip and cleft palate occur at 0.76/1000 or 1 in 1314 live births, while Ayanga G (2012) found that it occurs at 1 in 1072 live births or 0.93/1000. Moreover, the eye cup dimensions of Mongolian fetuses aged 16 36 weeks have a positive linear relationship with the gestational age determined using ultrasound by Nandintsetseg B (2015) et al. Compared with the other countries, the eyecup is slightly wider, and the outer edge distance is similar, whereas the inner edge distance is shorter. Purpose: To summarize research work and determine the embryonic development of bones involved in the formation of the face and facial parts, the period of bone formation, the point of ossification, and the period of formation. Methods: During fetal development, human organ systems grow and develop at different rates but in a particular relationship. This feature of growth and development is also clearly observed in the structure of the head and facial bones, and the results of researchers who have studied this aspect are selected in the articles. Results: Embryonic and fetal development of bone are clinically significant not only from the point of view of its morphogenesis but also from the point of view of congenital disabilities. Conclusion In the analysis of the sources, most of the works on the prenatal period of the development of the same body have studied the development of specific structures of the face and facial area, such as the palatine bones and nasal bones, or have generally covered the development of particular systems in the embryo and fetus, and face, there are relatively few works that show the entire dynamics of growth and development of facial bones.