This study evaluated the microleakage of three restorative materials and three tricalcium silicate-based pulp capping agents. The restorative materials were composite resin (CR), resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement (RMGI), and traditional glass ionomer cement (GIC) and the pulp capping agents were TheraCal LC® (TLC), Biodentine® (BD), and ProRoot® white MTA (WMTA). Additionally, shear bond strengths between the pulp-capping agents and dentine were compared.Class V cavities were made in bovine incisors and classified into nine groups according to the type of pulp-capping agent and final restoration. After immersion in 0.5% fuchsin solution, each specimen was observed with a stereoscopic microscope to score microleakage level. The crowns of the bovine incisors were implanted into acrylic resin, cut horizontally, and divided into three groups. TLC, BD and WMTA blocks were applied on dentine, and the shear bond strengths were measured using a universal testing machine.The microleakage was lowest in TLC + GIC, TLC + RMGI, TLC + CR, and BD + GIC groups and highest in WMTA + RMGI and WMTA + CR groups. The shear bond strength of BD group was the highest and that of WMTA group was significantly lower than the others.
Crowns ; Dental Pulp Capping ; Dentin ; Glass Ionomer Cements ; Immersion ; Incisor ; Pemetrexed ; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents ; Rosaniline Dyes

UNLABELLEDOBJECTIVE To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composites (nHA-PA66) as a pulp capping agent.

METHODSThe micro-organisims used in this study included Streptococcous mutans (S. mutans), Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) and Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus), three standard bacterial strains predominant in deep carious lesions. Agar diffusion test was used to determine the diameter of bacterial inhibition zones of nHA-PA66 compared with hydroxyapatite paste, calcium hydroxide paste and nHA-PA66 mixed with iodoform paste.

RESULTSIt showed that the polymerized films and fresh paste of nHA-PA66 had no antimicrobial activity to S. mutans and very little to L. casei and A. viscosus. The antimicrobial activity of nHA-PA66 mixed with iodoform paste obviously increased, but no significant difference compared with calcium hydroxide paste. There, was no antimicrobial activity of hydroxyapatite paste to the three test bacterial strains.

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest nHA-PA66 used as pulp capping agent alone almost has no antimicrobial effect to the three test bacteria, but the antimicrobial activity can be increased by combining with iodoform.

Anti-Infective Agents ; Durapatite ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Nylons ; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents

The long-term effect of direct pulp capping and pulpotomy is closely related to the type of pulp capping materials. Various kinds of direct pulp capping materials are available, such as calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregates. Diverse new pulp capping materials have been reported recently. The excellent performance of calcium silicates has attracted much attention in previous studies. Moreover, enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain), which is capable of regeneration and remineralization, and other materials with similar capabilities have shown potential for use in pulp capping.
Aluminum Compounds ; Calcium Compounds ; Calcium Hydroxide ; Dental Pulp ; Dental Pulp Capping ; Drug Combinations ; Oxides ; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents ; Pulpotomy ; Root Canal Therapy ; Silicates

This study was performed to verify the possibility of MTA and calcium sulfate as a pulp capping agent through comparing the dental pulp response in dogs after capping with MTA, calcium sulfate, and calcium hydroxide. 24 teeth of 2 dogs, 8 month old, were used in this study. Under general anesthesia, cervical cavities were prepared and pulp was exposed with sterilized #2 round bur in a high speed handpiece. MTA, calcium hydroxide, and calcium sulfate were applied on the exposed pulp. Then the coronal openings were sealed with IRM and light-cured composite. Two months after treatment, the animals were sacrificed. The extracted teeth were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution and were decalcified in formic acid-sodium citrate. They were prepared for histological examination in the usual manner. The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. In MTA group, a hard tissue bridges formation and newly formed odontoblasts layer was observed. There was no sign of pulp inflammatory reaction in pulp tissue. In calcium hydroxide group, there was no odontoblast layer below the dentin bridge. In pulpal tissue, chronic inflammatory reaction with variable intensity and extension occurred in all samples. In calcium sulfate group, newly formed odontoblast layer was observed below the bridge. Mild chronic inflammation with a few neutrophil infiltrations was observed on pulp tissue. These results suggest that MTA is more biocompatible on pulp tissue than calcium hydroxide or calcium sulfate.
Anesthesia, General ; Animals ; Calcium Hydroxide* ; Calcium Sulfate* ; Calcium* ; Citric Acid ; Dental Pulp ; Dental Pulp Capping ; Dentin ; Dogs ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Neutrophils ; Odontoblasts ; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents ; Tooth ; Pemetrexed

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in rat dental pulp after direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide (CH) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

METHODSSamples from 42 Wistar rats were immediately collected at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after direct pulp capping with CH and MTA. Pulp tissues were studided with immunohistochemical stain. Software for image analysis was used to test the optical density of each specimen. The data were analyzed by paired t-test and Dunnett-t test with SPSS 11.5.

RESULTSIn normal pulp, the stain of iNOS was negative. After direct pulp capping with CH or MTA, iNOS expression demonstrated weakly positive, positive, weakly positive, negative at different time, the expression was low immediately after capping but became strong after 3 days. Until 7 days the stain became less positive gradually and at 21 days the stain approached normal. The expression was mainly at the fibroblasts, odontoblasts, vascular endothelial cells, neutrophils, etc near the bottom of the pulp capping agent. The diffence of iNOS expression was significant 3 days after direct pulp capping with this two capping agents.

CONCLUSIONAfter direct pulp capping, iNOS expression increasd at first and then decreased, the diffence of capping agents will have an impact on the expression of iNOS 3 days after direct pulp capping.

Aluminum Compounds ; Animals ; Calcium Compounds ; Calcium Hydroxide ; Dental Pulp ; Dental Pulp Capping ; Drug Combinations ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Oxides ; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Root Canal Therapy ; Silicates

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of iRoot BP Plus, a novel bioceramic material, and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) by comparing the clinical and radiographic results of pulpotomy in human primary molars, and to find out the influence factor. METHODS: Children who had at least one primary molar diagnosed as pulpitis, and received pulpotomy in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January, 2017 to December, 2018 were searched by the selection criteria in the Electronic Medical Record Database of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The molars with the pulp capping agents were iRoot BP Plus or MTA were included, and the molars with other pulp capping agents were excluded. Molars using iRoot BP Plus were selected into the experimental group (iRoot BP Plus group). Molars using MTA were selected into the control group (MTA group) using propensity score matching model (1 ∶ 1), considering the gender, age, tooth position, the title of clinician, pulp status, restoration and length of follow-up as the potential influence factor. Basic information, the relevant medical records including symptoms, clinical and radiographic examination before and after operation, intraoperative information and follow up examination records were collected. The success rates were compared and the influence factors were analyzed respectively. RESULTS: The study included 132 children, 178 molars (89 molars from each group) and the mean follow-up time was (462±99) days by December, 2019. In the iRoot BP Plus group, 9 molars failed whilst 6 molars failed in MTA group. The success rate was 89.9% and 93.3%, respectively, showing no significant difference between the two groups. Through Cox proportional risk model analysis, the success rate of iRoot BP Plus was significantly lower when the pulp status was poor, while other factors including age, tooth position, title of clinician and restoration were not found to be associated with the clinical outcome. CONCLUSION Pulpotomy of human primary molars with iRoot BP Plus has the same effectiveness with MTA. The pulp status is the main factor that influences the outcome of iRoot BP Plus. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up terms are needed.
Child ; Humans ; Pulpotomy/methods* ; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents ; Pemetrexed ; Silicates/therapeutic use* ; Aluminum Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Calcium Compounds ; Oxides ; Molar/surgery* ; Drug Combinations ; Treatment Outcome ; Tooth, Deciduous

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the volume change of rat root following direct pulp capping with mineral triozide aggregate(MTA) and calcium hydroxide-based paste (Vitapex) .

METHODSSixty-four female, 1-month-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, MTA group, Vitapex group, model group and control group, 16 rats in each group. The right maxillary first molar was taken as experimental tooth and control tooth. The exposed pulp was capped separately with MTA and calcium hydroxide after the pulp had been exposed mechanically, while nothing done to the control group. Using micro-CT and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques, the volume change of rat root was evaluated at 1, 2, 4 weeks and 6 weeks after direct pulp capping. The data were analyzed by an way ANOVA analysis followed by a LSD-t test.

RESULTSThe root volume in the MTA group[(1.08 ± 0.07), (1.32 ± 0.18) mm(3)] was significantly smaller than that in the Vitapex group[(1.28 ± 0.16), (1.59 ± 0.18) mm(3)] at 2 and 4 weeks after operation (P < 0.05) . At the sixth week , there was no significant difference between the MTA group [(1.36 ± 0.03) mm(3)] and the Vitapex group[(1.61 ± 0.31) mm(3)] (P > 0.05) . The root volume in the MTA group and Vitapex group was significantly larger than that in the model group [(0.87 ± 0.09), (1.01 ± 0.17) , (1.02 ± 0.25) mm(3)] from the second to sixth week after operation (P < 0.05) .

CONCLUSIONSMTA and Vitapex can effectively promote root formation and growth and can be used as biological pulp-capping material.

Aluminum Compounds ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium Compounds ; pharmacology ; Calcium Hydroxide ; pharmacology ; Dental Pulp ; drug effects ; Dental Pulp Capping ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Molar ; diagnostic imaging ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; pharmacology ; Silicates ; pharmacology ; Silicones ; pharmacology ; Tooth Root ; drug effects ; X-Ray Microtomography