No abstract available.
Balloon Valvuloplasty* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis* ; Pulmonary Valve*

No abstract available.
Mitral Valve Stenosis* ; Pulmonary Infarction*

No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis*

Repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has shown excellent outcomes. However it leaves varying degrees of residual hemodynamic impairment, with severe pulmonary stenosis (PS) and free pulmonary regurgitation (PR) at both ends of the spectrum. Since the 1980s, studies evaluating late outcomes after TOF repair revealed the adverse impacts of residual chronic PR on RV volume and function; thus, a turnaround of operational strategies has occurred from aggressive RV outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction for complete relief of RVOT obstruction to conservative RVOT reconstruction for limiting PR. This transformation has raised the question of how much residual PS after conservative RVOT reconstruction is acceptable. Besides, as pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) increases in patients with RV deterioration from residual PR, there is concern regarding when it should be performed. Regarding residual PS, several studies revealed that PS in addition to PR was associated with less PR and a small RV volume. This suggests that PS combined with PR makes RV diastolic property to protect against dilatation through RV hypertrophy and supports conservative RVOT enlargement despite residual PS. Also, several studies have revealed the pre-PVR threshold of RV parameters for the normalization of RV volume and function after PVR, and based on these results, the indications for PVR have been revised. Although there is no established strategy, better understanding of RV mechanics, development of new surgical and interventional techniques, and evidence for the effect of PVR on RV reverse remodeling and its late outcome will aid us to optimize the management of TOF.
Dilatation ; Heart Failure ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Mechanics ; Pulmonary Valve ; Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is an index lesion for all paediatric and congenital heart surgeons. In designing an appropriate operation for children with TOF, the predicted postoperative physiology must be taken into account, both for the short and long term. A favourable balance between pulmonary stenosis (PS) and pulmonary insufficiency (PI) may be critical for preservation of biventricular function. A unified repair strategy to limit both residual PS and PI is presented, along with supportive experimental evidence. A strategy for dealing with coronary anomalies and some comments regarding best timing of operation are also included.
Child ; Heart ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Pulmonary Valve ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Tetralogy of Fallot

No abstract available.
Cardiac Catheterization* ; Cardiac Catheters* ; Echocardiography* ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis*

Univentricular heart, or single ventricle, is characterized by the entire flow from the two atria being carried directly through the left and right AV valves into the single ventricular chamber. According to the morphologic structure of the ventricle, univentricular heart is classified as left ventricular type, right ventricular type and rarely intermediate type. Natural survival depends primarily on factors that limit pulmonary blood flow, such as an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance or the presence of pulmonic stenosis. Other variables of survival include the morphologic type of single ventricle, the great artery anatomy and the adequacy of the atrioventricular connection. To our knowledge, this is first report in our country of a patient with single ventricle of left ventricular morphology who naturally survived into the second decade of life.
Arteries ; Heart* ; Humans ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Vascular Resistance

BACKGROUND: Alterations in ventricular loading conditions lead to changes in action potential duration via mechanoelectrical feedback. A decrease in load immediately leads to prolongation of repolarization. QT interval and QT dispersion were measured to determine the long-term effect of changes in ventricular systolic load on the ventricular repolarization. METHOD: Corrected QT interval and QT dispersion were measured in 26 patients before and 3-6 months after valvuloplasty for pulmonary stenosis. To determine the effect of ventricular load on ventricular repolarization, patients were divided in 2 groups; Group 1 was those patients with a greater than 30 mmHg and Group 2 was those patients with a less than 30 mmHg decrease in right ventricular systolic pressure. RESULTS: Corrected QT interval (412.6+/-14.5 msec vs 426.4+/-16.8 msec, p < 0.05) and QT dispersion (35.0+/-7.3 msec vs 45.7+/-14..1 msec, p < 0.05)were increased significantly only in Group 1 after vlavuloplasty. CONCLUSION: It suggested that mechanoelectrical interactions are operative for long duration in humans that changes in ventricular load after successful pulmonary valvuloplasty showed long-term effect on the ventricular repolarization.
Action Potentials ; Balloon Valvuloplasty* ; Blood Pressure ; Humans ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis*

A 17-year-old male patient was referred with symptoms of dyspnea. Multi-detector computerized tomography (MDCT) and echocardiography evaluation revealed quadricuspid aortic and pulmonary valves, an atrial septal defect (ASD), and pulmonary stenosis. We closed the ASD using a bovine patch and performed a commissurotomy of the pulmonary valve. Quadricuspid semilunar valves are very rare congenital abnormalities that are reported to occur nine times more frequently in the pulmonic valve than in the aortic valve. According to the Hurwitz and Roberts classification, the aortic valve was type A, and the pulmonic valve was type B. The aortic valve had normal function, but the pulmonic valve was stenotic and had abnormal function.
Adolescent ; Aortic Valve ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Valve ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis

A five-month-old boy who had undergone previously transcatheter balloon atrioseptostomy at 3 days of age for complete transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis underwent pulmonary root translocation with the Lecompte maneuver. This operation has the advantages of maintaining pulmonary valve function, preserving the capacity for growth, and avoiding problems inherent to the right ventricular to pulmonary artery conduit. This patient progressed well for 9 months postoperatively and we report this case of pulmonary root translocation with the Lecompte maneuver.
Arteries* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Valve ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis* ; Transposition of Great Vessels