Annexins ; Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology

Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology ; Silicosis ; pathology

Humans ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology* ; Lung/pathology*

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease, the cause is not yet clear. Pathological manifestations are abnormal repair changes resulting from sustained lung injury. Macrophages have been identified as playing a key role in IPF pathogenesis. In different local microenvironments, macrophages can exhibit either classically activated (M1) or alternately activated (M2) phenotypes. M1 plays a key role in promoting inflammatory response and is involved in the process of causing alveolar tissue injury. M2 is involved in wound healing and stopping lung inflammation. Previous studies have shown that activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) signaling is enhanced in pulmonary fibrosis and that 5-HT receptors play an important role in the observed pro-fibrotic effects. As a multifunctional signaling molecule, 5-HT is closely related to lung macrophage polarization, early lung tissue injury, abnormal proliferation and repair, and late extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. This article reviewed the role of 5-HT and M2 macrophages in the pathogenesis of IPF and the possible regulatory mechanism of 5-HT, in order to provide a reference for further research.
Humans ; Serotonin ; Macrophages ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Fibrosis

Pulmonary fibrosis is end-stage of variety of heterogeneous interstitial lung disease, characterizedby excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix deposition and destruction of lung parenchyma. Thyroid and lung are derived from the same endodermal cells, thyroid hormone affect the occurrence、development and prognosis of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and other lung diseases, This article reviews the role and mechanism of thyroid hormone in pulmonary fibrosis in order to provide new idea for the study of the role and mechanism of thyroid hormone in silicosis.
Humans ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Silicosis ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Fibroblasts ; Thyroid Hormones ; Fibrosis

Humans ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; chemically induced ; pathology

Pneumoconiosis is characterized by chronic lung inflammation and fibrosis, and inflammation can promote pulmonary fibrosis, which in turn leads to pneumoconiosis. When a large shadow with a long diameter of not less than 2 cm and a short diameter of not less than 1 cm appears in the lung, it can be classified as stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis. This paper reports a case of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis with a large shadow in the upper right lung accompanied by burr-like changes misdiagnosed as lung cancer by CT examination.When the large shadow lesions in patients with pneumoconiosis and lung cancer are difficult to distinguish on CT, an additional MRI examination, particularly T(2)W imaging sequence is useful sequence for identifying the two.
Humans ; Pneumoconiosis/pathology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology* ; Diagnostic Errors

Fibrosis can occur in different organs with high incidence rate and great danger. It still lacks effective drugs for prevention of fibrosis. Fluorofenidone is a newly developed drug with anti-fibrotic activity, which provides a new hope for treating the progressive fibrotic diseases. Recent studies have shown that fluorofenidone is a multifunctional small molecule with anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-apoptotic eff ects. It can inhibit the activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts, promote the degradation of extracellular matrix and regulate the cellular signal transmission. Fluorofenidone can be applied to attenuate the progression of renal, hepatic and pulmonary fibrosis.
Apoptosis ; Extracellular Matrix ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Pyridones ; pharmacology ; Signal Transduction

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and often fatal form of interstitial lung disease. Despite extensive efforts in research during recent years, the mechanisms of the disease remain poorly understood. Evidence of an inflammatory mechanism, both supportive and contrary, is briefly reviewed in this paper. However, growing evidence has indicated that the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) may be the early driving force of progression, with subsequent disrupted integrity of the alveolar-capillary basement membrane leading to an abnormal wound healing pathway. Thus, this paper will focus on outlining a process of pathogenesis of IPF from initial apoptosis of AECs to end lung remodeling.
Apoptosis ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Lung ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the morphological features of the lungs obtained from autopsies of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients.

METHODSBilateral lungs from 7 patients died from SARS were carefully studied grossly and microscopically. All tissues from these cases were routinely processed and carefully studied.

RESULTSAll lungs from these cases were extremely expanded and became solid. Microscopically, the edema and fibrin exudates in the alveoli was the most common findings, especially in the early phase of the disease. The hyaline membrane was almost always present in the lungs of these cases. The organization of intra-alveolar fibrin exudates along with the interstitial fibrosis led to obliteration of alveoli and consolidation of lungs. The desquamation and hyperplasia of alveolar lining cells was also apparent. Foci of haemorrhage and lobular pneumonia, even diffuse fungal infection were frequently seen in these specimens. Micro-thrombus were easily found in these lungs.

CONCLUSIONSThe lung of SARS from autopsy is characterized by edema, intra-alveolar fibrin exudates, hyaline membrane formation, organization of intra-alveolar exudates and fibrosis, which lead to the obliteration of alveoli and consolidation of lungs.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; pathology