No abstract available.
Pulmonary Circulation*

No abstract available.
Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Pulmonary Atresia* ; Ventricular Septum*

Humans ; Lung Diseases ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Vascular Diseases

China ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Pulmonary Circulation

Proximal interruption of unilateral pulmonary artery is an uncommon developmental anomaly. Patients without associated cardiac defects may remain asymptomatic but many develop recurrent pulmonary infections, hemoptysis, pneumonitis, bronchiectasis or pulmonary hypertension. We herein reported two cases of interruption of right pulmonary artery which were diagnosed beyond infancy. A remnant of patent ductus arteriosus was revealed on an angiogram in both cases. Surgical intervention could not be considered due to severe hypoplastic right pulmonary artery. Early surgical intervention should be considered to rescue a pulmonary circulation and prevent secondary lung hypoplasia.
Bronchiectasis ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Lung ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Pulmonary Circulation

BACKGROUND: Low frequency oscillation of systemic artery pressure was known as the marker of sympathetic modulation. Recently the low frequency oscillation of pulmonay artery pressure in pulmonary hypertensive patient was reported. But no further study about its quantitative relationshop and phasic coupling between the low frequency oscillation of pulmonary artery pressure and systemic artery pressure. Power spectral analysis with autoregressive algorithm and cross spectral analysis are powerful tool for investigation these relationship. METHOD: Analog signals of simultaneous measured left pulmonary and femoral artery pressure in thirty one patients with ventricular septal defect were digitized and stored. After modeling each time series with autoregressive algorithm, power spectral density function was obtained by calculation the frequency response function of each model, and then low frequency power was computed. Cross spectral density function provided squared coherence and phase spectrum. Phase between the low frquency oscillation of the two signal was measured from the phase spectrum when the squared coherence is above 0.5. RESULTS: The advantage of using autoregressive model was that the power spectral density function was continous and sharp spectral peak was usually found. In patients with Rp/Rs<0.25, the low frquency power of pulmonary artery pressure(12+/-12) was significantly smaller than that of the systemic artery pressure(144+/-242). In patients with Rp/Rs>or=0.25, there was no significant difference between the low frequency power of pulmonary artery pressure(384+/-461) and that of the systemic artery pressure(752+/-1241). In patients with Rp/Rs>or=0.25, it was more probable that low frequency oscillation of pulmonary and systemic artery pressure was timely coherent(sqaured coherence>0.5) than in patient with Rp/Rs<0.25. And their phase difference was 0~1.96 radian. CONCLUSION: Autoregressive algorithm is a more powerful tool for spectral analysis than the method of conventional spectrum estimation. When pulmonary vascular resistance remains low, the low frequency oscillation of pulmonary artery pressure was negligible compared to systemic artery pressure. But as pulmonary vascular resistance elevates, the low frequency power of pulmonary artery pressure is much the same as that of systemic artery pressure, and there is a explicit time realtionship that pulmonary artery pressure leads the systemic artery pressure about 0~3 seconds in the low frequency range.
Arteries ; Femoral Artery ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Circulation* ; Vascular Resistance

Animals ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Pulmonary Artery ; physiopathology ; Pulmonary Circulation

The Prevalence of pediatric pulmonary hypertension is rare in general population, and the etiology of this disease is diverse or unknown. But, in recent years, remarkable understanding of vascular biology, normal and hypertensive pulmonary circulation has made an effort to the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. These efforts are adapted the patients treatments with new advanced drugs. In this reviw, we discuss the definition and the clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension, current concepts in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and managements of pulmoanry hypertension. But, Despite of significant development of therapy, the patients with pulmonary hypertension in pediatric division are rare, so multicenter study in clinical setting is necessary to improve the quality of life and survival for them.
Biology ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Quality of Life

The Prevalence of pediatric pulmonary hypertension is rare in general population, and the etiology of this disease is diverse or unknown. But, in recent years, remarkable understanding of vascular biology, normal and hypertensive pulmonary circulation has made an effort to the pathophysiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. These efforts are adapted the patients treatments with new advanced drugs. In this reviw, we discuss the definition and the clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension, current concepts in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and managements of pulmoanry hypertension. But, Despite of significant development of therapy, the patients with pulmonary hypertension in pediatric division are rare, so multicenter study in clinical setting is necessary to improve the quality of life and survival for them.
Biology ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Quality of Life

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most advanced imaging techniques in clinical and research medicine. However, clinical application of MRI to the lung or thorax has been limited due to various drawbacks. Low signal intensity of the lung and cardiac and respiratory movements are the most serious problems with MRI in thorax. Nevertheless, MRI is superior to CT in some selected patients with thoracic diseases. The role of clinical MRI in thoracic disease has been widened with improvement of MR equipments and development of new pulse sequences. Otherwise, functional assessment of lung by MRI has been studied for the last decade. These include perfusion MRI with or without contrast enhancement and ventilation MRI with oxygen-enhancement or hyperpolarized noble gas, (3)He and (129)Xe.
Humans ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Perfusion ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Thoracic Diseases ; Thorax* ; Ventilation