ABSTRACTOBJECTIVE To observe the effect of active components from Lycii cortex on the proliferation of high glucose?in-duced glomerular mesangial cells GMCs and the secretion of extracellular matrix ECM.To investigate the protective mechanism of diabetic nephropathy.METHODS GMCs were cultured and divided into high glucose groupfinal glucose con-centration of 30 mmol/Lblank groupfinal glucose concentration of 5.5 mmol/Lbetaine and kaempferol groups of 5 dif-ferent concentrations of 0.010.1110100 μmol/L.The proliferation of high glucose?induced GMCs were observed by MTT method and secretion of ECM was detected by ELISA assay.RESULTS Different doses of betaine and kaempferol inhib-ited the proliferation of GMCsand decreased the content of ECMcompared with high glucose group P < 0.05 ~ 0.01. CONCLUSION Betaine and kaempferol can protect the high glucose?induced GMCs through inhibiting the proliferation of GMCs and decreasing the content of ECM.

OBJECTIVETo look for optimum extraction techniques for oleuropein by boiling olive leaves at low temperature and reduced pressure.

METHODAccording to single factor experiment (SFE) design, the effects of seven factors, the impact of seven factors, type of solvent, temperature, time, ratio of material to liquid, ethanol concentration, vacuum degree and extraction times, on extraction yield of oleuropein were investigated. Based on the results of SFE, four more important factors, temperature, time, ratio of material to liquid and ethanol concentration, were selected in L9 (3(4)) orthogonal experiment (OE) to compare with those extracted with traditional methods.

RESULTThe optimum conditions for boiling extraction of oleuropein at low temperature and reduced pressure were as follows: temperature 60 degrees C, time 20 min, ratio of material to liquid 1:30 and ethanol concentration 85%. The conditions presented an extraction yield of 5.90%.

CONCLUSIONCompared with traditional extraction methods and the ultrasound assisted extraction method, boiling extraction techniques at low temperature and reduced pressure were so quick and efficient that it has a good application prospect.

Iridoids ; Liquid-Liquid Extraction ; methods ; Olea ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Pressure ; Pyrans ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature