1.Predicting the surgical difficulty，complications and prognosis of kidney tumors based on anatomical features：advances in renal tumor scoring systems
Gen LI ; Yuhao YU ; Xuexing FAN ; Jincheng LI ; Jiasong LI ; Pugui LI ; Xiaopen CHEN ; He WANG ; Geng ZHANG ; Yong WANG
Journal of Modern Urology 2025;30(4):355-363
Renal tumor scoring systems can describe the anatomical characteristics of renal tumors. It is an important standard to evaluate the surgical complexity and to evaluate the surgical complexity and feasibility of partial nephrectomy. Scholars at home and abroad have established various scoring systems based on different anatomical parameters，such as R.E.N.A.L.，PADUA，C-Index，which are used to guide the clinical selection of surgical modalities，and predict perioperative complications and prognosis. In this paper，various scoring systems are grouped into three major categories according to their functions：prediction of surgical complexity，prediction of complications，and prediction of prognosis. The contents，characteristics and clinical application value of various renal tumor scoring systems are introduced in detail to guide urologists，enhance their surgical decision-making ability，and improve the clinical outcomes.
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