Literature search is a systematic and well-organized search from published data to identify good quality references on a specific topic. The search can be a simple involving just a couple of sources and done within an hour or so. It can also be comprehensive and thorough where it involves multiple sources. However, in EBFP main purpose of a literature search is to obtain only a few available but relevant and high-quality evidence that can help the family practitioner make a clinical decision. The first step in making evidence-based decision is to convert the clinical problem for decision-making into a clinical question. It should be phrased in a simple sentence that is relevant and specific to the clinical problem, interesting enough to warrant searching for the answer and will likely obtain the article to answer the question. Based on the formulated clinical question discussed previously, identifying the key terms to be used for the search is the next step. The key terms are usually based on the PICO or its variants, POEM, SPICE or ECLIPSE elements in the clinical question. Since it will only be a simple search in EBFP, it is recommended to look in PubMed. PubMed is the online version of Index Medicus produced by the US National Library of Medicine (NLM). If the article is not available in PubMed, Google Scholar is another free web search engine that indexes the full text of scholarly literature across an array of publication formats and disciplines. Other advice for an efficient literature search is also discussed.
PubMed

No abstract available.
*Databases, Bibliographic ; Humans ; Internet ; MEDLINE ; PubMed

It is our great pleasure to announce that the Taehan Kan Hakhoe Chi (The Korean Journal of Hepatology) was approved for listing, from 2002, in the Index Medicus, Medline/PubMed of the National Library of Medicine, NIH of USA. Herein, I review the searching tools employing a Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) such as liver disease and liver neoplasm or an author index for this Journal in the PubMed at a website. Of course, The Korean Journal of Hepatology should be continually striving to be upgraded. Dream comes true.
*Gastroenterology ; Information Storage and Retrieval/*methods ; Korea ; *MEDLARS ; *MEDLINE ; *PubMed

This is a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of ondemand tramadol for the treatment of lifelong premature ejaculation.

METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis with metaregression of trials evaluating the use of tramadol to treat premature ejaculation using intravaginal ejaculation latency time as a measure.Relevant studies were identified using PubMed, Ebscohost,MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library.

RESULTS: This analysis included 8 publications. Study of the intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) among 599 patients showed that tramadol was effective in subjects with premature ejaculation as seen by the significant difference in mean IELT of tramadol treated patients versus those receiving placebo (mean difference 2.43 minutes; 95% CI 0.93-3.93; P=0.002). The effect on IELT between tramadol and paroxetine was not statistically significant (mean difference -0.58; 95% CI -5.81 to 4.65; P=0.83).Meta-regression analysis showed that the lower the dose of tramadol,the higher its benefit in the prolongation of IELT, however, there was no significant difference (95% CI regression coefficient -0.0956 to 0.0322). There was a significant difference in adverse effects profile of tramadol versus placebo (risk ratio 2.48; 95% CI 1.55-3.98; overall effect Z= 3.79; P<0.0002) and overall therapeutic effectiveness between tramadol compared to placebo (risk ratio 0.55; 95% CI 0.46-0.67; P<0.00001).

CONCLUSION: On-demand tramadol is an effective treatment for lifelong premature ejaculation. It significantly prolongs the intravaginal ejaculation latency time. The overall adverse events and overall therapeutic effectiveness are significantly greater during treatment with tramadol.

Human ; Female ; Premature Ejaculation ; Ejaculation ; Tramadol ; Paroxetine ; Medline ; Pubmed

The methods for searching traditional Chinese medical literature in English with subject headings in PubMed-MEDLINE database were discussed from the practical view, and seven useful searching methods with free words according to practical experiences were put forward in order to assist the domestic TCM researchers to utilize PubMed-MEDLINE database in searching overseas TCM literature in English.
Information Storage and Retrieval ; methods ; MEDLINE ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Periodicals as Topic ; PubMed ; United States

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of topiramate on patients with essential tremors in the randomized clinical trials
BACKGROUND: Essential tremor is characterized by an action tremor that occurs upon voluntary muscle contraction such as postural or kinetic tremor. Essential Tremor is a common movement disorder that interferes with the performance motor tasks and social activities. As a consequence, patients experience a reduction in quality of life. Topiramate is a broad spectrum antiepileptic drug with a good safety profile in humans. Topiramate has been reported to be effective in the management of essential tremors.
METHODS: Meta-analysis of two randomized trials searched from PUBMED/MEDLINE, Google and Cochrane Library (2001 up to present). Comparisons were performed according to intent-to-treat principle. Data were run through the RevMan 5 statistical software. Heterogeneity of Tremor Rating Scale outcome was assessed using Chi-square test statistics. The z-test statistic used to test the overall effect of the mean final TRS difference and mean change TRS difference between two treatments.
RESULTS: A total of 270 patients were included. Overall, the results showed that topiramate is effective in decreasing the Tremor Rating Scale score compared with placebo (CI 95%).
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, topiramate is better than the , placebo in reducing the Tremor Rating Scale score in this two randomized controlled trials. It showed that topiramate (n = 140) was significantly (p < 0.00001) more effective than placebo in improving TRS scores in patients with essential tremor.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Anticonvulsants ; Essential Tremor ; Fructose ; Medline ; Muscle Contraction ; Pubmed ; Quality Of Life ; Tremor

INTRODUCTION: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a serious but preventable complication of coronary procedures. Trimetazidine (TMZ) has recently been explored for use in preventing post-procedural CIN due to its cellular anti-ischemic and antioxidant properties. The objective is to assess the efficacy of oral TMZ in the prevention of contrast induced nephropathy during elective coronary angiography and PCI among patients with renal impairment.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Pubmed/ MEDLINE, EMBASE, clinicaltrials.gov for articles published until June 2016 for randomized controlled trials examining the effects of adding oral TMZ to standard therapy in preventing CIN. Outcome measures were incidence of CIN, defined as a 0.5 mg/dl or ?25% increase in serum creatinine 48-72 hours after contrast exposure, and incidence of dialysisrequiring CIN. Validity of studies was assessed through a risk assessment tool available from Cochrane. Treatment effect was estimated by calculating the Mantel-Haenszelweighted risk ratio (RR) using a fixed-effects model available from RevMan 5.3.

RESULTS: A total of four studies comprising 714 patients (TMZ group=352, Control group=362) were included in the final analysis. Pooled results revealed the TMZ group was associated with significantly fewer incidences of CIN compared to control (RR 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20, 0.53; P<.00001), with a relative risk reduction of 67% and an absolute risk reduction of 11.04% (NNT=nine). No dialysis-requiring CIN was observed in the included studies.

CONCLUSION: The addition of oral TMZ to standard hydration confers a significant benefit in preventing CIN after coronary procedures among patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. We recommend the addition of TMZ to standard prevention strategies. However, a large well-designed trial should be conducted to determine its effect on other outcomes such as prevention of dialysis-requiring CIN and mortality. 

Human ; Trimetazidine ; Coronary Angiography ; Medline ; Creatinine ; Pubmed ; Risk Assessment ; Renal Insufficiency ; Kidney Function Tests

PURPOSE: This study was done to describe the research trend of Complementary and Alternative Medicine(CAM) in Korea and internationally. METHOD: A Systematic review of CAM related literature published from 2000 to 2005 was done. A comprehensive search by using 34 CAM modalities as search terms to identify all articles dealing with CAM was undertaken from 4 databases: PubMed, RICHIS, KoreaMed, and Riss4U. A Total of 588 abstracts and 223 original articles were reviewed by two independent reviewers using systematic analysis guidelines. Data regarding the types of study design, characteristics of subjects and researchers, and classification of CAM modalities was recorded. The outcome measures of CAM were identified. RESULTS: CAM research has been rapidly increasing worldwide in the last decade. In Korea, nursing(53.5%) followed by medicine(42.7%) occupied the majority of CAM research in comparison to medicine(42.9%) and disciplines in CAM(25.0%), like homeopathy, internationally. Prevailing research designs in Korea were experimental and quasi-experimental, however, randomized clinical trials were found. Internationally, survey research was dominant, with the exception of randomized clinical trials that were mostly an experimental design. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that a robust research design in CAM research is needed to accumulate strong scientific evidence and to adopt nursing interventions from CAM modalities.
Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Complementary Therapies/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Humans ; MEDLINE ; Models, Nursing ; PubMed ; Research Design

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Febrile neutropenia (FN) frequently develops among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the use of empiric antibiotics has been a standard of care for FN according to the last 2010 Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines, the role of prophylactic antibiotics in patients with high risk features in preventing febrile neutropenia remains to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing post-chemotherapy FN among patients with hematologic and solid organ malignancies.

METHODS: A literature search of published English language clinical trials was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Collaboration from January 1980 - October 2015. Four hundred thirty two articles were extracted from our literature search and narrowed down through specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results were analyzed based on 1) incidence of FN in post chemotherapy cancer patients, 2) mortality rate, and 3) incidence of FN with different antibiotics. Assessment of methodological quality of each study was done using the Jadad scale. Odds ratios and Forest plots were computed and generated respectively using RevMan 5.2 (© 2013 the Cochrane Collaboration).

RESULTS: Antibiotic prophylaxis reduced the incidence of FN (OR 0.59[0.37, 0.91]). Overall effect was significant; Z= 2.35 (p= 0.02). Febrile episodes occurred less frequently in those patients who received prophylactic antibiotic treatment (OR 0.43 [0.34, 0.53]) Z = 7.59 (p< 0.00001). The combined results in this sub-analysis on different antibiotic regimens used demonstrated that prophylaxis in general prevented FN by up to 3.51-fold among cancer patients who received chemotherapy, OR 3.51[3.10, 3.98]. Results were statistically significant at Z = 19.68, p < 0.00001.

CONCLUSION: Antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the incidence of FN among cancer patients treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, decreases febrile episodes in neutropenic patients, and overall, prevented FN by up to 3.51-fold.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Anti-bacterial Agents ; Medline ; Fever ; Pubmed ; Morbidity ; Neoplasms ; Febrile Neutropenia ; Forests

The first part of the critical care guidelines of the Philippine College of Surgeons (PCS) and supported by Glaxo Wellcome Philippines, Inc. dealt with resuscitation fluids, blood transfusion, assessment of volume resuscitation, nutritional support and cardiovascular support. The second part deals with the last 2 aspects identified by the Technical Working Group (TWG) namely: surgical intensive care units and implementation of guidelines. The literature search, limited to english publications. Used both electronic and manual methods. Three electronic databases were used: 1) The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2000; 2) National Library of Medicine - Medline (PubMed, no time limit): and HERDIN (Health Research and Development Information Network) Version 1, 1997 of DOST-PCHRD. Manual searching of the reference lists of review articles and some important meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was also done. The search terms used were: 1) Cochrane library: surgical intensive care, guidelines implementation, 2) Medline: surgical intensive care, 3) HERDIN: intensive care. Titles of all articles were printed and all members of the TWG went over the list and checked the titles of articles whose abstracts they felt should be read. The abstracts of all checked articles were printed. The printed abstracts were given to the members, who then decided which articles were to be included for full text retrieval. The full texts were obtained from the University of the Philippines Manila Library, and were appraised using standard forms. (Author)

National Library Of Medicine (u.s.) ; Philippines ; Medline ; Pubmed ; Libraries ; Critical Care ; Nutritional Support ; Information Services ; Blood Transfusion ; Surgeons