OBJECTIVETo study the inhibitory activity of Aeschynanthus maculatus on alpha-glucosidase.

METHODThe inhibilitory model of in vitro alpha-glucosidase was established. Active extracts of A. maculatus were isolated and identified bymultiple chromatographic methods, and their molecular structures were identifiied by spectral techniques.

RESULTSeven coumpounts were isolated from A. maculatus and isolated as lupeol(1), stigmasterol(2), ursolic acid(3), stigmast-5,22(E)-diene-3beta-ol(4), beta-daucosterol(5), 3-hydroxy-12-taraxasten-28-oic-acid(6) and oleanic acid(7). Compounds 1 (IC50 25.41 mg x L(-1)),3(IC0 4.42 mg L(-1)),4(IC50 11.50 mg x L(-1)),6(IC50 14.17 mg x L(-1)) and 7(IC50 2.88 mg x L(-1)) had higher inhibitory activities than that of acarbose (IC50 1103.01 mg x L(-1)) as the positive control drug.

CONCLUSIONCompound 1-7 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 6 was isolated from Gesneriaceae family for the first time. Compound 7 was isolated from Aeschynanthus genus for the first time.

Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Ferns ; chemistry ; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors ; Plant Exudates ; chemistry ; pharmacology

Objective: To analyze the relationship between thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor ( TAFI ) and coronary heart disease ( CHD ), and to provide evidence for the prevention of CHD. Methods: The patients with CHD in Fushun Central Hospital in Liaoning Province were selected as the case group, the patients without CHD in the same hospital and period were selected as the control group. The demographic information and clinical examination results ( serum TAFI, lipid, glucose, etc. ) were collected to analyze the association between TAFI and CHD by logistic regression models.The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between TAFI and CHD. Results: There were 222 cases, including 100 cases of stable angina, 44 cases of unstable angina and 78 cases of acute myocardial infarction, and 222 controls. The median ages of cases and controls were 62 and 57 years old. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum TAFI>22.88 μg/mL ( P75 of controls ) was associated with the risk of CHD ( OR=1.619, 95%CI: 1.011-2.593 ), unstable angina ( OR=2.917, 95%CI: 1.433-5.939 ) and acute myocardial infarction ( OR=2.626, 95%CI: 1.007-6.847 ). Conclusion The high level of TAFI is related to CHD, unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction.

Summary: To explore the functions of very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDL-R) subtype II in lipoprotein metabolism and foam cells formation, the recombinant plasmid with the two subtypes cDNA was constructed respectively, the ldl-A7 cell lines were transfected and two cell lines expressing VLDL-R were obtained: one stably expressing the VLDLR with the O-linked sugar region (type I VLDLR) and the other without the O-linked sugar region (type II VLDLR). In the study on binding of VLDLR to their nuclein labeled natural ligands (VLDL and β-VLDL), it was found that surface binding of 125I-VLDL or 125I-β-VLDL of ldl-A7 cells transfected with type I VLDLR recombinant (ldl-A7-VRI) was more higher than that of ldl-A7 cells transfected with type II VLDLR recombinant (ldl-A7-VRII). After being incubated with VLDL for different time, the contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol in cells were mensurated, and the formation of foam cells and accumulation of lipid in cells was observed by oil-red O staining. The results showed that the contents of triglyceride and total cholesterol in ldl-A7-VR I were much higher than those in ldl-A7-VR II, and ldl-A7-VR I could transform into foam cells notably. It was suggested that type I VLDLR binds with relative higher affinity to VLDL and β-VLDL, and internalizes much more lipoprotein into cells. As a result, we can conclude that type I VLDLR plays a more important role in lipoprotein metabolism and foam cells formation than type II VLDLR.

OBJECTIVETo compare the reactogenicity and serology between influenza subunit vaccine and split vaccine.

METHODSA randomized, double-blind study was carried out among children (age 6 - 12 years) in order to compare the safety and immunogenicity of an influenza inactivated subunit vaccine (Agrippal, Chiron Vaccines) with that of a split vaccine (Flurix, GSK).

RESULTSA total of 499 subjects were vaccinated and included in the safety analysis. A total of 249 subjects received Agrippal and 250 received Flurix. All subjects were kept under medical observation for 30 minutes in order to check the evidence of having any immediate local and systemic reaction. Daily observation records were collected during the 3-day follow-up after vaccination. 6.4% of the cases with fever >or= 37.5 degrees C was reported in the Flurix group, but 2.4% in Agrippal group which was significantly less than the former group (P > 0.05). Blood samples (the D0 pre- and D23 post-vaccination sera) were collected from 224 of Agrippal group and 223 of Flurix group and analysed by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Agrippal and Flurix induced similar seroprotection (HI titer >or= 1:40, H1N1 99.6% vs 100.0%; H3N2 99.1% vs 99.1%) and seroconversion (4-fold increase, 95.1% vs 97.8%; H3N2 74.5% vs 79.8%) rates and geometric mean titer (GMT) increase (16.0 vs 21.0; 5.4 vs 6.4) against the two A subtypes. A similar seroprotection rate (94.2% vs 96.4%) and GMT increase (21.2 vs 18.2) against the influenza B strain were also noticed in both vaccines. No significant difference was found in the results of immunological assay between the two vaccines (P < 0.05). A lower seroconversion rate against B strain was observed in Agrippal group than in Flurix group (91.1% vs 97.3%).

CONCLUSIONIn terms of safety, both vaccines were generally well tolerated. The fever reaction was less frequently seen in the Agrippal group. Both vaccines induced an effective immune response in the vaccines.

Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Child ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fever ; chemically induced ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; immunology ; Influenza B virus ; immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; adverse effects ; classification ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; prevention & control ; Male ; Safety ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Vaccines, Subunit ; adverse effects ; immunology

AIMTo determine cephalometrically the mechanism of the treatment effects of non-extraction and multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW) technique on postpeak Class II Division 1 patients.

METHODOLOGYIn this retrospective study, 16 postpeak Class II Division 1 patients successfully corrected using a non-extraction and MEAW technique were cephalometrically evaluated and compared with 16 matched control subjects treated using an extraction technique. Using CorelDRAW software, standardized digital cephalograms pre- and post-active treatments were traced and a reference grid was set up. The superimpositions were based on the cranial base, the mandibular and the maxilla regions,and skeletal and dental changes were measured. Changes following treatment were evaluated using the paired-sample t-test. Student's t-test for unpaired samples was used to assess the differences in changes between the MEAW and the extraction control groups.

RESULTSThe correction of the molar relationships comprised 54% skeletal change (mainly the advancement of the mandible) and 46% dental change. Correction of the anterior teeth relationships comprised 30% skeletal change and 70% dental change.

CONCLUSIONThe MEAW technique can produce the desired vertical and sagittal movement of the tooth segment and then effectively stimulate mandibular advancement by utilizing the residual growth potential of the condyle.

Adolescent ; Case-Control Studies ; Cephalometry ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Incisor ; pathology ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; pathology ; therapy ; Mandible ; growth & development ; pathology ; Mandibular Condyle ; growth & development ; pathology ; Maxilla ; pathology ; Molar ; pathology ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Orthodontic Retainers ; Orthodontic Wires ; Retrognathia ; pathology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Serial Extraction ; Skull Base ; pathology ; Software ; Tooth Movement Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe effect of prescriptions replenishing vital essence, tonifying Qi and activating blood on expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-IP (IL-1beta) in serum and submaxillary gland of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with Sjogren's syndrome.

METHODThirty-two NOD mice were divided into four groups at random: the model group, the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group, the hydroxychloroquine group, the TCM and western medicine (WM) group, with 8 mice in each group. Eight Balb/C mice were taken as the normal normal control group. The TCM group was orally administered with 0.4 mL decoction replenishing vital essence, tonifying Qi and activating blood (100 g x kg(-1)) everyday; the hydroxychloroquine group were given 0.4 mL hydroxychloroquine (60 mg x kg(-1)) everyday; the TCM WM group were given 0.4 mL decoction, replenishing vital essence tonifying Qi and activating blood (50 g x kg(-1)) and hydroxychloroquine (60 mg x kg(-1)) everyday. Mice were sacrificed after eight weeks, and their arterial blood and tissues of submaxillary gland were collected. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in serum were detected by ELISA. Expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta protein in submaxillary gland were detected by immunohisto-chemistry.

RESULTCompared with other groups, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in serum and submaxillary gland in the model group were higher (P < 0.05). The normal group showed lower serum TNF-alpha level than other groups (P < 0.05), but without statistical significance compared with the TCM group. IL-1beta in serum in the TCM group and the TCM WM group were lower than that of the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05), but without statistical significance compared with the normal group. TNF-alpha protein expression in the TCM group and the TCM WM group showed no significant difference compared with the normal group, whereas the TCM WM group were notably lower than that of the hydroxychloroquine group (P < 0.05). IL-1beta expression in the TCM WM group showed no significant difference compared with the normal group.

CONCLUSIONThe decoction replenishing vital essence, tonifying Qi and activating blood can decrease the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta in serum and submaxillary gland of NOD mice with Sjogren's syndrome. It may improve pathological damage of submaxillary gland by regulating Th1/Th2 cell factors, in order to achieve the therapeutic effect on SS.

Animals ; Antirheumatic Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hydroxychloroquine ; pharmacology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Interleukin-1beta ; analysis ; blood ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Random Allocation ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Submandibular Gland ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis ; blood

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of sitagliptin tablets combined with insulin detemir injection in the treatment of senile type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 120 elderly patients with T2DM were randomly divided into control group and treatment group with 60 cases per group.Two groups received subcutaneous injection of insulin detemir once a night with initial dose of 0.2 U · kg-1.Control group received oral repaglinide 0.5-2.0 mg tid.Treatment group was given oral sitagliptin 100 mg qd.Two groups were treated for 12 weeks.The clinical efficacy,levels of blood glucose and adverse drug reactions were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rates of treatment and control groups were 95.00％ (57/60 cases) and 76.67％ (46/60 cases) with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the main indexes in treatment and control groups were compared:the 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPG) were (8.20±1.14),(9.87 ±1.64)mmol · L-1;the insulin dosages were (20.81 ±6.32),(39.86 ±5.40) U · d-1;hyperglycemia time ratios were (2.26 ± 1.85)％ and (15.93 ± 10.76)％ for 2 h PG ＞ 11.1 mmol · L-1;hypoglycemia time ratios were (2.64 ± 1.99)％,(3.60 ±2.84)％;blood glucose fluctuation coefficients were 1.50 ± 0.26 and 2.47 ± 0.39,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions were based on hypoglycemia in two groups.The incidence rates of hypoglycemia were 1.67％ and 10.00％ in treatment and control groups with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sitagliptin tablets combined with insulin detemir injection can effectively control the blood glucose on the elderly patients with T2DM,decrease the fluctuation of blood glucose,and reduce the incidence of hypoglycemia.

Objective:To explore the current situation of innovation ability of clinical nurses in Guizhou Province and its influencing factors so as to provide a theoretical basis for nursing managers to evaluate and carry out training for innovation ability among nurses.Methods:In April 2019, this study selected totals of 24 Class Ⅲ hospitals, 50 Class Ⅱ hospitals and 60 ClassⅠ hospitals in Guizhou Province by stratified random sampling to carry out investigation with the method of cross-sectional survey. A total of 5 161 clinical nurses were randomly selected in each hospital according to the scale. Electronic questionnaire was designed, and WeChat link as well as two-dimensional code was developed by the Questioning Star software to investigation in the form of network. A total of 5 161 questions were collected and 5 145 of them were valid with 99.69% for the valid recovery rate. Excel was used to build the original database, SPSS 18.0 was used for analysis. Influencing factors were analyzed with the multiple linear regression.Results:Among 5 145 clinical nurses in Guizhou Province, the total score of innovation ability was (129.63±24.30) with the intermediate level. Simple correlation showed that there were statistical differences in the scores of innovation ability among clinical nurses with different hospital levels, departments, ages, working lives, marital status, educational levels, positional titles, posts, monthly incomes, satisfaction with work, support for work from family members, employment forms, whether teaching and participating in scientific research ( P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the importantly influencing factors of innovation ability of clinical nurses included the satisfaction with work, support for work from family members, whether participating in scientific research, working lives, job title, hospital levels, whether teaching, monthly incomes with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:Clinical nurses of Guizhou Province have the intermediate level of innovation ability needed to be improved. Nursing managers should strengthen the innovation knowledge training and resource support for clinical nurses, encourage them positively to take part in continuing education so as to improve the innovation will and ability of clinical nurses in Guizhou Province.

Neuro signal has many more advantages than myoelectricity in providing information for prosthesis control, and can be an ideal source for developing new prosthesis. In this work, by implanting intrafascicular electrode clinically in the amputee's upper extremity, collective signals from fascicules of three main nerves (radial nerve, ulnar nerve and medium nerve) were successfully detected with sufficient fidelity and without infection. Initial analysis of features under different actions was performed and movement recognition of detected samples was attempted. Singular value decomposition features (SVD) extracted from wavelet coefficients were used as inputs for neural network classifier to predict amputee's movement intentions. The whole training rate was up to 80.94% and the test rate was 56.87% without over-training. This result gives inspiring prospect that collective signals from fascicules of the three main nerves are feasible sources for controlling prosthesis. Ways for improving accuracy in developing prosthesis controlled by neuro signals are discussed in the end.
Amputation ; Amputees ; Artificial Limbs ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Movement ; physiology ; Muscles ; innervation ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo assess the diagnostic value of tumor markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for meningeal carcinomatosis (MC).

METHODSTwenty-one MC patients (including 13 adenocarcinoma and 8 non-adenocarcinoma patients), 72 patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and 23 with primary intracerebral tumors (PIT) were enrolled in this study. Blood and CSF tumor markers including CEA, CA125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CA72-4, CYFRA21-1, AFP and NSE were measured by Roche E170 electrochemiluminescence analyzer and sandwich assay.

RESULTSCSF tumor markers CEA, CA125, CA199 and CYFRA21-1 and the serum tumor markers CEA, CA125, CA153, CA199 and AFP were significantly higher in MC group than in the other two groups. CSF CEA and CA15-3 were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma MC than in non-adenocarcinoma MC patients, but no significant differences were found in the serum tumor markers between the two groups (P>0.05). CSF tumor markers including CEA, CA125, CA15-3, CA72-4 and CYFRA21-1 were positively correlated to the serum tumor markers (P<0.05). CA199 was positively correlated to the disease course (P<0.05), and age was not correlated to any of the indexes (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONDetection of the tumor markers in the CSF, especially CEA, CA125, CA19-9 and CYFRA21-1, may help in the early diagnosis of MC. CEA and CA15-3 can serve as indicators for differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; cerebrospinal fluid ; CA-125 Antigen ; cerebrospinal fluid ; CA-19-9 Antigen ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-19 ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult