Objective: To explore the effective chemical constituents of Jinhua Qinggan Granules for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: The compounds and action targets of eleven herbal medicines in Jinhua Qinggan Granules were collected via TCMSP. The genes corresponding to the targets were queried by the UniProt database, then the “herbal medicine-compound-target” network was established by Cytoscape software. The gene ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by DAVID to predict their mechanism. Molecular docking was used to analyze the binding force of the core effective compounds in the “herbal medicine-compound-target” network with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase and angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Results: The “herbal medicine-compound-target” network contained 154 compounds and 276 targets, and the key targets involved PTGS2, HSP90AB1, HSP90AA1, PTGS1, NCOA2, etc. GO function enrichment analysis revealed 278 items, including ATP binding, transcription factor activation and regulation of apoptosis process, etc. KEGG pathway enrichment screened 127 signaling pathways, including TNF, PI3K/Akt and HIF-1 signaling pathways related to lung injury protection. The results of molecular docking showed that formononetin, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, anhydroicaritin and other key compounds have a certain degree of affinity with SARS-CoV-2 3CL hydrolase and ACE2. Conclusion: The effective compounds in Jinhua Qinggan Granules regulate multiple signaling pathways via binding ACE2 and acting on targets such as PTGS2, HSP90AB1, HSP90AA1, PTGS1, NCOA2 for the prevention of COVID-19.

In this study, the herpetin (HPT) lyophilized liposome was prepared, and its saftey and pharmacodynamics were evaluated. HPT lyophilized liposome was prepared by thin-film ultrasonication method. The lyoprotectant was optimized using particle size and encapsulation efficiency as indexes. Then, the influencing factors of HPT lyophilized liposome were investigated. In addition, preliminary safety and therapy efficiency of HPT lyophilized liposome to liver injury induced by CCl4 in the mice. The optimal lyoprotectant was 5% sucrose plus 5% lactose and the dispersed HPT lyophilized liposomes were spherical with the mean diameter of (107.0 ± 1.2) nm and the mean encapsulation efficiency of (99.7 ± 0.50)%. The lyophilized powder was sensitive to temperature, humidity and illumination. None of hemolysis, hemagglutination and vein irritation was observed after intravenous injection of HPT lyophilized liposomes into rabbits. HPT lyophilized liposome showed obviously therapy efficiency to liver injury induced by CCl4 in the mice. The improvements of ALT, AST and ALP were better than that in HPT free drug. The obtained HPT lyophilized liposome met the standard of CP with fine particle size and encapsulation efficiency after dispersion. The HPT lyophilized liposome showed good safety and enhanced the treatment efficacy of HPT. The HPT lyophilized liposome should be stored in low temperature, sealed condition far away from light.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Liposomes ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Rabbits

Objective To investigate a reasonable and effective internal fixation method for posterolateral fracture of the tibial plateau. Methods Specimens of the tibial plateau with posterolateral fracture made from 12 adult male cadavers were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups, and fixed by anterior 6.5 mm lag screw, lateral 4.5 mm L-shape plate, posterior 3.5 mm T-shape plate, respectively. All the specimens were loaded in turn by stress of 250, 500, 750, 1 000 N, and the corresponding axial displacement and stress were measured. Results Under the same stress, the Y-axial displacement of the anterior lag screw group was the smallest, showing a significant difference with the lateral plate group and the posterior plate group, while there was no significant difference between the lateral plate group and the posterior plate group in the Y-axial displacement. The stresses on marked points in the anterior lag screw group were evenly distributed. Conclusions For fixation of isolated posterolateral fractures of the tibial plateau, the anterior 6.5 mm lag screw can effectively increase the axial stability and balance the stress distribution around the fracture block, indicating it is an effective method for mechanical fixation. The lateral plate has certain advantage in lateral stability control, while the posterior plate has certain value to reduction of the posterior tibia plateau fracture.

The study aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of water extract of Potentilla anserina (PA) on myelosuppression mice induced by cyclophosphamide based on metabonomics. The myelosuppressive mouse model was established by injected with cyclophosphamide and treated with water extract of PA. Thymus and spleen indexes, peripheral hemogram and bone marrow nucleated cells of each group was detected. Bone marrow pathology analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum were measured. The changes of biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabonomics. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Minzu University. The high doses of PA could significantly improve the decrease of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts and hemoglobin (HGB) levels of mice induced by cyclophosphamide (P < 0.05), and significantly increase the number of nucleated cells and the area of hematopoietic tissue in femoral bone marrow. The medium and high doses of PA could significantly improve the serum levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, IL-6 and GM-CSF (P < 0.05), and have no significant effect on the expression of IL-3 and EPO (P > 0.05). Serum metabolomics analysis showed that the aqueous extracts of PA could alleviate myrosuppression by regulating the aminoacyl-tRNA, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis mediated by 13 different metabolites such as valine, leucine, asparagine and hydroxyisohexic acid. PA improve the inhibition of hematopoietic function in myelosuppression mouse, and its mechanisms may be related to anti-oxidation and promoting the expression of hematopoietic-related cytokines and regulating the related metabolic pathways.

Traditional Chinese medicine has been paid more and more attention in the development of modern healthcare,and its clinical diagnosis and treatment have broad prospects and enormous potential.However,the current traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment model have serious shortcomings in service capacity and,diagnosis,and treatment effect.The rapid development of big data and artificial intelli-gence technology provides an opportunity for the iterative upgrade of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment models.This article reviewed the current situation of artificial intelligence empowering tradi-tional Chinese medicine clinical diagnosis and treatment,clarified the problems and challenges faced by artifi-cial intelligence technology in data integration,data quality,and data analysis in traditional Chinese medicine clinical diagnosis and treatment,and proposed to empower from the aspects of disciplinary integration,data quality optimization,data privacy protection,and promotion and application,so as to provide reference for im-proving the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To explore the clinical application of intermttent oro-esphageal (IOE) tube feeding in the treatment of dementia patients with dysphagia.Methods:Sixty dementia patients with dysphagia were randomly divided into an IOE group and an nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) group, each of 30. Both groups were given conventional treatment, but the group members were fed through IOE or NGT respectively. Both groups′ swallowing and nutritional condition were evaluated 24 hours after admission and 30 days after the end of the treatment. The incidence of complications within 30 days, the average hospital stay and hospitalization cost were compared between the 2 groups.Results:No significant differences were observed between the two groups in any of the measurements before the intervention. During the intervention, the number of malnourished subjects decreased and the average body mass index (BMI), albumin (ALB) level, hemoglobin (HB) level and FOIS score improved significantly in both groups. Significantly better improvements in the incidence of malnutrition and the FOIS scores was observed in the IOE group. By the 30th day the average effective swallowing rate in the IOE group (90%) was significantly higher than in the NGT group (70%).Conclusions:IOE can improve the nutrition and swallowing of dementia patients with dysphagia. It can reduce the incidence of complications, shorten hospital stays and reduce hospitalization cost.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Rural Health ; statistics & numerical data ; Sampling Studies

Objective To examine the mortality and risk factors among HIV-infected patients during 1989-2011 in Dehong prefecture,Yunnan province.Methods All HIV-infected patients reported during 1989-2011 in Dehong prefecture who held local residency were included in the study.Mortality rates and cumulative survival rates were calculated.Multiple regression analysis under Cox proportional hazard model was conducted to examine the risk factors for deaths.Results A total of 13 006 HIV-infected patients were included in this study including 73.2％ males,79.1％ peasants and 48.7％ married at the time of reporting.64.5％ of the patients were ethnic minorities,and 68.7％ were illiterate or having received only primary school education.All the patients were followed-up for a total of 55 962.30 person-years with 4648 patients died,with overall mortality rate as 8.31/100person-years.The mortality rate had been increasing from 1990 to 2004 but decreasing since 2005.The average survival time since the identification of HIV infection was 9.48 years overall,and was 16.65 years for those having received antiretroviral treatment (ART) and 7.67 years for those without ART.Data from multiple regression analysis indicated that ART and socio-demographic characteristics such as age,gender,ethnicity,occupation,marital status,education background etc.were significantly associated with death among HIV-infected patients.Conclusion The comprehensive AIDS campaigns including ART had significantly reduced the deaths among HIV-infected patients in Dehong prefecture.More efforts on the scaling up program of ART as well as the enhanced management and follow-up program tailored for HIV-infected patients with different sociodemographic characteristics were needed to further reduce the deaths in the area.

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical and chest X-ray features of SARS in children to facilitate correct diagnosis.

METHODSClinical manifestations and chest X-ray findings in five children suffering from SARS admitted for treatment in the hospital between February and May, 2003 in Shenzhen area were analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed by epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological examinations. Among the 5 cases, 1 was a boy and the others were girls at the age of 4 to 13 years.

RESULTSOf the 5 SARS children, 3 presented a history of close contact with SARS patients. Fever was the initiative symptom, 4 had a body temperature of over 38 degrees C with the highest being 40 degrees C; fever sustained from 4 to 7 days with an average of 5.6 days. All the 5 cases developed nonproductive cough; on auscultation, both moist and dry rales could be heard in 3 out of the 5 cases. Mean total white count of peripheral blood was (2.96 - 6.9) x 10(9)/L, and was < 5.0 x 10(9)/L in 4 cases. SARS associated coronavirus specific RNA fragment was found positive by RT-PCR in 1 case; 1 case was positive for both IgM and IgG antibodies to the virus; 1 case was positive for only IgM antibody and another 2 cases were positive for only IgG antibody. IgG and IgM antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae as well as blood culture for bacteria were all negative. Findings on chest X-ray examination: 4 cases showed presence of patchy or macular opacities with cord-like shadows in unilateral lung plates while 1 case each showed ground-glass-like opacity and migratory changes; 1 case showed interstitial changes in the lungs in the form of irregular reticular lattice and cord-like shadows. Two cases received CT scanning and macular-patchy or spotty shadows were seen all over the lung. The shortest time for absorption of foci in the lungs was 7 days while the longest was 33 days with a mean of 15 +/- 6 days. None of the cases had any signs of fibrosis in the lungs. All the 5 cases were completely cured and discharged 7 to 40 days (mean 18 +/- 11 days) after admission.

CONCLUSIONCompared with adult cases with SARS, children with SARS had milder symptoms and signs. Presence of unilateral patchy shadow in lungs represented the main chest X-ray findings.

Adolescent ; Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; analysis ; Immunoglobulin M ; analysis ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS Virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; virology

Eighteen compounds were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin, MCI gel, silica gel, and sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as adinoside A (1), stryspinoside (2), benzyl alcohol beta-glucopyranoside (3), benzyl 2-o-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2,6-dihydroxybenzoate (4) , gentisic acid 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), eugenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (6) , eugenyl-P-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-glucopyranoside (7), (-)-lyoniresinol 9-O-fP-D-glucopyranoside (8) , (+)-lyoniresinol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9) , apigenin-7-O-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), luteolin-3 '-O-L-rhamnoside (11) , ursolic acid (12) , beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (13), abscisic acid (14), guanosine (15), 5-methyluracil (16), trans-cinnamic acid (17), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(18). These compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Benzaldehydes ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Gentisates ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Luteolin ; analysis ; Thymine ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis