Objective To systematically evaluate the risk prediction models for anastomotic leakage (AL) in patients with esophageal cancer after surgery. Methods A computer-based search of PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese Medical Journal Full-text Database, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and CNKI was conducted to collect studies on postoperative AL risk prediction model for esophageal cancer from their inception to October 1st, 2023. PROBAST tool was employed to evaluate the bias risk and applicability of the model, and Stata 15 software was utilized for meta-analysis. Results A total of 19 literatures were included covering 25 AL risk prediction models and 7373 patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.670-0.960. Among them, 23 prediction models had a good prediction performance (AUC>0.7); 13 models were tested for calibration of the model; 1 model was externally validated, and 10 models were internally validated. Meta-analysis showed that hypoproteinemia (OR=9.362), postoperative pulmonary complications (OR=7.427), poor incision healing (OR=5.330), anastomosis type (OR=2.965), preoperative history of thoracoabdominal surgery (OR=3.181), preoperative diabetes mellitus (OR=2.445), preoperative cardiovascular disease (OR=3.260), preoperative neoadjuvant therapy (OR=2.977), preoperative respiratory disease (OR=4.744), surgery method (OR=4.312), American Society of Anesthesiologists score (OR=2.424) were predictors for AL after esophageal cancer surgery. Conclusion At present, the prediction model of AL risk in patients with esophageal cancer after surgery is in the development stage, and the overall research quality needs to be improved.

Aim To predict the potential mechanism of ophiopogonin D (OPD) against pulmonary fibrosis by network pharmacology, and further verify it by experiment in vivo. Methods This study found that ophiopogon was the most frequently used drug in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis with deficiency of Qi and Yin through data mining. In order to explore its material basis, network pharmacology analysis was carried out. A model of pulmonary fibrosis was established by bleomycin, and different concentrations of ophiopogonin D were administered to verify the results of the pharmacological network. Results Firstly, through network pharmacology analysis, it was found that mitophagy might be the potential target for ophiopogon to exert anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect. Meanwhile, network topology analysis showed that OPD had the greatest relationship with mitophagy. Animal experiments showed that OPD could relieve pulmonary fibrosis and reduce collagen deposition in mice. At the same time, the detection of mitophagy related proteins showed that the compound could increase the expression of PINK1 and Parkin proteins, reduce the content of P62 protein in lung tissue, and reduce the intracellular ROS level. Conclusions OPD can improve mitochondrial function and play an anti-pulmonary fibrosis role by promoting PINKl/Parkin dependent mitophagy in lung tissue.

Autologous ozonized blood transfusion(AOBT) is a therapy of re-transfusion of 100-200 mL of autologous blood after shaking and agitation with appropriate amount of oxygen-ozone in vitro. The oxidation of blood through the strong oxidation of ozone can enhance the non-specific immune response of the body, regulate the internal environment and promote health. This therapy has been increasingly applied in clinical practice, while no unified standard for the operation process in terms of ozone concentration, treatment frequency and treatment course had been established. This operation process of AOBT is primarily explored in order to standardize the operation process and ensure its safety and efficacy.

Deficiencies in the clearance of peripheral amyloid β (Aβ) play a crucial role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have shown that the ability of blood monocytes to phagocytose Aβ is decreased in AD. However, the exact mechanism of Aβ clearance dysfunction in AD monocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we found that blood monocytes in AD mice exhibited decreases in energy metabolism, which was accompanied by cellular senescence, a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and dysfunctional phagocytosis of Aβ. Improving energy metabolism rejuvenated monocytes and enhanced their ability to phagocytose Aβ in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, enhancing blood monocyte Aβ phagocytosis by improving energy metabolism alleviated brain Aβ deposition and neuroinflammation and eventually improved cognitive function in AD mice. This study reveals a new mechanism of impaired Aβ phagocytosis in monocytes and provides evidence that restoring their energy metabolism may be a novel therapeutic strategy for AD.
Animals ; Mice ; Alzheimer Disease ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; Monocytes ; Cognition ; Energy Metabolism ; Phagocytosis

Itch is an unpleasant sensation that urges people and animals to scratch. Neuroimaging studies on itch have yielded extensive correlations with diverse cortical and subcortical regions, including the insular lobe. However, the role and functional specificity of the insular cortex (IC) and its subdivisions in itch mediation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and fiber photometry tests, that neurons in both the anterior insular cortex (AIC) and the posterior insular cortex (PIC) are activated during acute itch processes. Pharmacogenetic experiments revealed that nonselective inhibition of global AIC neurons, or selective inhibition of the activity of glutaminergic neurons in the AIC, reduced the scratching behaviors induced by intradermal injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), but not those induced by compound 48/80. However, both nonselective inhibition of global PIC neurons and selective inhibition of glutaminergic neurons in the PIC failed to affect the itching-scratching behaviors induced by either 5-HT or compound 48/80. In addition, pharmacogenetic inhibition of AIC glutaminergic neurons effectively blocked itch-associated conditioned place aversion behavior, and inhibition of AIC glutaminergic neurons projecting to the prelimbic cortex significantly suppressed 5-HT-evoked scratching. These findings provide preliminary evidence that the AIC is involved, at least partially via aversive emotion mediation, in the regulation of 5-HT-, but not compound 48/80-induced itch.
Humans ; Animals ; Serotonin ; Insular Cortex ; Pruritus/chemically induced* ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology* ; Neurons

Fingerprints of 18 batches of substance benchmark of Shentong Zhuyu Decoction(SZD) were established by UPLC under the following conditions: Waters Sun Fire C_(18) column(3.0 mm×150 mm, 3.5 μm), column temperature of 35 ℃, gradient elution with mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B) at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1), and detection by wavelength switching. A total of 16 common peaks were identified. The similarities among the fingerprints were calculated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 Edition) and the result showed they were in the range of 0.911-0.988. Based on the 16 common peaks, cluster analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA), and partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) all categorized the 18 batches of samples into two groups(S1, S2, S5-S8, S14, and S17 in one group, and S1, S2, S5-S8, S14, and S17 in another), and 11 most influential components were screened. Five known components with great difference among samples(hydroxysafflor yellow A, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, ecdysone, and ammonium glycyrrhizinate) were determined. The combination of multi-component content determination and fingerprints can reflect the overall cha-racteristics of the primary standards of SZD, which is simple, feasible, reproducible, and stable. This study can serve as a reference for the quality control of the primary standards of SZD.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Quality Control

Colon cancer-related anemia (CCRA) is mainly caused by systemic inflammation, intestinal bleeding, iron deficiency and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colon cancer. However, the best therapeutic schedule and related mechanism on CCRA were still uncertain. Studies on blood enrichment and anti-tumor effects of combined Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD), Fe and rhEPO based on CCRA and gut microbiota modulation were conducted in this paper. Here, CCRA model was successfully induced by subcutaneous inoculation of CT-26 and i.p. oxaliplatin, rhEPO + DBD high dosage + Fe (EDF) and rhEPO + DBD high dosage (ED) groups had the best blood enrichment effect. Attractively, EDF group also showed antitumor activity. The sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that compared to P group, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and opportunistic pathogen (Odoribacter) in ED and EDF groups were decreased. Interestingly, EDF also decreased the relative abundances of cancer-related bacteria (Helicobacter, Lactococcus, Alloprevotella) and imbalance-inducing bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella and Parabacteroides) and increased the relative abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria (Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014), however, ED showed the opposite effects to EDF, this might be the reason of the smaller tumor volume in EDF group. Our findings proposed the best treatment combination of DBD, rhEPO and Fe in CCRA and provided theoretical basis and literature reference for CCRA-induced intestinal flora disorder and the regulatory mechanism of EDF.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics* ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Text Messaging

Objective: To observe the changes of PD-1 expression, mRNA level and cytotoxic activity of CD19 CAR-T cells during the culture process of CAR-T cells. Methods: The peripheral blood T cells of 6 lymphoma patients with high expression of PD-1 and 6 healthy volunteers were the source of CAR-T cells. The expression of PD-1 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA level of PD-1 was analyzed by PCR. The cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assay. The cytotoxicity was analyzed by LDH assay. Results: ①The transfection efficiency of high PD-1 expression T cells and healthy volunteer T cells were as the same (P>0.05) . ②The cell proliferation capacity of CD19 CAR-T cells from high PD-1 expression T cells or healthy volunteer T cells, with or without PD-1 inhibitor were as the same (P>0.05) . ③The cytotoxicity to lymphoma cells of high PD-1 expression T cells and CAR-T cells were lower than that of these two T cells combined with PD-1 inhibitor and the CAR-T cells from healthy volunteer T cells (P<0.001) . There was no difference of the cytotoxicity between the CAR-T cells from high PD-1 expression T cells combined with PD-1 inhibitor and the CAR-T cells from healthy volunteer (P>0.05) . ④There was no difference of the expression of PD-1 in all CAR-T cell groups during the culture process (P>0.05) . There was no difference of mRNA level of PD-1 in all groups during the culture process (P>0.05) . ⑤The PD-1 expression of CAR-T cells increased by the time of culture after contacting with lymphoma cells (P<0.001) . The PD-1 inhibitors could antagonize this effect. There was no difference of mRNA level of PD-1 in all groups after contacting with lymphoma cells (P>0.05) . Conclusion: The PD-1 expression of CAR-T cells from high PD-1 expression T cells increased by the time of culture after contacting with lymphoma cells. However, the mRNA level of PD-1 of all groups did not change, even if PD-1 inhibitor was applied.
Antigens, CD19 ; Humans ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/genetics* ; RNA, Messenger ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; T-Lymphocytes

Objective To explore factors influencing the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in different genders so as to provide reference for the specific prevention of the disease. Methods A nested case-control study was conducted to analyze factors influencing the incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in Jinchang cohort population who were randomly selected through stratified sampling by age and followed up. A risk prediction model was established and the goodness of fit was evaluated by the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC). Results The standardized incidence of carotid atherosclerosis in this follow-up population was 12.32%, and the incidence rate of males (13.65%) was greater than that of females (11.29%). The difference was statistically significant ( 2=4.267, P<0.001). Age, education, elevated systolic blood pressure, and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were common risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in both men and women. Elevated fasting plasma glucose (OR=2.556, 95% CI: 1.618-4.038) and elevated triglyceride (OR=1.535, 95% CI: 1.058-2.227) were only associated with men. Abdominal obesity (OR=1.414, 95% CI: 1.013-1.974) was only associated with women. The area under ROC of male and female prediction models was 0.835 (95% CI: 0.815-0.856) and 0.809 (95% CI: 0.788-0.831), respectively. The sensitivity was 78.0% and 78.9%, the specificity was 78.8% and 73.1%, and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 91.3% and 82.4%, respectively. Conclusions There are different risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis in males and females, and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken according to gender. The risk prediction model established by Logistic regression had certain guiding value.