Chloride ion is an important anion in organisms, managing various physiological events. A particular gene mu-tation leads to involved channel deifciency and to develop channelopathy. In kidney, different chloride channels distribute along certain fractions of the renal tubule, located at apical and basolateral membranes of tubular epithelial cells. Previous studies dis-covered that voltage-sensitive chloride channels in kidney are associated with Bartter syndrome and Dent’s disease. In addition, the kidney can be involved by cystic ifbrosis resulting from dysfunction of cystic ifbrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. In this review, the function and mechanism of chloride channels in maintenance of normal renal function, and the renal diseases caused by related gene defects were discussed.

Objective To understand the situation of imported schistosomiasis in non?endemic areas along the Yangtze Riv?er in Changshu City,so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting control measures. Methods The data of Onco?melania hupensis snails and schistosomiasis patients in Changshu City from 2006 to 2015 were collected and analyzed. Re?sults Totally 1 650 residents of Changshu City were tested by serum tests from 2006 to 2015,and 35 cases were positive,with a positive rate of 2.12%. No positive cases were found in etiological tests. No O. hupensis snails were found. Conclusion No im?ported schistosomiasis cases are found in the areas along the Yangtze River in Changshu City,but the infection source is still possible to be imported,and the surveillance work should be strengthened.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of hydrochloride phenazopyridine on relieving the pain after cystoscopy. Methods 60 male patients undergoing cystoscopy were divided into observation group and control group according to the block randomization method with 30 patients in each group. 1 h after cystoscopy, the observation group was given orally hydrochloride phenazopyridine 0.2 g, 3 times a day for 0.6 g totally. The control group was not treated with oral medication for pain. The pain degree was evaluated with Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), and the side effects were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in NRS score immediately after cystoscopy between 2 groups (P=0.725). The NRS score was lower in the observation group than in the control group 24 h after cystoscopy (P=0.002).Conclusion Hydrochloride phenazopyridine can effectively relieve the postoperative pain of cystoscopy.

Ethmoid Bone ; injuries ; Facial Bones ; injuries ; Humans ; Nasal Bone ; injuries ; Orbital Fractures ; surgery ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Skull Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effects of Tongmaitang yanming capsules on retinal damage of aged rats. METHODS:Aged rats(aged 24 months)were randomly divided into Tongmaitang yanming capsule high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups (1.750,0.875,0.378 g/kg),positive control drug group (Calcium dobesilate capsules,0.175 g/kg) and model group,with 10 rats in each group. They were given relevant medicine intragastrically once a day for consecutive 90 days. At the end of the 90th day,another 10 rats aged 1.5 months were included into blank control group. After medication,60 rats were provid-ed with water but no food for 12 hours. Blood sample was collected from femoral,and the serum levels of GSH-Px,GSH,SOD and MDA was determined,respectively;right eyes were sampled,pathological change of retina was observed by HE staining and the number of retinal cell layer (RCL) neurons was counted. RESULTS:Compared with blank control group,serum levels of GSH-Px,GSH and SOD decreased in model group,while MDA level increased;the number of RCL neurons was (59 ± 4)% of blank control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and retina damage was found. Compared with model group,the serum levels of GSH-Px,GSH and SOD increased in positive control drug group and Tongmaitang yanming capsule groups,while MDA level de-creased;the number of RCL neurons in those groups were (98 ± 7)%,(69 ± 5)%,(78 ± 7)% and (95 ± 6)% of blank control group,respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01);retina damage was relieved. CONCLUSIONS:Tongmaitang yanming capsules can in-hibit aging-induced lipid peroxidation of rat retina,prevent the progressive loss of retina neurons and protect aging-induced retina damage of rats.

Objective To study the effective methods for extraction of clenbuterol from biological material. Methods Clenbuterol in blood samples was extracted with 5 different methods,the extracts from various extraction methods were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS?雪. The efficiency of 5 extraction methods was compared with each other. Results The standard curve showed good linear relationship with a range from 0.01-10.0 mg/L clenbuterol hydrochloride(r=0.999 9?雪. The detection limit was 0.005 mg/L. After adding 1.0 ?g/ml clenbuterol hydrochloride into blood sample,the blood sample was immersed and extracted in 0.01 mol/L HCl and absolute alcohol.The extracts were extracted by chloroform at pH value of 11. The average recovery and RSD of this method were 96.5% and 5.21% respectively(n=6?雪. Conclusion The method showed easy operation and reliable results ,it was suitable for determination of clenbuterol in biological material without deviation.

In order to observe clinical therapeutic effect of Shen Ma Yi Zhi Capsule on senile vascular dementia (VD), 68 cases of VD were randomly divided into the treatment group treated with Shen Ma Yi Zhi Capsule and the control group treated with Western medicine Trigogine, and double blind and double simulation methods were adopted for administration of drugs. Results indicated that Shen Ma Yi Zhi Capsule could obviously improve clinical symptoms, increase cumulative score of intelligence rating scale, improve memory and gnosia function, restore nervous function improve daily living capability, indexes of blood rheology and cerebral function. The treatment group in improvement of symptoms was superior to the control group. It is suggested that Shen Ma Yi Zhi Capsule has definite therapeutic effect for senile VD, with no adverse effect.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the data of the patients with sensorineural hearing loss in China and study the classification and incidence of inner ear malformationsby the high-resolution computed tomography. METHOD: The investigation took a retrospective review of CT findings relating to the 2,747 cases of outpatients. The inner ear malformations diagnosed by CT were classified according to the methods proposed by Sennaroglu. RESULT: (1)843 cases of inner ear malformations were found in 2747 cases of patients with sensorineural hearing loss by CT examination. The incidence of inner ear malformation was 30.69%(843/2747). (2) The epidemiological information of 843 cases of inner ear malformation according to Sennaroglu's classification was as follows: cochlea was 52. 31%(441/843), simple vestibular aqueduct was 40.33%(340/843), simple vestibular/ semicircular canal/internal auditory canal were 7. 35%(62/843) of the group. (3) 441 cases of cochlea malformation were consisted of these types of malformation: Michel deformity was 1.13% (5/441), cochlear aplasia was 1. 81% (8/441), common cavity deformity was 3. 17% (14/441), incomplete partition type I was 8. 62% (38/441), cochlea hypoplasia was 9. 07% (40/441) and incomplete partition type II was 76. 19% (336/441) of the group. CONCLUSION The results suggested that 30. 69% cases of inner ear malformation can be found in patients with sensorineural hearing loss, which is more higher than reported by the high-resolution computed tomography. Sennaroglu's classification is instructively significant in investigating the status of inner ear malformations.
China ; Cochlea ; Ear, Inner ; abnormalities ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; etiology ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies ; Semicircular Canals ; Temporal Bone ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vestibular Aqueduct ; Vestibule, Labyrinth

The psychiatric problem has become a global public health issue. The model of mental health service advocate that“Treatment of disease occurred in the hospital, but rehabilitation and management in the community”. This brings great challenge to the community health service center. By comparing the domestic and foreign mental health service system, this paper discusses the necessity of carrying out the standardized training of general practitioners in psychiatry and psychology.