Objective Queuing theory is the mathematical study of how waiting lines or queues are formed and dissipated o -ver time, which aims to work out the optimal design and optimal control of queuing systems based on the research of probability and regularity of various queuing systems .The aim of paper was to find out the maximum acceptable waiting time for outpatients in stomatol -ogy department and explore the rational allocation of dentists based on queuing theory model . Methods Questionnaires , worktime measurement and queuing theory model were applied to calculate indicators of queuing system in outpatient services of Stomatology De -partment , getting the maximum waiting time accpetable for patients and the reasonable number of dentists . Results The maximum acceptable waiting time for outpatients was 34.02 ±7.07 minutes, and it was reasonable to allocate 25 doctors in the morning and 16 doctors in the afternoon . Conclusion Applying queuing theory helps to optimize dentist number in outpatient services of Stomatology Department and provide scientific reference to improve medical efficiency .

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of 1-3-n-Butylphthalide on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following whole brain irradiation in rats.Methods144 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-irradiation group,irradiation group,1-3-n-Butylphthalide group,and irradiation plus 1-3-n-Butylphthalide group.Whole-brain irradiation was given as a single-dose of 10 Gy using 4 MV X-ray.The rats were injected intraperitoneally with 1-3-n-Butylphthalide at 0.3 mg/kg,1.0 mg/kg,3.0 mg/kg once per day.The changes of the BBB were assessed by Evans blue (EB) assay.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the brain tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. The circulating endothelial cells (CECs) isolated from right ventricular blood were counted.MRI was evaluated with the T1-weighted images,T2-weighted images and MRI enhancement images induced by Gd-DTPA.The data were compared among the groups through Student-Newman-Keuls test.ResultsCompared with the sham-irradiation group,the EB content,the expression of VEGF in the brain tissue and the CECs were significantly increased in the irradiation group (2.81∶ 7.82,P =0.002;5.83∶ 10.26,P=0.003;3.16∶6.14,P =0.002).The signal intensity of T1-weighted images was significantly decreased while T2-weighted images and the enhancement rate significantly increased in the irradiation group (P =0.004 -0.018 ).Compared with irradiation group,the EB content,the expression of VEGF and the CECs were decreased significantly in the irradiation plus 1-3-n-Butylphthalide group ( 7.80∶ 3.86,P =0.007 ; 10.83 ∶ 5.26,P =0.008 ;6.36∶ 3.64,P =0.009 ).However,the changes in the MRI were significantly attenuated ( P =0.008-0.026,and 0.006 -0.038,respectively).Conclusions Following whole brain irradiation,1-3-n-Butylphthalide can decrease the permeability of the BBB in rats via decreasing VEGF expression and decreasing the CECs.

OBJECTIVETo construct and express the recombinant human adiponectin (gAd) global domain.

METHODSgAd complementary DNA (cDNA) was obtained from human fat tissue by RT-PCR. The PCR product was cloned into the vector pMD18-T and the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a(+). The recombinant vector was identified by digestion with double restriction endonucleases SalI and EcoRI, PCR and sequence analysis. The recombinant plasmid containing gAd gene was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the expression of the fusion protein His-gAd was induced by IPTG.

RESULTSThe gAd cDNA of 412 bp was obtained from the total RNA of the fat tissue and verified by sequence analysis.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant plasmid could stably express the 34-kD fusion protein His-gAd in the engineered bacteria in the form of inclusion bodies.

Adiponectin ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Adult ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Humans ; Prokaryotic Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis

Objective To investigate a reasonable and effective internal fixation method for posterolateral fracture of the tibial plateau. Methods Specimens of the tibial plateau with posterolateral fracture made from 12 adult male cadavers were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups, and fixed by anterior 6.5 mm lag screw, lateral 4.5 mm L-shape plate, posterior 3.5 mm T-shape plate, respectively. All the specimens were loaded in turn by stress of 250, 500, 750, 1 000 N, and the corresponding axial displacement and stress were measured. Results Under the same stress, the Y-axial displacement of the anterior lag screw group was the smallest, showing a significant difference with the lateral plate group and the posterior plate group, while there was no significant difference between the lateral plate group and the posterior plate group in the Y-axial displacement. The stresses on marked points in the anterior lag screw group were evenly distributed. Conclusions For fixation of isolated posterolateral fractures of the tibial plateau, the anterior 6.5 mm lag screw can effectively increase the axial stability and balance the stress distribution around the fracture block, indicating it is an effective method for mechanical fixation. The lateral plate has certain advantage in lateral stability control, while the posterior plate has certain value to reduction of the posterior tibia plateau fracture.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of modified Qianjin Weijing Decoction(MQJWJD)on TNF-α and NF-κB in rats with lung injury induced by particulate matter; To discuss relevant mechanism of action. Methods A tracheal drip 15 mg/kg fine particles of saline solution was used to establish modeling, every other day, three times. Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group and MQJWJD high-dose and low-dose groups, with eight rats in each group. Medication groups were given relevant medicine for gavage. The level of TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured by ELISA. The expression of NF-κB protein in lung tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. The histopathology of the lung injury was observed by light microscope. Results Compared with normal group, the level of TNF-α and the expression of NF-κB protein in the model group were higher than those in the normal group (P<0.01). Compared with model group, the level of TNF-α and the expression of NF-κB protein in MQJWJD low-dose and high-dose groups were lower than those in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Pathological observation showed that, compared with normal group, model group showed intratracheal, alveolar and interstitial bacteria within a large number of fine particles calm, alveolar and pulmonary interstitial visible large amounts of phagocytic fine particles of macrophages and accompanied by more neutrophils and lymphocyte infiltration; Lung tissue pathological changes were significantly lighter in MQJWJD high-dose and low-dose groups than the model group. MQJWJD high-dose group showed mild inflammation, alveolar and pulmonary interstitial visible phagocytic fine particles of macrophages, a small amount of neutrophils and lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusion MQJWJD can reduce the pulmonary injury in rats induced by particulate matter and has protective effects on the rat model through decreasing the levels of TNF-α and the expressions of NF-κB protein in injured lung tissues.

Objective: To investigate the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) among different molecular subtypes of breast cancers using molecular classification with Ki-67 (ER+ PR+ HER2+ Ki-67) or without Ki-67 (ER+ PR+ HER2). Methods: One hundred and twenty-seven cases of invasive breast cancer confirmed by core needle biopsy before NAC were collected from January 2007 to December 2009 and diagnosed at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The cases were classified into different molecular subtypes using molecular classifications with or without Ki-67. Their clinical and pathological response to NAC was evaluated and compared. Results: The different subtypes using both molecular classifications showed significant difference in clinical response(with Ki-67: χ²=22.40, P<0.01; without Ki-67: χ²=9.202, P=0.027)but not pathological(P>0.05) response to NAC. By multivariate analysis, Ki-67 was predictive for a clinical complete response (P=0.041) and clinical overall response (P<0.01); also Ki-67 was the only clinicopathological factor predictive of pathological response(P=0.041). Conclusion The molecular classification with Ki-67 is better to predict breast cancers responsiveness to NAC than the molecular classification without Ki-67.

Hemochromatosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Iron Overload ; Liver ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of school foodborne disease outbreaks in Henan Province from 2011 to 2020 and to provide the basis for effective prevention and control of school foodborne disease outbreaks. Methods: The outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools in Henan Province reported by the foodborne disease outbreak surveillance system from 2011 to 2020 were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 47 outbreaks of school foodborne diseases were reported in Henan province in the past 10 years, with a total of 1 258 cases, 701 hospitalizations and 1 death. Zhengzhou, Zhumadian, Xinyang and Xinxiang were the top 4 cities in Henan Province in terms of the number of school foodborne disease outbreaks reported. The peak of foodborne illness incidents in schools was in June and September. The largest number of incidents occurred in middle school canteens and primary school canteens(all 12). The number of reported incidents (12) and the number of cases of foodborne diseases (371) in schools caused by cereals and their products were the largest. Pathogenic bacteria and their toxins were the main pathogenic factors that caused the outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools, accounting for 78.26% of the identified causes. Bacillus cereus was the top pathogens causing foodborne diseases outbreaks in schools. The pathogenic factor that caused the largest number of cases was Diarrheogenic Escherichia Coli, and the pathogenic factor that caused the death cases was poisonous mushrooms. Apart from unexplained incidents, improper processing was the main link leading to foodborne diseases outbreaks in schools. Conclusion The primary and middle school students are the group with high incidence of foodborne diseases in schools. The supervision and management of school canteen should be strengthened in summer to prevent the outbreak of bacterial foodborne diseases caused by improper processing and storage of grain food.

Objective: Combining the aluminium content data of food in Henan Province with the data of children s food consumption, to evaluate probability of dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Methods: Database of nine types of aluminum containing food and their consumption among primary school students in Henan Province were established. The probability distribution of dietary aluminum exposure was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation using Crystal Ball 11.1.2.4 software, and the sensitivity analysis of exposure was conducted. Results: The average content of aluminum in fried bread stick was the highest, with the value of 150.89 mg/kg. The consumption of dietary aluminum was highest in steamed bun, with the value of 0.15 g. The average dietary aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight was 1.99 mg per week of primary school students in Henan Province, accounting for 99.7% of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The 95th percentile of aluminum exposure per kilogram of body weight per week was 6.16 mg, which was three times of that of PTWI. Nearly 13.22% of primary school students had dietary aluminum exposure higher than PTWI. Among all kinds of food, the average aluminum exposure of fried bread stick per kilogram of body weight per week was the highest 1.19 mg. Aluminum content in fried bread stick accounted the highest proportion of average dietary aluminum exposure among primary school students. Conclusion The average dietary aluminum exposure level of primary school students in Henan Province is close to the PTWI established by JECFA, with the high consumption population exceeds the PTWI. Measures should be taken to reduce the dietary aluminum exposure risk of primary school students.

Objective To investigate the effects of xenogenic bone with chitosan/norvancomycin sustained-release biomaterials in treating infectious bone defects in rabbits.Methods Xenogenic bone with chitosan/norvancomycin sustained-release biomaterials was made by electrospinning technique.Rabbit infectious bone defect models were made by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.A successful model was evaluated with the standard of more than three points in Norden score assessment.All models were divided into two groups by random number table method,with eight models in each.The control group was treated with surgical debridement,and the experimental group was implanted with bone particles of xenogenic bone with chitosan/norvancomycin sustained-release system after debridement.Postoperatively,general conditions,X-ray,histological results of HE staining,and bacteriological examination results of the rabbits were observed.Results X-ray showed significant bone defects,sequestration,periosteal reaction,and soft tissue swelling after one month of modeling,with Norden score of (3.84 ± 0.52) points.The general conditions were good and the sinus tracts were healed in experimental group after two months of treatment.The control group demonstrated generally poor conditions with swollen sinus and purulent discharge.Two rabbits were died of sepsis.The pathological scores of tibial were (0.41 ± 0.08) points in experimental group,and (3.27 ± 0.26) points in control group by gross observation.The pathological score of experimental group was significantly lower than control group(P ＜ 0.05).The bone defects were basically repaired in experimental group.The longest diameter of bone defect in experimental group was (0.11 ± 0.02)cm,significantly smaller than (0.48 ± 0.06) cm in control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no obvious signs of osteomyelitis and the bone defects were well repaired in experimental group.Periosteal reaction,soft tissue swelling,a substantial number of bone destruction,and sequestration were observed in control group.The Norden score was (1.32 ± 0.23) points in experimental group,lower than (5.21 ± 0.48) points in control group(P ＜ 0.05).HE staining showed a large amount of trabecular bone formation,bone cell formation,and fibrous hyperplasia in experimental group,with no obvious signs of infection.On the other hand,infiltration of inflammatory cells,necrotic tissue,and sequestration were observed in control group.The histological score was(0.61 ± 0.10) points in experimental group,lower than (4.21 ± 0.41) points in control group (P ＜0.05).The negative rate of bacterial culture in experimental group was 33％,lower than 100％ in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Xenogenic bone with ehitosan/norvancomycin sustained-release biomaterials has excellent effect in infection clearance and bone defect reparation in treatment of infectious bone defects in rabbits.