Objective To compare the results of sample size and power calculated with different methods.Methods Several methods used for the determination of sample size and power in the assessing the bioequivalence of average bioavailability were provided,their principles were introduced,and examples were demonstrated.Results Different estimation methods gave similar results.Conclusion Methods by looking up tables and abbreviated calculation are easy and quick to use,and can satisfy majority of the task requirements.Exact calculation of sample size and power can only be accomplished by using the programs provided.Detailed tables with sample size and power at different situations are provided for reference.

Objectives To identify the possible relationship between polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 on the Chromosome 17 and risk of essential hypertension (EH).Methods The polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 were genotyped using Genetic Analyzer in 325 subjects from 67 Chinese families with EH in Liauning province.The polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 sites were genotyped using Genetic Analyzer and GeneSean Software;PHASE2.1 Software was used in hyplotype analysis and affected sib pair analysis was used in linkage analysis.Results 61 hyplotypes were found in the study population with 272 hypertensive and 53 normotensive subjects and the frequency of haplotype H1 [(CA)18/(CA)11] in the hypertensive (15.4%) was significantly higher than that in the normotensive (6.3%,P＜0.05).Affected sib pair analysis could be applied in 180 subjects,the t values of the D17S1878 and D17S932 were 1.88 and 3.95,respectively (both P＜0.05) suggesting that the transitivity and consistency of the D17S1878 and D17S932 in sib pairs from the pedigrees were higher than expected (25%).Coneinsion The polymorphisms of D17S1878 and D17S932 were possibly linked with predisposing genes of essential hypertension.

Objective To investigate the effect of glucose metabolism alteration induced by alloxan intraventricular injection on learning and memory abilities of mice, and its role in the development of AD. Methods Mice were randomly divided into high-dose alloxan intraventricular injection group (n=7, 4 mg/kg) and low-dose alloxan intraventricular injection group (n=7, 1.5 mg/kg)and control group (n=7, physiological saline); intraventricular injection of alloxan, the O-GLcNAc transferase inhibitor, was performed in the high-dose and low-dose alloxan intraventricular injection groups to interfere the brain glucose metabolism. Morris water maze was used to detect the learning and memory abilities of mice. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the alterations of phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation of neurofilament in mice brain induced by alloxan intraventricular injection. Results In the located navigation tests, the swimming time and distance to find the platform in the mice of alloxan administration were significantly increased as compared with those in the control group (P＜ 0.05); in space exploration experiments, compared with those in the control mice, the number of crossing the hidden platform was decreased and the initial angle of entry to water was increased in the mice of alloxan administration (P＜0.05). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry displayed that phosphorylation was obviously increased and the O-Glycosylation was significantly reduced in the cytoskletal neurofilament of the mice with alloxan administration as compared with those in the control group (P＜0.05), which was similar to the alteration of neurofilament's modification in AD brain. Conclusion The inventricular injection of alloxan could impair the learning and memory of mice, which might have a relation with the dysregulation of phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation in neurofilament caused by the impaired glucose metabolism, which is similar to the alteration of phosphorylation and O-Glycosylation in neurofilament in AD brain.

Background Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) is the main surgical procedure used in type 2 diabetes.The objective of this study was to evaluate the different types of GBP in treatment of type 2 diabetes.Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into two groups:those who underwent gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and those who underwent gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass.Blood glucose alterations,operation time,and operation complicatiors were observed.Results Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass and gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass were both effective in the treatment of selected patients with type 2 diabetes.Compared with gastrojejunal Roux-en-Y bypass,gastrojejunal loop anastomosis bypass had the advantages of easier implementation,shorter operation time,and fewer operation complications.Conclusions Gastrojejunal loop anastomosis is effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes.It is safe,easy to implement,and worthy of clinical popularization.

Objective To analyze the status of quality indicators(QI) on specimen acceptability and establish preliminary qual ity specification.Methods Web based External Quality Assessment system was used to collect data of laboratories partici pated in "Medical quality control indicators in clinical laboratory" from 2015 to 2017,including once in 2015 and 2017 and twice in 2016.Rate and sigma scales were used to evaluate incorrect sample type,incorrect sample container,incorrect fill level and anticoagulant sample clotted.The 25th percentile (P25) and 75th percentile (P75) of the distribution of each QI were employed to establish the high,medium and low specification.Results 5 346,7 593,5 950 and 6 874 laboratories sub mitted the survey results respectively.The P50 of biochemistry (except incorrect fill level),immunology and microbiology reach to 6σ.The P50 of clinical laboratory is 4 to 6σ except for incorrect sample container.There is no significant change of the continuous survey results.Based on results in 2017 to establish the quality specification,the P25 and P75 of the four QIs is 0 and 0.084 4 ％,0 and 0.047 6 ％,0 and 0.114 2 ％,0 and 0.078 4 ％,respectively.Conclusion According to the results of the survey,most laboratories had a faire performance in biochemistry,immunology and microbiology,and clinical laboratory needs to be strengthened.Laboratories should strengthen the laboratory information system construction to ensure the actual and reliable data collection,and make a long time monitoring to achieve a better quality.