The Wnt/beta-catenin pathway has a role in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We screened 100 plant extracts and identified an extract from Euodia sutchuenensis Dode (ESD) leaf and young branch as an effective activator of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. ESD extract increased beta-catenin levels and beta-catenin nuclear accumulation in murine primary osteoblasts. The ESD extract also increased mRNA levels of osteoblast markers, including RUNX2, BMP2 and COL1A1, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in murine primary osteoblasts. Both ESD extract-induced beta-catenin increment and ALP activation were abolished by beta-catenin knockdown, confirming that the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway functions in osteoblast differentiation. ESD extract enhanced terminal osteoblast differentiation as shown by staining with Alizarin Red S and significantly increased murine calvarial bone thickness. This study shows that ESD extract stimulates osteoblast differentiation via the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and enhances murine calvarial bone formation ex vivo.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation/*drug effects ; Evodia/*chemistry ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Osteoblasts/cytology/*drug effects/*metabolism ; Osteogenesis/drug effects ; Plant Extracts/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Skull/anatomy & histology/drug effects/metabolism ; Wnt Signaling Pathway/*drug effects ; beta Catenin/genetics/metabolism