Riboflavin is a constituent of coenzyme, FMN, FAD and its content varies according to the physiological and nutritional status. However, the measurement of its content is so disputable that a new technique to determine its content has been developed, done by determination of glutathione reductase activity in red blood cell hemolysate. With this technique, the effect of various anesthetic agents (ether, halothane, tetracaine) upon riboflavin metabolism has been studied by the authors. In conclusion, the effects of anesthetics upon riboflavin metabolism are insignificant.
Anesthetics ; Erythrocytes* ; Flavin Mononucleotide ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Glutathione Reductase ; Glutathione* ; Halothane ; Metabolism ; Nutritional Status ; Riboflavin

Flavoproteins are proteins that contain a nucleic acid derivative of riboflavin: flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) or flavin mononucleotide (FMN). Flavoproteins are involved in a wide array of biological processes, such as photosynthesis, DNA repair and natural product biosynthesis. It should be noted that 5%-10% of flavoproteins have a covalently linked flavin prosthetic group. Such covalent linkages benefit the holoenzyme in several ways including improving the stability and catalytic potency. During the past decade, significant progress has been made in covalent flavoproteins, especially with respect to enzyme-dependent biogenesis and discovery of novel linkage types. The present review gives a condensed overview of investigations published from March 2009 to December 2021, with emphasis on the discovery, biogenesis and their catalytic role in natural product biosynthesis.
Flavoproteins/metabolism* ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide/metabolism* ; Flavin Mononucleotide/metabolism* ; Riboflavin ; Biological Products

Elevated maternal plasma homocysteine concentrations have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Serum homocysteine levels may be affected by the MTHFR genotypes and the nutritional status of B vitamins including vitamin B2, B6, folate and vitamin B12. We investigated whether postnatal growth measurements were influenced by maternal MTHFR genotypes and their mid-pregnancy serum vitamin B and homocysteine levels. In 130 pregnant women of 24 -28 wks of gestation, the MTHFR genotypes, serum B vitamins and homocysteine concentrations were analyzed. Physical growth status was assessed in their offsprings by measuring height, weight, and head and chest circumferences from birth up to 24 months. Serum homocysteine levels were higher in the subjects with T/T genotype than those with the C/T or C/C. Heights and head and chest circumferences of offsprings from the T/T mothers were significantly lower than those from the C/C or C/T mothers only when the serum homocysteine levels were above the median. The mean height of offsprings from the T/T mothers was significantly lower than those from the C/C and C/T mothers. The mean weight and head circumferences of offsprings born from the mothers whose mid-term pregnancy PLP levels were in the lowest quartile was significantly lower than those from mothers in the highest quartile. Heights and head circumferences of offsprings from the T/T mothers were significantly lower than those from the C/C or C/T mothers only when the serum FAD levels were in the lowest quartile. These results suggest that postnatal growth up to 24 months may be influenced by the maternal C677T MTHFR genotypes, and mid-pregnancy serum homocysteine and vitamin B status.
Female ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Folic Acid ; Genotype* ; Head ; Homocysteine* ; Humans ; Mothers ; Nutritional Status ; Oxidoreductases* ; Parturition ; Plasma ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnant Women ; Riboflavin ; Thorax ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin B Complex ; Vitamins*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and its enzymatic synthetic pathway in cultured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. METHODS: Primarily cultured HTM cells were exposed to 0, 10, 100, 1000 nM of DEX for 3 days. In addition, 100 micrometer sepiapterin, 100 micrometer ascorbic acid, and 10 micrometer methotrexate were co-exposed to DEX. The cellular survival and nitrite production rates were assessed by MTT assay and Griess assay, respectively. RESULTS: DEX did not significantly affect the survival of cultured HTM cells. DEX decreased the NO production in a dose-dependent manner. With co-exposure of DEX, ascorbic acid nullified the DEX-induced decrease of NO production. Sepiapterin and methotrexate did not affect DEX-induced decrease of NO production. CONCLUSIONS: DEX decreased NO production in HTM cells and the de novo pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin may be involved. This decrease may raise intraocular pressure by decreasing trabecular outflow.
Ascorbic Acid ; Biopterin ; Dexamethasone ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Methotrexate ; Nitric Oxide ; Pterins ; Trabecular Meshwork

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and its enzymatic synthetic pathway in cultured human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. METHODS: Primarily cultured HTM cells were exposed to 0, 10, 100, 1000 nM of DEX for 3 days. In addition, 100 micrometer sepiapterin, 100 micrometer ascorbic acid, and 10 micrometer methotrexate were co-exposed to DEX. The cellular survival and nitrite production rates were assessed by MTT assay and Griess assay, respectively. RESULTS: DEX did not significantly affect the survival of cultured HTM cells. DEX decreased the NO production in a dose-dependent manner. With co-exposure of DEX, ascorbic acid nullified the DEX-induced decrease of NO production. Sepiapterin and methotrexate did not affect DEX-induced decrease of NO production. CONCLUSIONS: DEX decreased NO production in HTM cells and the de novo pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin may be involved. This decrease may raise intraocular pressure by decreasing trabecular outflow.
Ascorbic Acid ; Biopterin ; Dexamethasone ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Methotrexate ; Nitric Oxide ; Pterins ; Trabecular Meshwork

Riboflavin in unstable in light and has a maximum absorption at 450nm. A study was designed to determine whether riboflavin deficiency developed in neonate who received phototherapy with eight day light bulbs for hyperbilirubinemia and to get normal value of activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase in neonate. Twenty-seven infants who received phototherapy were investigated. Thirth-eight normal infants without phototherapy served as controls. All the infants of the two groups were fed artificially and then dialy riboflavin intake in each was more than 0.3mg. Riboflavin was determined from the degree of flavin adenine dinucleotide saturation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase, a method shown to reflect riboflavin nutritional status on the neonates. This is expressed as the activity coefficient. The mean activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase in control group was 1.15+/-0.16. In phototherapy group, mean activity coefficient of just prior to the initiation and just after cessation of phototherapy were similar with the mean activity coefficient of control group and there was no significant increment of activity coefficient after phototherapy. There was no significant difference between the changes of activity coefficient according to light intensity. And also there was no significnat difference between the changes of activity coefficient according to duration of phototherapy and according to total phototherapeuti cdose.
Absorption ; Erythrocytes ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Glutathione Reductase ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Nutritional Status ; Phototherapy* ; Reference Values ; Riboflavin Deficiency ; Riboflavin*

Riboflavin in unstable in light and has a maximum absorption at 450nm. A study was designed to determine whether riboflavin deficiency developed in neonate who received phototherapy with eight day light bulbs for hyperbilirubinemia and to get normal value of activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase in neonate. Twenty-seven infants who received phototherapy were investigated. Thirth-eight normal infants without phototherapy served as controls. All the infants of the two groups were fed artificially and then dialy riboflavin intake in each was more than 0.3mg. Riboflavin was determined from the degree of flavin adenine dinucleotide saturation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase, a method shown to reflect riboflavin nutritional status on the neonates. This is expressed as the activity coefficient. The mean activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase in control group was 1.15+/-0.16. In phototherapy group, mean activity coefficient of just prior to the initiation and just after cessation of phototherapy were similar with the mean activity coefficient of control group and there was no significant increment of activity coefficient after phototherapy. There was no significant difference between the changes of activity coefficient according to light intensity. And also there was no significnat difference between the changes of activity coefficient according to duration of phototherapy and according to total phototherapeuti cdose.
Absorption ; Erythrocytes ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Glutathione Reductase ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Nutritional Status ; Phototherapy* ; Reference Values ; Riboflavin Deficiency ; Riboflavin*

Focal acantholytic dyskeratosis (FAD) was introduced by Ackerman to describe a group of clinically various dermatologic conditions having a similar histologic appearance. The characteristic histologic findings included (1) suprabasilar clefts around preserved papillae, (2) acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells at all levels of the epidermis, and (3) hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. Almost solitary lesions of FAD are histologically incidental or clinically nodular(warty dyskeratoma). The papular form of solitary FAD is an extremely rare condition identified by the reviewing of specimens or reported as a solitary lesion developing in the mouth. We report a case of focal acantholytic dyskeratosis presenting as a solitary papule on the perianal area.
Epidermis ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Mouth ; Parakeratosis

AIMTo study the synthesis and antitumour activities of some aryl-substituted pteridines.

METHODSA series of aryl-substituted pteridines were synthesized from 4, 6-diamino-5-nitrosopyrimidines by cyclization with 4-aminophenylacetonitriles. The antitumour activities were tested by MTT method.

RESULTSNine new compounds (I-III) were synthesized and their structures were characterized by EA, IR, 1HNMR and MS spectra. Compounds I-III showed antitumour activities in vitro.

CONCLUSIONCompounds I-III showed remarkable antitumour activities in vitro. No interaction was determined between the title compounds and calf thymus DNA. It indicated that these compounds possibly inhibit dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) or other enzymes on which folic acid depends.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Humans ; KB Cells ; drug effects ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Molecular Structure ; Pteridines ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology

The purpose of this study was to fad the specific character of menu patterns by sex, age and health risk of subjects for the basic data of a nutrition education program. The dietary intake of the subjects was investigated by the 24-hour recall method. Subjects consisted of male 94, female 394, total 488. To analyze patterns, dishes were classified into major staple foods ; kimchi, soup and side dishes and also classified into 24 categories by the cooking method. For the men, a frequently served pattern was cooked rice + soup + kimchi. For the women, the pattern was also cooked rice + soup + kimchi. For the 20-49 year olds and the 50-64 year olds, frequently served patterns were cooked rice + soup + kimchi > noodle + kimchi. For the 65-74 year olds, those patterns were cooked rice + stew > cooked rice + kimchi. For the normal group and the risk group, the frequently served pattern was cooked rice + soup + kimchi. The most used menu pattern by the number of dishes was cooked rice + soup + kimchi in the male, female, normal group and risk group. For the 20-49 year olds, the pattern was cooked rice + soup + kimchi and noodle + kimchi. For the 50-64 year olds, it was cooked rice + soup + kimchi. For the 65-74 years old, it was cooked rice + stew. The result of analyzing patterns for the most used main staple food was cooked rice in all groups. The results of analyzing patterns, with those considered basic food, cooked rice, soup and stew, showed that frequently served patterns were cooked rice + soup > cooked rice > cooked rice + stew in all groups. With these results, we can summarize that the menu patterns of people in Kangbukgu was the younger, the more non-traditional. Also, the normal group had more various patterns than those of the risk group. Thus, we need further research about menu patterns to provide adequate nutrition education.
Cooking ; Education ; Female ; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide ; Humans ; Male