1.Determination of Salt Forms of New Psychoactive Substances by Ion Chromatography.
Yue Meng CHEN ; Zhen Dong HUA ; Cui Mei LIU ; Wei JIA ; Yan WANG ; Shan LIU
Journal of Forensic Medicine 2021;37(4):500-504
Objective To establish an ion chromatography method for the salt form determination of new psychoactive substances (NPS). Methods The method of conducting qualitative and quantitative analysis of six types of organic acid ions (acetate ion, tartrate ion, maleate ion, oxalate ion, fumarate ion, citrate ion) and five types of inorganic anions (fluoride ion, chloride ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, phosphate ion) in NPS sample by ion chromatography was developed. The salt forms of 222 seized NPS samples (103 samples with synthetic cannabinoids, 81 samples with cathinones, 44 samples with phenylethylamines, 12 samples with tryptamines, 7 samples with phencyclidines, 6 samples with piperazines, 2 samples with aminoindenes, 26 samples with fentanyls and 43 samples with other types of NPS) were analyzed by this method. Results Each anion had good linearity in the corresponding linear range, the correlation coefficients (r) were greater than 0.999, the limits of detection were 0.01-0.05 mg/L, and the limits of quantitative were 0.1-0.5 mg/L. Except that 5F-BEPIRAPIM was hydrochloride, the salt forms of the other 102 synthetic cannabinoids were all base. The salt form of 81 cathinone samples, 44 phenylethylamine samples, 7 phencyclidine samples and 2 aminoindene samples were all hydrochloride. The salt forms of tryptamine samples included base, hydrochloride, fumarate and oxalate. The salt forms of piperazine samples included base and hydrochloride. The salt forms of fentanyl samples and samples of other types included base, hydrochloride and citrate. Conclusion Ion chromatography is a simple, accurate and efficient method for determining the salt form of NPS samples, which makes the qualitative and quantitative conclusions of NPS more scientific and rigorous.
Chromatography, Liquid
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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
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Ions
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Psychotropic Drugs/chemistry*
2.Identification of the New Psychoactive Substance Dibutylone.
Kua Dou WANG ; Fang Qi CAO ; Xue JIANG ; Hong CHEN ; Xie Liang YUAN ; Yong Sheng CHEN ; Jun Jian HU
Journal of Forensic Medicine 2019;35(6):682-686
Objective To establish a method to identify unknown samples based on combined use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (NMR) technique. Methods The unknown samples were dissolved in methanol solution containing internal standard SKF525A and detected by GC-MS and HRMS. The mixed samples were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, and then dissolved in methanol-d4 solution for structural analysis of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). Results The characteristic fragment ions (m/z) were 86.1 (base peak), 71.2, 121.1, and 149.0, and the accurate mass number of molecular ion peak was measured by HRMS to be 236.128 89. By combined use of data analysis and database comparison, a new psychoactive substance of the cathinone class, Dibutylone, was detected in the sample, and the sample also contained a small amount of caffeine. The sample was purified, then identified using 1H NMR, and was further confirmed to be Dibutylone. In addition, the GC-MS retention time and characteristic fragment ions of the main components of the sample were consistent with those of Dibutylone reference material. Conclusion The method established in this study can be used for the identification of Dibutylone in mixed samples.
Chromatography, Liquid
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Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
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Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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Mass Spectrometry
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N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/isolation & purification*
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Psychotropic Drugs/chemistry*
3.Plant food and incense: the new substances of abuse.
Munidasa WINSLOW ; John Cm WONG ; Rathi MAHENDREN
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2013;42(7):356-357
Adolescent
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Adult
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Drug and Narcotic Control
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trends
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Humans
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Male
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Paranoid Disorders
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etiology
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Plant Poisoning
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prevention & control
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psychology
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Product Packaging
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legislation & jurisprudence
;
trends
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Psychotropic Drugs
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pharmacology
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Salvia
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adverse effects
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chemistry
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Street Drugs
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adverse effects
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legislation & jurisprudence
4."High" on Muscle Spray - Ethyl Chloride Abuse.
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2019;48(2):67-68
Anesthetics, Local
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chemistry
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pharmacology
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toxicity
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Central Nervous System
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drug effects
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Ethyl Chloride
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chemistry
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pharmacology
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toxicity
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Humans
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Inhalation
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Male
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Medical History Taking
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Neurologic Examination
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Patient Care Management
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methods
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Psychotropic Drugs
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chemistry
;
pharmacology
;
toxicity
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Substance-Related Disorders
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etiology
;
physiopathology
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psychology
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therapy
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Treatment Outcome
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Volatilization
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Young Adult