Content validity is the degree to which an instrument has an appropriate sample of items for the construct being measured and is an important procedure in scale development. Content validity index (CVI) is the most widely used index in quantitative evaluation. There are 2 kinds of CVI: I-CVI and S-CVI. A method to compute a modified kappa statistic (K*) can be used to adjust I-CVI for chance agreement. S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave are both scale level CVI with different formulas. Researchers recommend that a scale with excellent content validity should be composed of I-CVIs of 0.78 or higher and S-CVI/UA and S-CVI/Ave of 0.8 and 0.9 or higher, respectively. The characteristics and qualifications of the experts, process and main results of content validity evaluation should be reported in scale-related manuscript.
Data Collection ; Humans ; Psychometrics ; methods ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards

PURPOSE: To develop and psychometrically test the Korean version of the Cultural Competence Scale for Nurses (K-CCSN). METHODS: A multi-phase questionnaire development method was used to develop the scale from November 2012 to April 2013. The item pool was generated based on literature review, existing scales and in-depth interviews. The content validity was evaluated twice by an expert panel. The scale validation was conducted with a convenience sample of 456 general hospital nurses recruited from five general hospitals and a nursing college in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of South Korea. The construct-related and criterion-related validity and internal consistency reliability of the scale were tested. RESULTS: The 33-item K-CCSN comprised four subscalesdcultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural sensitivity and cultural skillsdexplaining 53.96% of the total variance. The criterion-related validity was supported by a known-group comparison. The reliability analysis showed an acceptable-to-high Cronbach's alpha in total and for subscales ranging from .879 to .932. CONCLUSION: This preliminary evaluation of psychometric scale properties demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. The K-CCSN is able to provide scientific and empirical data regarding the cultural competence of clinical nurses. However, further studies are needed to test the applicability of the scale in different settings and contexts.
Adult ; *Cultural Competency ; Culturally Competent Care/*standards ; Humans ; *Nursing Staff, Hospital ; Psychometrics/*standards ; Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; *Students, Nursing

Objective To validate the Union Physio-Psycho-Social Assessment Questionnaire(UPPSAQ-70)and test its validity and reliability.Methods From April,2013 to July,2018,patients were asked to finish the computer evaluation of UPPSAQ-70 and Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH).Confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)was conducted on the SPSS 17.0,and the number of fixed factors was 8 factors and 3 factors.Amos 23.0 was used to verify the original 8-factor model,8-factor revision model,3-factor model,3-factor revision model,and single-factor model.Each factor of SCL-90 was used as the calibration standard to calculate the correlation coefficient between factors.The retest reliability was tested by the outpatients in PUMCH in July,2018.Results Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the 8-factor revised model included:depression,anxiety and fatigue,sleep,physical discomfort,sexual function,happiness and satisfaction,hypochondria,and social anxiety.The 3 factors revised model included that:psychological,physiological and social dimension.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 8-factor modified model was superior to the 3-factor model and the single-factor model: =10 410.4,=1862,RMSEA=0.07,CFI=0.753,and NFI=0.715.With SCL-90 as the standard criteria,except the low correlation coefficient between emotional scale and depression(=0.600)and anxiety(=0.520),the correlation coefficients of other symptoms were below 0.5.The chronbach's between each factor and total score of UPPSAQ-70 was between 0.823 and 0.904,and the Chronbach's coefficient of the whole scale was between 0.954 and 0.956 after each item was deleted.The retest reliability of the scale of 32 participants Chronbach's was 0.847.Each item of the scale measured between one week was significantly correlated(<0.05). Conclusion UPPSAQ-70 is a good scale for evaluating overall health status and is especially feasible in general hospitals.
Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Psychological Tests ; standards ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Psychosocial problems increase the risk for mental health problems and increase the need for health care services in children and adolescents. Primary care practice is a valuable avenue for identifying the need for more specialized mental health care. We hypothesized that Korean version of the pediatric symptom checklist (PSC) would be a useful tool for early detection of psychosocial problems in children and adolescents in Korea and we aimed to suggest cut-off scores for detecting meaningful psychosocial problems. A total of 397 children with their parents and 97 child patients with their parents were asked to complete the PSC Korean version and the child behavior checklist (CBCL). The internal reliability and test-retest reliability of the PSC as well as the cut-off score of the PSC was determined via receiver operating characteristic analysis of the CBCL score, clinical group scores and non-clinical group scores. The internal consistency of the PSC-Korean version was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95). The test-retest reliability was r = 0.73 (P < 0.001). Using clinical CBCL scores (total score, externalizing score, internalizing score, respectively > or = 60) and presence of clinical diagnosis, the recommended cut-off score of the PSC was 14. Using 494 Korean children aged 7-12 yr, the current study assessed the reliability and validity of a Korean version of the PSC and suggested a cut-off for recommending further clinical assessment. The present results suggest that the Korean version of the PSC has good internal consistency and validity using the standard of CBCL scores.
Checklist/methods/*standards ; Child ; Child Behavior Disorders/*diagnosis/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening/standards ; Pediatrics/*standards ; Population ; Psychometrics/methods/*standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Surveys and Questionnaires/standards ; Symptom Assessment/methods/*standards ; Translating ; United States

PURPOSE: This study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Self-Efficacy of Evidence-Based Practice (SE-EBP) scale, which was originally developed by Chang and Crowe. The beta-version of the SE-EBP is a modified version of the original SE-EBP, which measures the clinical nurses' confidence in finding, appraising, and implementing evidence into practice. Although the original SE-EBP has been validated, no study has been conducted to validate the Korean version of SE-EBP. METHODS: The original scale was translated into Korean through a process of forward and back translation of the original scale. After getting confirmation of the equivalence of the Korean forward translation by the original author, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of data from 212 clinical nurses were used to test construct validity. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach α coefficients. For the statistical analysis, STATA version 13.0 software program was used. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis of the 28 items revealed three factors with eigenvalues above 1, accounting for 60.2% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit of the three-factor structure which was statistically significant (χ2 = 718.61, df = 330, p < .01). For internal consistency, Cronbach a coefficient for the total scalewas .95, and itwas greater than .80 for each of the three subscales. CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of SE-EBP scale showed evidence of adequate construct validity and reliability. This study might have contributed to a wider application of the SE-EBP scale, but further studies are needed to provide more evidence on the structure of the scale.
Adult ; Aged ; Evidence-Based Nursing/*standards ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nurses/*standards ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Self Efficacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires/*standards ; Translations ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To develop a specific quality of life (QOL) scale for Chinese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: The scale was developed with the programmed decision methods. The item pool was certified by experts. Five methods were used in item selection after a pilot study for which 256 BPH patients had been recruited. The scale was evaluated by its reliability and validity. RESULTS: We formed a 27-item quality of life scale specific for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia prior test version (BPHSQL). The test-retest correlation coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of BPHSQL were 0. 774 and 0. 945. The structure of the scale was similar to the theory construction. The scale's correlation coefficients with criteria ranged from 0.531 to 0.700. BPHSQL could well discriminate the quality of life between BPH and non-BPH patients as well as patients with different degrees of symptoms, different sources and patients with or without urethral catheters. CONCLUSION BPHSQL is reliable, valid and sensitive, and will be a convenient tool in clinical research to provide advice on different treatments for different patients.
Adult ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; psychology ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards

OBJECTIVE: To develop a specific quality of life scale for Chinese Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. METHODS: According to the quality of life definition of WHO, we used methods adhered to the rigorous guidelines of instrument development in item pool formation, item selection and scale validation with the data of 236 Type 2 diabetic patients recruited. RESULTS: An 87-item Quality of Life Scale for patients with Type 2 DM-prior test version ( DMQLS), including 5 domains ( disease, physical, social, psychological, and satisfaction ) was developed and showed good reliability and validity. The disease domain made up of Type 2 diabetes mellitus-specific sub-scale and the other 4 domains formed the generic sub-scale for adults. The test-retest correlation coefficient, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and split-half reliability coefficient of DMQLS were 0.996, 0.969 and 0.879, respectively. Twenty-one common factors were extracted according to the conceptual model. The scale's correlations with SF-36 and Diabetes Quality of Life Measure ( DQOL ) were 0.763 and 0.658. DMQLS could discriminate among those with different quality of lives. CONCLUSION DMQLS is reliable, valid and sensitive, and can be used to evaluate the curative effect of Type 2 diabetic patients.
Adult ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; psychology ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychometrics ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; standards

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Male Urinary Distress Inventory (MUDI) and Male Urinary Symptom Impact Questionnaire (MUSIQ). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A convenient sample of community-dwelling older men with urinary incontinence participated. A cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. A panel of experts completed the initial translation into Korean and back-translated the MUDI and MUSIQ. Upon establishment of the content and translation equivalence between English and Korean versions of the MUDI and MUSIQ, psychometric properties were evaluated for reliability, concurrent, and construct validity with a sample of 143 older men. RESULTS: The internal consistencies of both instruments were found to be acceptable, and Cronbach's coefficients were 0.88 for the MUDI-K and 0.92 for the MUSIQ-K. A significant moderate correlation between MUDI-K and MUSIQ-K was found in this study, indicating modest concurrent validity between these 2 instruments (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). For construct validity, the mean scores of the MUDI-K were significantly different for age, marital status, prostate surgery, erectile dysfunction, and depression (p < 0.05). The means scores of MUSIQ-K were significantly different for depression (p < 0.05) only. For both the MUDI-K and MUSIQ-K, 7 factors were extracted, accounting for 68.1% and 72.1% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that the MUDI-K and MUSIQ-K can be used as a reliable and valid measure of health-related quality of life in community- dwelling Korean older men with urinary incontinence.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics/*standards ; Questionnaires/*standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Translations ; Urinary Incontinence/*physiopathology/*psychology

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39). METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation was performed according to the international guidelines: forward and backward translation, focus group meeting, and a field test. With Korean consensus translation produced, validation was assessed by evaluating reliability and validity. Ninety-three outpatients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 89 healthy aged controls were recruited. Internal consistency reliability was assessed by Cronbach's alpha. Validity was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis, t test, factor analysis, and analysis of variance with Duncan's multiple range tests. RESULTS: In the PD group, mean age was 65.13 +/- 9.84 years, and mean duration of PD was 42.41 +/- 37.01 months. Ceiling and floor effects ranged 1.1%-2.2% and 1.1%-15.1%, respectively. Cronbach's alpha of eight dimensions ranged from .70 to .97. All dimensions were correlated with each other, except for the stigma dimension. PD patients had significantly lower quality of life than healthy aged controls did, except for the bodily discomfort dimension. Eight dimensions of Korean PDQ-39 loaded on one factor. PD patients with a Modified Hoehn and Yarh Staging score of 4 had the worst quality of life. The relationships among the eight dimensions of Koran PDQ-39 and the Modified Hoehn and Yarh Staging is fair to good, except for the stigma and social support dimension. CONCLUSION: The Korean PDQ-39 was proved to be reliable and valid. Our results suggest that Korean PDQ-39 could be used in clinical research to assess and evaluate the disease process and its impacts on health-related quality of life in Korean PD patients.
Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease/*psychology ; Psychometrics/*standards ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires/*standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; Translations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Dutch Objective Burden Inventory (DOBI) for the Turkish society. METHODS: This is a descriptive, methodological study. The sample was composed of 230 heart failure patients' caregivers. RESULTS: The DOBI was translated using translation and back-translation. The translated Turkish version was submitted to eight experts who analyzed it for its content validity. Scores from the experts were evaluated using the Kendall W analysis, and no statistically significant difference was found among the scores (Kendall W = .13, p = .338). In the confirmatory factor analysis, factor loading was found to be between 0.75 and 1.00 for all subscales. Thus, the DOBI demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (the components displayed alpha scores from .96 to .99), good test-retest reliability (no statistically significant differences were found, p > .050). CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish version of the DOBI scale is a valid and reliable tool for the Turkish population. It can be used in nursing practices and research.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Caregivers/*psychology ; Female ; Heart Failure/*nursing/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics/*standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Stress, Psychological ; Turkey