Two theories have been suggested for the etiology of pseudo-aldosteronism with Glycyrrhizae radix intake : 1) Differing sensitivities to Glycyrrhizae radix between patients, 2) Differing daily Glycyrrhizae radix dosages between patients.We treated two patients who were relieved of their pseudo-aldosteronism, through a reduction in their daily Glycyrrhizae radix dosage. These cases suggest that Glycyrrhizae radix intake, rather than individual metabolic differences, influences the development of pseudo-aldosteronism.
Hyperaldosteronism ; Pseudo brand of pseudoephedrine ; Individual ; Quantity ; Human Development

Life expectancy does not necessarily match quality of life (QOL). A cohort study involving a population of 10,107 in a certain city of Japan was conducted to evaluate active life expectancy (ALE), which has a direct relationship with QOL. The ALE that took functional recovery rates into account was 17.20 and 19.08 years for males and females respectively, at the age of 65. These values increased by 2.98 and 3.87 years for men and women, respectively, compared with when functional recovery rates were not considered. ALE may serve as an indicator for the objective evaluation of various public health services provided by local governments.
Life Expectancy ; seconds ; Cities ; Active brand of pseudoephedrine-triprolidine ; Old episode

OBJECTIVETo establish an HPLC method for determining the contents of scopolamine hydrobromide, atropine sulfate, ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in Zhichuanling oral liquid.

METHODAgela Durashell RP-C18 (4. 6 mm x250 mm, 5 microm) was adopted, with acetonitrile-sodium phosphate buffer solution (0. 07 mol L-1 sodium phosphate solution with 17.5 mmol L-1 sodium dodecylsulfate adjusted to pH 6.0 with phosphoric acid solution) (30:70) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0. 9 mL min -1, the detection wavelength was 207 nm, and the column temperature was 25 degree C.

RESULTScopolamine hydrobromide, atropine sulfate, ephedrine hlvdrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride showed good linear relations with peak areas within the concentration range of 0. 021 21-1. 060 5 pg (r =0. 999 3) , 0. 011 14-0. 557 microg (r = 0. 999 6) , 0. 200 56-10. 028 microg (r =0. 999 7) and 0.070 33-3. 516 5 gg (r =0. 999 6), respectively, with the average recoveries of 101.9% , 99. 80%, 100. 3%, 100. 2% (n=6).

CONCLUSIONThe method was so quick, simple, highly reproducible and specific that it could be used as one of quality control methods of Zhichuanling oral liquid.

Atropine ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ephedrine ; analysis ; Pseudoephedrine ; analysis ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; analysis

OBJECTIVEAn HPLC method was developed to determinate Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride and Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Compound BuluoWeimaNamin Tablets.

METHODSUsing HPLC with Kromasil C18 column, and acetonitrile -0.5% SDS- phosphate (580:420:1) as the mobile phase. The wavelength for detection was 262 nm.

RESULTSBetter linearities and good correlation coefficients were obtained: the concentration ranges of ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate were over 2.062-14.434 microg (r=0.9999), 0.296-2.072l microg (r=0.9999), and 0.0204~0.1428 microg (r=0.9998), respectively. The recoveries of ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and chlorpheniramine maleate were 99.98% (RSD=0.52%), 99.72 (RSD=0.82%) and 99.545 (RSD=0.76%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method was convenient, accurate and specific. It can be used as a method to control quality of Compound Buluoweimanamin Tablets.

Chlorpheniramine ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Ibuprofen ; analysis ; Pseudoephedrine ; analysis ; Tablets ; chemistry

Ischemic colitis is the consequence of a sudden reduction in colon blood supply, which in turn results in ischemic injury. The splenic flexure and rectosigmoid junction are the areas most often affected. Ischemic colitis occurs with greater frequency in the elderly and is caused by various medications and procedures. Pseudoephedrine acts as a vasoconstrictor directly affecting adrenal receptors of nasal mucous membrane. Pseudoephedrine occasionally causes vascular insufficiency due to intense vasoconstriction, even at standard doses. Ischemic colitis associated with pseudoephedrine has been reported in other countries,, but it has never been reported in Korea. In this paper, we describe 3 cases of ischemic colitis that occurred after taking pseudoephedrine for nasal congestion.
Aged ; Colitis, Ischemic* ; Colon ; Colon, Transverse ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Mucous Membrane ; Pseudoephedrine* ; Vasoconstriction

Ischemic colitis is the most common form of gastrointestinal ischemia. Factors that can contribute to the development of ischemic colitis include atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, sustained hypovolemia, vasculitis, and mechanical colonic obstruction. Also, pharmacologic agents, including diuretics, pseudoephedrine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and oral contraceptives may be the cause of colonic ischemia. Oral sulfate-free polyethylene glycol (SF-PEG, Colyte-F(R)) has frequently been used as a cleaning agent in bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Some cases of ischemic colitis produced by oral hyperosmotic laxatives have been reported; however, no case has been reported regarding ischemic colitis caused by SF-PEG. Herein we report a rare case of ischemic colitis caused by oral sulfate-free polyethylene glycol, which was given for bowel preparation before colonoscopy in a 70-year-old man with chronic constipation.
Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; Colitis, Ischemic ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Constipation ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Diuretics ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypovolemia ; Ischemia ; Laxatives ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Pseudoephedrine ; Vasculitis

Ischemic colitis is the most common form of gastrointestinal ischemia. Factors that can contribute to the development of ischemic colitis include atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, sustained hypovolemia, vasculitis, and mechanical colonic obstruction. Also, pharmacologic agents, including diuretics, pseudoephedrine, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and oral contraceptives may be the cause of colonic ischemia. Oral sulfate-free polyethylene glycol (SF-PEG, Colyte-F(R)) has frequently been used as a cleaning agent in bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Some cases of ischemic colitis produced by oral hyperosmotic laxatives have been reported; however, no case has been reported regarding ischemic colitis caused by SF-PEG. Herein we report a rare case of ischemic colitis caused by oral sulfate-free polyethylene glycol, which was given for bowel preparation before colonoscopy in a 70-year-old man with chronic constipation.
Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; Colitis, Ischemic ; Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Constipation ; Contraceptives, Oral ; Diuretics ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypovolemia ; Ischemia ; Laxatives ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Pseudoephedrine ; Vasculitis

The diagnosis of fixed drug eruption is straightforward because of characteristic findings, including recurrence of similar lesions at the same site and healing with residual hyperpigmentation. However, generalized or multiple fixed drug eruption, a rare variant form, can be a diagnostic challenge. Acebrophylline is a widely prescribed oral bronchodilator with mucosecretolyic and anti-inflammatory activity and is known to be relatively safe. A 34-year-old woman presented with recurrent numerous erythematous patches after ingestion of cold medications containing clarithromycin, loxoprofen, acebrophylline, and pseudoephedrine. Skin biopsy results showed vacuolar degeneration of the basal cell layer, scattered necrotic keratinocytes in the epidermis, and perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltration in the upper dermis. A patch test showed negative results. However, in an oral challenge with acebrophylline 3 hours later, lesions reappeared at the same sites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of acebrophylline-induced generalized fixed drug eruption.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Clarithromycin ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Drug Eruptions* ; Eating ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Keratinocytes ; Patch Tests ; Pseudoephedrine ; Recurrence ; Skin

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for the determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in Herba Ephedrae and Maxing Shigan Tang by capillary zone electrophoresis.

METHODThe conditions of the experiment were optimized with a fused-silica capillary of 60 cm x 50 microm (50 cm effective length) in a running buffer of 50 mmol x L(-1) borax-20 mmol x L(-1) threonine (pH 9.27) and an applied voltage of 15 kV (room temperature). Samples were introduced by hydrodynamic injections (10 cm x 20 s)and determined with on-column UV monitoring at 210 nm. Phenobarbital was chosen as the internal standard.

RESULTEphedrine and pseudoephedrine are separated successfully within 8 min. The linear responses covered the ranges from 21.3 to 213 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.9996) for ephedrine and from 8.4 to 84 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.9995) for pseudoephedrine. The detection limits (S/N = 3) of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were shown to be 1.45 and 1.48 microg x mL(-1), respectively, The quantitation limits (S/N = 10) of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were shown to be 4.81 and 4.93 mg x L(-1), respectively. The average recoveries for ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were 97.5% and 98.6% with RSD less than 5.0%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid, cost-effective and precise with satisfactory results.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Ephedra sinica ; chemistry ; Ephedrine ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pseudoephedrine ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: It has been suggested that the combination of a leukotriene receptor antagonist with an antihistamine may have beneficial effects in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study were to evaluate the effects of combining a leukotriene receptor antagonist, pranlukast, and an antihistamine, cetirizine, to treat nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis and the quality of life of the patients. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Thirty-three patients with allergic rhinitis were enrolled in this study. The control group (n=12) received 5 mg cetirizine plus 120 mg pseudoephedrine twice a day while the study group (n=21) received 5 mg cetirizine plus 225 mg pranlukast twice a day. Patients completed a daily symptom-score list for nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal itching during the 7-day treatment period. They also answered the quality of life questionnaire before and after the completion of 7-day treatment. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in the nasal symptoms after the treatment in the control and the study group. However, there was no significant difference between the control and the study group on the improvement of nasal symptom-scores except for the rhinorrhea symptom-score. There were significant improvements in the quality of life domain after the treatment in the control group and the study group. However, there was no significant difference between the control and the study group on the improvement in quality of life domain except for activity limitations. CONCLUSION: A combination of pranlukast and cetirizine is as effective as a combination of pseudoephedrine and cetirizine in treating allergic rhinitis. Therefore, a combination of pranlukast and cetirizine may be another therapeutic alternative for allergic rhinitis patients who are not tolerable of pseudoephedrine.
Cetirizine* ; Histamine Antagonists ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Leukotrienes ; Nasal Obstruction ; Pruritus ; Pseudoephedrine ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; Rhinitis* ; Sneezing