Milker's nodule is a harmless skin lesion that's caused by the paravaccinia virus (also called pseudocowpox virus), which is a member of the genus Parapoxviridae. It occurs worldwide, but it is prevalent only in individuals who are in close contact with cattle. We report here on a woman who presented with a dusky purpuric center surrounded by a white or gray ring and an outer red halo on the back of the right hand. Histologically, intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were evident in the upper epidermis, and these revealed cylindrical virus particles on electron microscopy. Parapoxvirus was identified by polymerase chain reaction with using pan-parapoxvirus primer 1 (PPP-1) and PPP-4.
Animals ; Cattle ; Epidermis ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Microscopy, Electron ; Parapoxvirus ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pseudocowpox virus ; Skin ; Virion

This study is to establish a cell-based pharmacological model targeting HIV-1 replication for compounds screening and to screen compounds randomly selected from compounds library by using this pseudotyped viral system. The cell-based HIV-1 replication pharmacological model was set up by HIV-1 core packed with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. The level of HIV-1 replication was presented by reporter genes expression (luciferase activity or percentage of GFP positive cells). When a compound has inhibitory effect on VSVG/HIV model, VSVG/MLV model would be used to test for specificity. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein can efficiently mediate HIV core into a wide range of host cells. Expression level of reporter genes showed dose-dependent manner with virion dilution. Among 500 compounds, three compounds dose-dependently inhibit HIV-1 replication, but not MLV replication. VSVG/HIV pseudotyped viral system can be used as a pharmacological model for HIV-1 replication inhibitor screening. Compounds 2-methylthio-5-(4-methylbenzo)amido-l,3,4-thiadiazole, N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionamide, and N-(4-picolyl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide can specifically inhibit HIV-1 replication with IC50 of 1.92, 5.38, and 3.39 micromol L(-1) respectively.
Anti-HIV Agents ; pharmacology ; DNA Replication ; drug effects ; Didanosine ; pharmacology ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; methods ; Genes, Reporter ; drug effects ; genetics ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; physiology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; pharmacology ; Pseudocowpox Virus ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Virus Replication ; drug effects ; Zidovudine ; pharmacology