OBJECTIVETo establish Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment standard procedure for patients with HIV associated pruritus.

METHODSA Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment standard procedure for patients with HIV associated pruritus was established by literature retrieval and peer review. Two questionnaires were carried out to investigate the confirmation and advice of in-group specialists to key points of the draft including diagnosis, treatment and nursing. Then the procedures were revised accordingly.

RESULTSThe recovery rate of complete questionnaires in the 1st survey was 96%. Specialists confirmed more on case history and physical examinations, syndrome differentiation of three syndrome types, treatment of blood deficiency wind dryness syndrome (BDWDS) and nursing. They held different opinions on the outlines, auxiliary examinations, treatment of blood heat induced wind evil syndrome (BHWES) and wind cold and dampness accumulation syndrome (WCDAS), of which the coefficient of variations (CVs) was within 0.1603 -0.2473. The procedures were revised and the 2nd survey was launched. The recovery rate of complete questionnaires in the 2nd survey was 100%. Specialists confirmed more on case history and physical examinations, diagnostic criteria, syndrome differentiation of BDWDS and WCDAS, and treatment of BDWDS, of which CVs was 0. All indicated high agreement and good compliance. The CVs of other items were within 0.0638-0.1439, less than those of the 1st survey. The consistency of experts' opinions were somewhat improved. The contribution by one single item showed less difference in assessing the overall results in the two surveys. A new revision of the procedure was preliminarily established according to results of two surveys.

CONCLUSIONSExperts' activeness, concentration, and coordination were good in the two surveys. They had reached consensus in key points of the draft including diagnosis, treatment, and nursing.

Consensus ; HIV Infections ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Pruritus ; etiology ; therapy ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Adult ; Exanthema ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Pruritus ; physiopathology ; Steroids ; administration & dosage ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To explore the clinical application effect of sequential nursing on the management of new skin on face and neck after deep burns. Methods: The retrospective case-control research approach was used. From January to December 2019, 109 patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (the Third Military Medical University) within 1 week after deep burn wound healing on the face and neck. Fifty-five patients who were admitted to the hospital from January to June and received comprehensive treatment and conventional nursing were included in conventional nursing group (27 males and 28 females, aged 21-65 (40±17) years), and fifty-four patients who were admitted to the hospital from July to December and received comprehensive treatment and sequential nursing were included in sequential nursing group (29 males and 25 females, aged 18-57 (37±11) years). The scores of pigmentation, vascularity, pliability, and thickness in Vancouver scar scale (VSS), the total score of VSS, the score of itch's impact on sleep in the four-item itch questionnaire (FIIQ), and the total score of FIIQ of patients were counted in the two groups before the first treatment (hereinafter referred to as treatment) and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after treatment. The treatment effective rate and the score of patients' satisfaction with the treatment effect in one year after treatment and the occurrence of adverse reaction during the treatment were counted. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and chi-square test. Results: The scores of pigmentation, vascularity, pliability, and thickness in VSS and the total VSS score of patients between the two groups before treatment were close (P>0.05). The pliability score in VSS and total VSS score after 3 months of treatment, the score of vascularity in VSS and total VSS score after 6 months of treatment, and the scores of pigmentation, vascularity, pliability, and thickness in VSS and total VSS score of patients after 1 year of treatment in sequential nursing group were significantly lower than those in conventional nursing group (with Z values of -2.51, -3.37, -2.05, -3.28, -3.12, -5.86, -4.63, -5.56, -6.76, respectively, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The score of itch's impact on sleep in FIIQ after 3 months of treatment of patients in sequential nursing group was significantly lower than that in conventional nursing group (Z=-4.17, P<0.01), and the total scores of FIIQ after 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of treatment of patients in sequential nursing group were significantly lower than those in conventional nursing group (with Z values of -6.56, -5.53, -5.84, respectively, P<0.01). After 1 year of treatment, the treatment effective rate of patients in sequential nursing group was 96.3% (52/54), which was significantly higher than 81.8% (45/55) in conventional nursing group (χ²=5.83, P<0.05), and the score of patients' satisfaction with the treatment effect in sequential nursing group was significantly higher than that in conventional nursing group (Z=-4.49, P<0.01). During the treatment period, there was no adverse reaction in patients in sequential nursing group, but there were 3 patients with pruritus and peripheral erythema on the wound in conventional nursing group, which were improved after dressing changes. Conclusions: Sequential nursing can effectively improve the prevention and management of new skin scars in patients after deep burns on the face and neck, improve the itching, the efficiency of treatment, and the satisfaction of patients with the treatment effect.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Burns/surgery* ; Skin ; Cicatrix/therapy* ; Skin Transplantation ; Pruritus/etiology* ; Treatment Outcome

We report a case of systemic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting with extensive infiltration of the skin. A 56-year-old woman presented with a two-month history of pruritic erythematous plaques and nodules over the neck, trunk and upper limbs. She also had night sweats, weight loss, lethargy and reduced effort tolerance. Systemic examination revealed a pale, ill appearance with hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. Blood investigations showed pancytopenia (haemoglobin 6.3 g/dL, total white cell count 3.0 × 10(9)/L, platelet count 138 × 10(9)/L) with a few suspicious mononuclear cells and a mildly elevated lactate dehydrogenase level (478 U/L). Skin biopsy demonstrated diffuse sheets and nodular infiltrates of CD20 and CD79a positive neoplastic cells in the dermis and subcutis. Computed tomography revealed multiple cervical, axillary, mediastinal, para-aortic and mesenteric lymph nodes. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy confirmed marrow involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The patient was treated with chemotherapy, which resulted in resolution of the skin lesions.
Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Pancytopenia ; etiology ; Pruritus ; etiology ; Skin Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; secondary

OBJECTIVETo examine the variations in the prevalence of skin reactions and the association between skin reactions and efficacy of summer acupoint application treatment (SAAT) on chronic pulmonary disease (CPD).

METHODSA total of 2,038 patients with CPD were enrolled at 3 independent hospitals (defined as Groups A, B and C, respectively) in China. All patients were treated by SAAT, as applying a herbal paste onto the acupoints of Fengmen (BL 12) and Feishu (BL 13) on the dog days of summer, according to the lunar calendar, in 2008. Ten days after treatment, skin reaction data (no reaction, itching, stinging, blistering, and infection) were obtained via face-to-face interviews. Patients were retreated in the same hospital one year later, thereby allowing doctors to assess treatment efficacy based on the patients' symptoms, the severity of the spirometric abnormalities, and the concomitant medications used.

RESULTSA large number of patients (85.3%) displayed reactive symptoms; however, the marked associations between reactive symptoms and age or gender were not observed. An increased number of patients from Group B (99.3%) and Group C (76.5%) displayed reactive symptoms due to the increased mass of crude Semen Sinapis Albae. The effective rate of SAAT was as high as 90.4% for patients of Group B, which was followed by Group A (70.9%) and Group C (42.2%). Using stratified analyses, a convincing association between reactive symptoms and therapeutic efficacy was observed for patients with asthma [itching: odds ratio (OR)=2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.49 to 3.14; blistering: OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.25 to 0.73; and no reaction: OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.90]. However, the same tendency was not observed for patients with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

CONCLUSIONSSAAT can induce very mild skin reactions for patients with CPD, among which patients with asthma displayed a strong association between skin reactions and therapeutic efficacy. The skin reactions may be induced by the crude Semen Sinapis Albae.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Aged ; Blister ; etiology ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Pruritus ; etiology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; therapy ; Skin ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antipruritic mechanisms of pimecrolimus cream for women facial dermatitis.

METHODSTopical pimecrolimus cream 1% was applied in 52 women patients with facial dermatitis. The Investigators Global Assessment (IGA) score, severity of pruritus (SP) scores, and a basic syntax and molecular substrate (molecular psychophysics) of nociception and pruriception established by temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels were used to evaluate the clinical signs, severity of pruritus, and skin sensory phenomenon.

RESULTSThe IGA scores at day 1 and 4 of treatment and the SP score at day 1, 4, and 11 of treatment were significantly lower than the baseline scores before treatment (P < 0.05). Among these 52 patients, 28 (53.8%) showed positive capsaicin-like response (i.e., burning with consequent rapid amelioration of pruritus) at the application sites, 12 (23.1%) showed camphor-like response (i.e., warming with consequent rapid amelioration of pruritus), and 12 (23.1%) showed negative capsaicin-like response or negative camphor-like response.

CONCLUSIONSTreatment with pimecrolimus cream 1% can rapidly and effectively improve the signs and symptoms of facial dermatitis in adult women patients. Pimecrolimus cream 1% may act on the transient potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor in the skin sensory afferents to induce capsaicin-like response or camphor-like response and then desensitizes TRPV1 and rapidly inhibits or alleviate itching.

Administration, Topical ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antipruritics ; administration & dosage ; Dermatitis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pruritus ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Tacrolimus ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a pruritus intervention program on pruritus and sleep satisfaction in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHOD: This study was designed for a nonequivalent control group repeated measures quasi-experimental study. Hemodialysis patients were recruited from a kidney center at a university hospital located in G city, Korea. The subjects consisted of 43 patients 21 for the experimental group and 22 for the control group. The 2-week pruritus intervention program was given to the experimental group only.. An analytical survey was done before and after the pruritus intervention program. RESULT: There was a significant decrease in pruritus and increase in sleep satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was significant improvement in clinical symptoms and sleep satisfaction after completing the pruritus intervention program in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Pruritus intervention program in hemodialysis patients decreased pruritus severity and increased sleep satisfaction, which can be used as an efficient nursing intervention for hemodialysis patients.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; *Patient Education as Topic ; Patient Satisfaction ; Program Evaluation ; Pruritus/etiology/*therapy ; *Renal Dialysis ; Sleep

A case of IgG4-related disease presented with a duodenal ulcer to improve the understan-ding of IgG4-related diseases was reported. A 70-year-old male presented with cutaneous pruritus and abdominal pain for four years and blackened stools for two months. Four years ago, the patient went to hospital for cutaneous pruritus and abdominal pain. Serum IgG4 was 3.09 g/L (reference value 0-1.35 g/L), alanine aminotransferase 554 U/L (reference value 9-40 U/L), aspartate aminotransferase 288 U/L (reference value 5-40 U/L), total bilirubin 54.16 μmol/L (reference value 2-21 μmol/L), and direct bilirubin 29.64 μmol/L (reference value 1.7-8.1 μmol/L) were all elevated. The abdominal CT scan and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography indicated pancreatic swelling, common bile duct stenosis, and secondary obstructive dilation of the biliary system. The patient was diagnosed with IgG4-related disease and treated with prednisone at 40 mg daily. As jaundice and abdominal pain improved, prednisone was gradually reduced to medication discontinuation. Two months ago, the patient developed melena, whose blood routine test showed severe anemia, and gastrointestinal bleeding was diagnosed. The patient came to the emergency department of Beijing Hospital with no improvement after treatment in other hospitals. Gastroscopy revealed a 1.5 cm firm duodenal bulb ulcer. After treatment with omeprazole, the fecal occult blood was still positive. The PET-CT examination was performed, and it revealed no abnormality in the metabolic activity of the duodenal wall, and no neoplastic lesions were found. IgG4-related disease was considered, and the patient was admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of Beijing Hospital for further diagnosis and treatment. The patient had a right submandibular gland mass resection history and diabetes mellitus. After the patient was admitted to the hospital, the blood test was reevaluated. The serum IgG4 was elevated at 5.44 g/L (reference value 0.03-2.01 g/L). Enhanced CT of the abdomen showed that the pancreas was mild swelling and was abnormally strengthened, with intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilation and soft tissue around the superior mesenteric vessels. We pathologically reevaluated and stained biopsy specimens of duodenal bulbs for IgG and IgG4. Immunohistochemical staining revealed remarkable infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into duodenal tissue, the number of IgG4-positive cells was 20-30 cells per high-powered field, and the ratio of IgG4/IgG-positive plasma cells was more than 40%. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone at 40 mg daily dosage and cyclophosphamide, and then the duodenal ulcer was healed. IgG4 related disease is an immune-medicated rare disease characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. It is a systemic disease that affects nearly every anatomic site of the body, usually involving multiple organs and diverse clinical manifestations. The digestive system manifestations of IgG4-related disease are mostly acute pancreatitis and cholangitis and rarely manifest as gastrointestinal ulcers. This case confirms that IgG4-related disease can present as a duodenal ulcer and is one of the rare causes of duodenal ulcers.
Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Abdominal Pain/drug therapy* ; Acute Disease ; Bilirubin ; Duodenal Ulcer/etiology* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease/diagnosis* ; Pancreatitis/drug therapy* ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Prednisone/therapeutic use* ; Pruritus/drug therapy*

Levocetirizine is a second-generation nonsedative antihistaminic agent that has been demonstrated to be safe and effective for treating allergic disease. There was only one case report of levocetirizine-induced liver toxicity, but a liver biopsy was not performed. In this article, we present the first case of levocetirizine-induced liver injury with histologic findings. A 48-year-old man was hospitalized with jaundice and generalized pruritus that had developed after 2 months of therapy with levocetirizine for prurigo nodularis. Laboratory findings revealed acute hepatitis with cholestasis. A liver biopsy demonstrated portal inflammation and hepatitis with apoptotic hepatocytes. The patient fully recovered 3 weeks after withdrawing levocetirizine. Although levocetirizine is safe and effective, physicians should be aware of its potential hepatotoxicity.
Cetirizine/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/*diagnosis/pathology ; Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity/drug therapy ; Jaundice/etiology ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pruritus/etiology

The effect of lanthanum carbonate on abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in the elderly maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients was investigated. Fifty-four cases subjected to routine MHD complicated with skin pruritus admitted to our hospital were selected and randomly divided into case group (n=28) and control group (n=26). The control group was given routine MHD alone. The case group was given lanthanum carbonate additionally on the basis of routine MHD. The changes of itching degrees at first and third month, and serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels and AAC scores at third month after treatments were compared between the two groups. The correlation between calcium-phosphorus products and AAC scores was also analyzed. There was no significant difference in the baseline of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), uric acid, albumin, hemoglobin, C reactive protein (CRP), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, total cholesterol between case group and control group (P>0.05 for all). There was also no significant difference in the baseline itching scores between the case group and the control group (P>0.05). At 1st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the case group were 14.2 ± 3.2 and 10.5 ± 2.3, respectively, which were significantly lower than the baseline and those in the control group (P<0.05 for all). At 1st and 3rd month after treatment, the itching scores in the control group were 23.6 ± 5.9 and 24.8 ± 6.3, respectively, which were significantly higher than the baseline (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the baseline of serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, iPTH levels between the case group and control group (P>0.05). At 3rd month after treatment, serum phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products and iPTH levels in the case group were decreased significantly as compared with the baseline (P<0.05), and the serum calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus products, and iPTH levels were statistically decreased as compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). The AAC scores showed statistically significant difference between the case group and the control group (P<0.05). The serum phosphorus and AAC scores showed a positive correlation in both two groups. It was suggested that the administration of lanthanum carbonate in the elderly MHD patients can effectively relieve itching, and simultaneously reduce serum phosphorus and iPTH levels, resulting in the attenuation of vascular calcification.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lanthanum ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parathyroid Hormone ; analysis ; Phosphates ; blood ; Pruritus ; blood ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Renal Dialysis ; adverse effects ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Calcification ; blood ; drug therapy