The Proto-oncogene c-myc and c-myb has been shown to be crucial in the development of the hematopoietic system. The changes in the expression of c-myc are concerned the cell proliferation and differentiation, the expression products of which play an important regulatory role in cell growth, differentiation or malignant transformation. The c-myb involves in transcription and affects cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis. More recently, the researches on proto-oncogene c-myc, c-myb in hematopoietic regulation have gradually increased along with development of molecular biology, molecular immunology and cell biology. Scientists point out that the directive differentiation of erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitors, and platelet abnormalities all relate to the level of their expressions. The most common thrombocytopathy includes thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis and so on. The etiology and the mechanism of these diseases are unknown. This article reviews the structure, function and the expression of c-myc and c-myb in platelet diseases and their significance.
Blood Platelet Disorders ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb ; genetics ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of Angelica polysaccharide (APS) on cryopreservated platelets and its mechanism. METHODS: The platelets were divided into 4 group: control group(4 ℃ stored platelets),APS group (APS-treated platelets stored at 4 ℃), LY294002 group (LY294002-treated platelets stored at 4 ℃) and LY294002+APS group(LY294002+APS treated platelets stored at 4 ℃ ). The expression of platelet membrane glycoprotein CD41 and CD61, as well as the platelet apoptotic rate, Caspase 3 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were detected by flow cytometry; the anti-apoptotic mechanism of APS by PI3K /AKT signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot assay. RESULTS: The apoptosis rate of platelets in LY294002 group obviously increased, the activity of CD41 and CD61 expression gradually decreased along with the enhancement of LY294002 concentrations (r=-0.953)； compared with control group, the apoptosis rate of platelets in LY294002 group was enhanced significantly(P<0.05)，while the apoptosis rate of platelets in LY294002+APS group significantly was reduced(P<0.05) as compare with LY294002 group, which suggest that APS has an anti-apoptotic effect on the cryopreserved platelets. APS decreased the expression of Caspase-3 and inhibited the reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential induced by LY294002, moreover, APS could increase the activation of PI3K /AKT pathway in Plt. CONCLUSION APS has an anti-apoptotic effect on the cryopreserved platelets through activating the PI3K /AKT pathway, decreasing the expression of apoptosis protease Caspase-3 and inhibiting the reduction of MMP.
Angelica ; Apoptosis ; Blood Platelets ; Chromones ; Morpholines ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; Polysaccharides ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the expression of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in childhood.

METHODSThirty-one cases of NHL were enrolled in this study as patient group and 8 cases of lymphadenitis as control group. (1) Immunohistochemistry ultrasensitive S-P assay was used to detect the expression of MDM2 protein in pathological tissues in all cases. Positive cells were dyed yellow or brown in nuclei. MDM2 positive cell was defined as >/= 10% of the tumor cells were positive, which was overexpression of MDM2 protein. (2) RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) was performed to value the overexpression of MDM2 mRNA in the pathological tissues and mononuclear cells in peripheral blood. While the ratio of MDM2/beta-actin was >16% was defined as overexpression of MDM2 mRNA.

RESULTS(1) Rates of overexpression of MDM2 protein and MDM2 mRNA were 64.5% and 61.3%, respectively, which were significantly different as compared to that of control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). (2) The relationship analysis among subgroups in the experiment group showed that the overexpression of MDM2 protein did not correlate with classifications of working formulation, cellular origin, sex, clinical stage and involved extranodal sites (P > 0.05), but significantly correlated with classifications of B status and the increased serum LDH level (P < 0.05). It was shown that the overexpression of MDM2 mRNA did not correlate with classifications of working formulation, cellular origin, sex and clinical stage (P > 0.05), significantly correlated with B status (P < 0.05), and was remarkably significantly correlated with the involved extranodal sites and the increased serum LDH level (P < 0.01). (3) It was demonstrated that the overexpression of MDM2 mRNA in the pathological tissues was similar to the overexpression of MDM2 protein in the pathological tissues and MDM2 mRNA in peripheral blood (P > 0.05, kappa = 0.655 and 0.571), and the overexpression of MDM2 protein in the pathological tissues was similar to that of MDM2 mRNA in peripheral blood (P > 0.05, kappa = 0.609).

CONCLUSIONS(1) The rate of MDM2 oncogene overexpression was quite high. (2) The overexpression of MDM2 protein in pathological tissues determined by using immunohistochemistry ultrasensitive S-P assay was similar to that of MDM2 mRNA in pathological tissues detected by using RT-PCR method. Both methods might be used to detect the overexpression of MDM2 oncogene in the cases of childhood NHL. (3) The overexpression of MDM2 oncogene related to the poor status and poor prognosis of patients with childhood NHL.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; blood ; Child ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins ; blood ; genetics ; Oncogenes ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger

No abstract available.
Acute-Phase Proteins/*urine ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA/*blood/*urine ; Humans ; Kidney/*metabolism ; Lipocalins/*blood/*urine ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*blood/*urine

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of protein kinase B (Akt2) allele deletion on testicular reproductive function, and to discuss the regulatory effect of Cryptotanshinone on the reproductivity of male mice with Akt2 allele deletion and its molecular mechanism.

METHODSFifteen Akt2 +/+ male mice were randomly divided into Groups A (baseline control, n = 7) and B (stimulation, n = 8), and another 29 Akt2 -/- male mice into C (baseline control, n = 7), D (stimulation, n = 8), E (solvent, n = 7) and F (Cryptotanshinone, n = 7). Groups B and D underwent human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation tests at 5 IU / 20 g, while A and C received physiological saline, all for 4 hours; Group F were given gastric lavage of Cryptotanshinone, while E solvent only, at 600 mg/kg twice a day for 8 weeks, both subjected to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) at 2 g/kg before and after the treatment. The body and bilateral testis weights were obtained, the serum testosterone (T) level measured, and the expressions of testicular steroid hormone synthesis and glycometabolism-related genes determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSOGTT showed that the level of blood glucose was significantly higher in Groups C and D than in A and B ([10.38 +/- 1.42] and [10.96 +/- 1.81] mmol/L vs [7.92 +/- 0.63] and [8.32 +/- 0.44] mmol/L, P < 0.05), but had no significant differences at different time points in E and F (P > 0.05). The testis weight was remarkably higher in Groups C and D than in A and B ([0.17 +/- 0.01] and [0.17 +/- 0.01] g vs [0.15 +/- 0.01] and [0.15 +/- 0.02] g, P < 0.05), but exhibited no obvious difference in E and F, nor were there any significant differences in body weight among different groups (P > 0.05). The serum T level was markedly higher in Group C than in A ([9.08 +/- 1.59] nmol/L vs [6.42 +/- 0.95] nmol/L, P < 0.05), but evidently lower in F than in E ([5.94 +/- 0.49] nmol/L vs [8.18 +/- 1.44] nmol/L, P < 0.05). The baseline expression levels of Cyp11, Cyp17, 3B-HSD, Star, Gsk3beta, Erk-1, and MCM2 mRNA were significantly higher in Group C than in A (P < 0.05). After HCG stimulation, the expressions of Cyp11, Cyp17, 3B-HSD, and Star mRNA were remarkably increased in B and D, but with no obvious difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), while the expressions of Cyp11, Cyp17, 3B-HSD, Star, Gsk3beta, Erk-1, and MCM2 mRNA markedly decreased in F as compared with E (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAkt2 gene deletion may affect glycometabolism and testicular function, and cause abnormal glycometabolism and androgen secretion in male mice, whose molecular mechanism is associated with the elevated expressions of the key glycometabolic molecules and of the key enzymes for androgen synthesis. Cryptotanshinone can reduce the levels of androgens by down-regulating the expressions of the key enzymes for androgen synthesis.

Androgens ; blood ; Animals ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; Sequence Deletion

PURPOSE: Platelet transplantation is a novel therapeutic strategy for acceleration of wound healing. When applying platelets, efficacy of adding thrombin to stimulate growth factor release from platelets has already been proven. However, no quantitative data of the thrombin treatment has been reported. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal thrombin concentration to maximize growth factor release of platelets. In particular, this study was designed to quantify levels of platelet derived growth factor(PDGF)-BB, which is a major growth factor containing in the platelets, in vitro. METHODS: Fresh platelets were obtained from a blood bank. They were suspended in DMEM/F-12 and incubated with thrombin of various concentrations. The concentrations of thrombin tested were 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400IU/mL. After 30 minutes, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, the levels of PDGF-BB were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Platelets from four donors were included in this study. Each sample was tested in triplicate and the mean value was used as a data for each sample. RESULTS: The addition of thrombin increased the level of PDGF-BB. Increases in storage time of platelets resulted in decreased levels of PDGF-BB. Higher levels of PDGF were detected in consort with increased thrombin concentrations. However, there was no significant difference between samples of 200 and 400IU/mL concentrations. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that adding thrombin accelerates the release of growth factors from platelets and the optimal thrombin concentration to maximize this function is 200IU/mL.
Acceleration ; Blood Banks ; Blood Platelets ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; Thrombin ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Wound Healing

The 8th edition of AJCC cancer staging system will be launched all over the world in January 1, 2018. The major advances in the 8th edition are the introduction of non-anatomic prognostic and predictive factors supported by I(-II( grade evidence based on histopathology and molecular biology, and the improvement of prognostic assessment system based on these factors, including CEA level, cancer retraction score, circumference margin, lymphatic invasion, peripheral nerve invasion, microsatellite instability, KRAS/NRAS gene mutation and BRAF gene mutation. In the background of evidence-based medicine and precise medicine, combination of anatomic staging and non-anatomic classification system is very important for establishing and improving the prognostic and predictive assessment system of colorectal cancer. This will help to assess colorectal cancer staging and grouping much better, evaluate the prognosis, predict individualized efficacy, and promote clinical practice of colorectal cancer from traditional population-based diagnosis and treatment to the precise individualized care.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; blood ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; classification ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Instability ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; standards ; Precision Medicine ; methods ; trends ; Prognosis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ; genetics

Animals ; Artifacts ; Bicuspid ; Blood Platelets ; Dogs ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Mandible ; Molar ; Nitrogen Mustard Compounds ; Osseointegration ; Osteogenesis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; Titanium ; Transplants

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; Young Adult

This study was aimed to investigate the role of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) in pathogenesis of hyperleukocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The levels of intracellular BCL-2 in 48 AML patients were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Serum levels of BCL-2 in 40 AML patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the serum levels of BCL-2 in hyperleukocytic AML and non-hyperleukocytic AML patients were significantly higher than that in normal controls (P < 0.05), but intracellular BCL-2 levels were not significantly different, as compared with normal controls (P > 0.05). There were no difference of intracellular and serum BCL-2 levels between hyperleukocytic and non-hyperleukocytic AML patients (P > 0.05). The serum and intracellular levels of BCL-2 between hyperleukocytic AML, non-hyperleukocytic AML patients and normal controls were not statistically correlated. It is concluded that leukemic cells in AML patients produce and secrete too much BCL-2, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of leukemia disease. However, the anti-apoptosis effect of BCL-2 has no significant impact on the pathogenesis of hyperleukocytic AML.
Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; blood ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; blood