Ceftizoxime was administered to 30 cases with urinary tract infection for 7 days in the most cases at a daily dose of 1-2 gm intravenously or intramuscularly. The clinical efficacy of Ceftizoxime was as follows: Excellent results were obtained in 13 cases, good result in 14 cases and poor result in 3 cases, the overall effectiveness rate was 90% and no adverse reaction was noted in all cases. bacteriologically, 13 strains were isolated in 26 cases and 4 cases were bacteriologically unknown, and 2 strains in 3 cases, which were a case of proteus morganii and two cases of Pseudomonas fluoresces, were failed in treatment. Judging from the response to Ceftizoxime as shown in al Tables, Ceftizoxime is considered to be a very useful antibiotic in the treatment of urinary tract infection.
Ceftizoxime* ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

This study was performed for the assessing the distribution, drug resistance and its transferability, and cell agglutinating ability of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine of patients with urinary tract infection. Total 164 strains of Strains of Enterobacteriaceae including, 91 strains of E. coli, 35 strains of klebsiella, 23 strains of Proteus, 6 strains of Serratia, 6 strains of Citrobacter, 3 strains of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from urine. In the cell agglutinating test, most organisms, except Proteus, showed mannose resistant agglutination. Among organisms tested more than 20 strains, E. coli showed highest frequency of cell agglutination. In the comparison of cell agglutinating characteristics of E. coli and Klebsiella isolated from urine and other sources urinary isolates of E. coli showed higher frequency of agglutination and greater agglutinating potency than isolates from other sources, but Klebsiella showed little difference between isolates of urine and other sources. Urinary isolates usually showed high frequency of resistance to penicillin(90%), ampicillin(89%). sulfamethoxazole(69%), tetracycline(66%), chloramphenicol(53%), but showed low frequency of resistance to moxalactam(1%), amikacin(2%), and nalidixic acid (9%), and these resistance were highly transferable resistance mediated by R plasmid.
Agglutination ; Citrobacter ; Drug Resistance* ; Enterobacteriaceae ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Mannose ; Nalidixic Acid ; Plasmids ; Proteus ; Serratia ; Urinary Tract Infections

Recently, an increase in incidences of urinary tract infections in uncircumcised male infants has been reported. However, determining what is the best management for the prepuce of newborns and infants is still to be solved. I investigated prospectively how much foreskins are retracted with age and what correlations it has with urinary tract infection in 122 males children below 15 years of age. Under 6 months of age, the majority of the foreskins were unretractable. As they got older, over 3 years of age, their prepuces became retractable. The incidence of bacteriuria was 11.4% in uncircumcised but none in circumcised and hypospadias. In 8 patients showing bacteriuria, their foreskins were retracted below 25% in length. Among them, 5 patients, in whom E. coli were grown in their urine, showed radiologic renal abnormalities and suffered from high fever indicating systemic infection. However, the other 3 cases infected by Proteus mirabilis in their urine complained of only local penile symptoms.
Adolescent ; Bacteriuria/*microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections/*microbiology ; Human ; Infant ; Male ; Penis/*growth & development/*microbiology ; Prospective Studies ; Proteus Infections/*microbiology ; Proteus mirabilis/isolation & purification ; Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology

BACKGROUND: The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents and their resultant emergence of resistant microorganisms have made choices regarding antimicrobial therapy more difficult .Therefore,a new system that separated prescribing and dispensing medicine began on July 1,1997 to prevent overuse and misuse of medicine.We studied to evaluate changes of antibiotic sensitivities to causative microorganisms of urinary tract infection 2 years before and after the new medical system. METHODS: During each 2 years before and after the new medical system,we analyzed antibiotic sensitivities of causative microorganisms for urinary tract infection among the 447 out-patients who visited a hospital in GangNeung.The diagnosis of urinary tract infection was based on greater than 105 CFU (Colony For Unit)per ml.urine. RESULTS: The most common pathogenic microorganisms as E.coli (76.5%),followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.1%),and Proteus mirabilis (3.6%)in urine culture. A first generation cephalosporin,cephalothin,against E.coli, had more significant sensitivity after the introduction of the new medical system (52.6%)than before (33.9%),especially in the 80th decade (P=0.023) and in females (P<0.001).Also,trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole against E.coli showed signifcant improving sensitivity (P=0.025). CONCLUSION: There was little change of antibiotic sensitivity of urinary tract infection in out-patients before and after the new medical system in cephalothin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole against E.coli. The change of antibiotic sensitivities will require further observation for a longer term after the introduction of the new medical system.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Cephalothin ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Outpatients* ; Prescriptions* ; Proteus mirabilis ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

In the recent 2 years, we performed 116 Foley catheter-tip(48 cases of latex, 35 cases of 100% silicone, 33 cases of Silastic) cultures from the male patients who did not have lower urinary tract infection before catheterization. The following result were obtained: 1. The overall positive culture rate of rather-tip culture was 35.3%, and the positive culture rate of urine aspirated from proximal catheter wall just before removal of catheter was 20.6%. 2. The most common microorganism was E-coli in 29.3% and followed by Proteus spp. in 14.7%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 12.2%, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 9.8%, Staphylococcus aureus in 7.3%, Candida tropical in 7.3% in orders. 3. In comparison with duration of catheterization, the positive culture rates of catheter-tip of 3 different materials removed within one day were similarly low from 0 th 12%. However, the positive culture rate was much increased in latex-tip (70%) than silicone-tip (23%) and Silastic-tip (14.3%) which were removed between 2 to 4 days. More than 5 days of indwelling catheterization, the positive culture rates were latex-tip in 100%, silicone-tip in 47% and Silastic-tip in 57.1%.
Candida ; Catheterization ; Catheters* ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; Latex ; Male ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Silicones ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Urinary Tract Infections

Quantitative estimation of number of erythrocytes or leukocytes in urine is often used as a clinical guide or a supportive evidence to urogenital tract infections and other urologic diseases (Schreiner, 1957). Occasionally, however, patients with acute urinary tract infection are found to have only small number of white cells in the urine, particularly when the infecting organism is a Proteus strain and small numbers of red cells appeared in hypotonic, alkaline urine specimens due to hemolysis.(9,11,12,14,30,31,32,33) (Rinsler and Gray, 1957; Free et al., 1956; Brumfitt, 1965; Little, 1965; Gnarpe and Edebo, 1965; Cook, 1956; Leonards, 1962; Pryles and Eliot, 1965; Ambrose and Hlil, 1965). It is well known that blood cells in urine may be disintegrated or hemolyzed and these may occur despite refrigeration, particularly in alkaline specimens. In order to investigate these, the survival of blood cells obtained from human blood was examined in vitro under different conditions of specific gravity, pH, temperature of incubation. The erythrocyte and leukocyte suspensions were made by albumin gradient methods (Spriggs and Alexander, 1960). The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The rate at which blood cells in urine disappear was found to be accelerated by raising the pH, decreasing the urine S.G., and by increasing the temperature at which suspension were kept.(p<0.01) 2. The most rapid disappearance of blood cells occurred in hypotonic, alkaline medium at 37 C and there was little change in cell suspensions kept in acid (pH; 4.5~5.5) or in hypertonic conditions (S.G.; above 1.024) over a period of 12 hours.(p<0.O1) 3. Under the same conditions of suspending medium, the urinary erythrocytes disappeared more rapidly than urinary leukocytes.(p<0.01)
Blood Cells ; Erythrocytes* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Leukocytes* ; Proteus ; Refrigeration ; Specific Gravity ; Survival Rate* ; Suspensions ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Urologic Diseases

Oxolinic acid is a weak-organic acid which developed recently from Nalidixic acid. Author reports a clinical observation about the effect of oxolinic acid on patients of genito-urinary tract infection, who visited to our O.P.D. from May 1976 to Nov. 1976. Daily dose is 1.5gm per oral for 5-28 days. 1. Among 12 cases of nongonococcal urethritis, excellent and good effects are obtained in 10 cases. 2. Among 9 cases of Gonococcal urethritis, excellent effects are resulted in 7 cases. 3. Among 6 cases of acute cystitis, excellent in 4 cases and good result in 2 cases are noted. 4. Among 5 cases of chronic prostatitis, only 1 case excellent and good effects are noted in 2 cases. 5. Among 3 cases of epididymitis, good effects are seen in 2 cases. 6. On 2 cases of chronic cystitis, 1 case is excellent and no effect in 1 case is noted. 7. On 1 case of pyelonephritis, no effect is obtained. 8. Oxolinic acid has the antibacterial activity in 11 cases of 17 cases staphylococcus & streptococcus infections, 7 cases of 9 cases gonococcus infections, and 1 case of 2 cases proteus infections. No significant toxicity is seen through the course of therapy.
Cystitis ; Epididymitis ; Humans ; Male ; Nalidixic Acid ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Oxolinic Acid* ; Prostatitis ; Proteus Infections ; Pyelonephritis ; Staphylococcus ; Streptococcus ; Urethritis

Forty five patients with urinary tract infection were treated with 100mg Norfloxacin twice daily for 3 or 7 days according to the seriousness of infection. Of the 19 patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection including 5 patients with acute bacterial prostatitis or acute epididymitis, none had bacteriuria 7 days after therapy and 1 patient was reinfected 14 days after therapy discontinuation. Of the 26 patients with complicated urinary tract infection, 17 patients(65%) were uninfected 7days after therapy and among them, 3 patients were reinfected I4 days after discontinuation of therapy. Of the 9 patients with persistent infection, 4 patients had resistant bacteriuria and 5 patients had bacteriuria different from that found before therapy. Eradication rate of E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Serratia spp. were 100%,, 100%,, 100%,, 80% and 40%, respectively. Further clinical envaluation seems worthwhile especially in pseudomonas infections since it offers one of the very few alternatives for oral treatment of pseudomonas infections which today may require hospitalization only for the purpose of injectible antibiotics.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteriuria ; Enterobacter ; Epididymitis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Norfloxacin ; Prostatitis ; Proteus ; Pseudomonas ; Pseudomonas Infections ; Serratia ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

The aim of this study was to demonstrate and assess C-reactive protein (CRP) changes in dogs with induced bacterial cystitis with or without antibiotics. We also evaluated availability of CRP levels to serve as an indicator for monitoring or diagnosing bacterial cystitis. Serial CRP concentrations in dogs with induced bacterial cystitis were higher than those of controls (p < 0.001). CRP concentrations peaked on day 7 and gradually decreased thereafter. In the treatment group, CRP concentrations decreased after medication compared to the untreated group (p = 0.032). CRP levels had a linear correlation with urine white blood cell counts among all groups (r = 0.837, p < 0.001, n = 140). Compared to the negative urine culture group, dogs with positive urine culture results had higher CRP concentrations (median 43.8 mg/L vs. 5.9 mg/L; p < 0.001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.955; when cut-off value was 12.2 mg/L, CRP measurements were found to have a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 86.4%. This result indicates that rapid increases of CRP occurred after inducing bacterial cystitis and CRP may be a useful indicator for monitoring or diagnosing canine bacterial cystitis together with sediment urinalysis and urine bacterial culture.
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; C-Reactive Protein/genetics/*metabolism ; Cystitis/metabolism/*veterinary ; Dogs ; Gene Expression Regulation/*physiology ; Inflammation/*metabolism ; Male ; Proteus Infections/drug therapy/metabolism/microbiology/*veterinary ; Proteus mirabilis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated the clinical features of ciprofloxacin-resistant Proteus mirabilis bacteremia and risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance. METHODS: From October 2000 to July 2009, 37 patients with clinically significant P. mirabilis bacteremia were identified and data from patients with ciprofloxacin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible P. mirabilis bacteremia were compared. RESULTS: The most common underlying diseases were neurologic disease (37.8%) and solid tumors (29.7%). The most common site of infection was the urinary tract (35.1%). Ten of the 37 patients (27.0%) were infected with ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, and univariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between ciprofloxacin-resistant P. mirabilis bacteremia and neurologic disease, recent operation, L-tube insertion, percutaneous tube use, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production (all p < 0.05). ESBL was detected in six of 10 (60%) ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates, while only three of 27 (11%) ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates produced ESBL (p = 0.005). In a logistic regression analysis, ESBL production remained a significant factor associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, after adjusting for other variables. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate a close association between ciprofloxacin resistance and ESBL-production in P. mirabilis bacteremia. This association is particularly troublesome because the therapeutic options for serious infections caused by ESBL-producing P. mirabilis are severely restricted.
Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology ; Bacteremia/*drug therapy ; Ciprofloxacin/*pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteus Infections/*drug therapy ; Proteus mirabilis/*drug effects/enzymology ; Risk Factors ; beta-Lactamases/*biosynthesis