PURPOSE: Candida albicans (C. albicans) and Proteus species are causative agents in a variety of opportunistic nosocomial infections, and their ability to form biofilms is known to be a virulence factor. In this study, the influence of co-cultivation with Proteus vulgaris (P. vulgaris) and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) on C. albicans biofilm formation and its underlying mechanisms were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: XTT reduction assays were adopted to measure biofilm formation, and viable colony counts were performed to quantify yeast growth. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the expression of yeast-specific genes (rhd1 and rbe1), filament formation inhibiting genes (tup1 and nrg1), and hyphae-related genes (als3, ece1, hwp1, and sap5). RESULTS: Candida biofilm formation was markedly inhibited by treatment with either living or heat-killed P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis. Proteus-cultured supernatant also inhibited Candida biofilm formation. Likewise, treatment with live P. vulgaris or P. mirabilis or with Proteus-cultured supernatant decreased expression of hyphae-related C. albicans genes, while the expression of yeast-specific genes and the filament formation inhibiting genes of C. albicans were increased. Heat-killed P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis treatment, however, did not affect the expression of C. albicans morphology-related genes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that secretory products from P. vulgaris and P. mirabilis regulate the expression of genes related to morphologic changes in C. albicans such that transition from the yeast form to the hyphal form can be inhibited.
Biofilms* ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Cross Infection ; Mirabilis ; Proteus mirabilis* ; Proteus vulgaris* ; Proteus* ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Virulence ; Yeasts

No abstract available.
Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Ecthyma* ; Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia* ; Humans ; Proteus vulgaris* ; Proteus*

Proteus syndrome is a rare condition that can be loosely categorized as a hamartomatous disorder. It is a complex disorder with multisystem involvement and great clinical variability. At this time, it is unknown how many individuals have Proteus syndrome, since not all cases of Proteus syndrome are documented. We do not know whether anesthetic problems in Proteus syndrome are common or not, but as there is a high incidence of cervical spine involvement, we anticipate significant anesthetic problems. We experienced such a case under general anesthesia for liposuction to lipomatosis in the posterior neck and right upper back, in a 18-year-old boy with Proteus syndrome. We report this case of Proteus syndrome and review the literature on this rare disease.
Adolescent ; Anesthesia, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lipectomy ; Lipomatosis ; Male ; Neck ; Proteus Syndrome* ; Proteus* ; Rare Diseases ; Spine

The term Proteus syndrome was coined in 1983 to describe a disorder of skeletal, hamartoinatous and other mesodermal malformations. The syndrome was named after the Greek god Proteus, whose name means "the Polymorphous". Major manifestations are hemihypertrophy, macrodactyly, exostoses, epidermal nevi, characteristic cerebriform masses involving the plantar or palmar surfaces, a variety of subcutaneous masses and scoliosis. We report a 12-year-old boy with Proteus syndrome who had the unique features of this syndrome.
Child ; Exostoses ; Humans ; Male ; Mesoderm ; Nevus ; Numismatics ; Proteus Syndrome* ; Proteus* ; Scoliosis

Proteus syndrome is a rare congenital hamartomatous condition with a variety of abnormalities affecting allthree germ layers including overgrowth of various parts of the body, hemihypertrophy, unusual skeletalmalformation, skin lesions, and various tumors. I describe the radiologic findings in a 12 year-old boy withProteus syndrome. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are very useful for the specific diagnosis.
Child ; Diagnosis ; Germ Layers ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Proteus Syndrome* ; Proteus* ; Skin

Pyogenic liver abscess causes various clinical manifestations and resulted in complications in 30-50 % of cases. Pericarditis due to pyogenic liver abscess is a very rare complication, the result of which is usually fatal without treatment. We report a case of 60-year-old female who had pyogenic liver abscess by Proteus vulgaris complicated with acute purulent pericarditis. Another 3 cases in previous Korean literature were also reviewed.
Female ; Humans ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic* ; Middle Aged ; Pericarditis* ; Proteus vulgaris* ; Proteus*

The Proteus syndrome is a recently described congenital harmatosis consisting of numerous clinical features of great variety. Mainly affected are the musculoskeletal system, primarily by hemihypertrophy, macrodactyly, exostoses and kyphoscoliosis, and the skin and the subcutaneous tissue, primarily by pigmented nevi and subcutaneous tumors. These findings are diagnostic features of Proteus syndrome. We report typical manifestations of Proteus syndrome in a 12-year-old boy with brief review of literature.
Child ; Exostoses ; Humans ; Male ; Musculoskeletal System ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Proteus Syndrome* ; Proteus* ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue

Pyogenic liver abscess causes various clinical manifestations and resulted in complications in 30-50 % of cases. Pericarditis due to pyogenic liver abscess is a very rare complication, the result of which is usually fatal without treatment. We report a case of 60-year-old female who had pyogenic liver abscess by Proteus vulgaris complicated with acute purulent pericarditis. Another 3 cases in previous Korean literature were also reviewed.
Female ; Humans ; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic* ; Middle Aged ; Pericarditis* ; Proteus vulgaris* ; Proteus*

Isolated collagenoma usually occurs on the plantar area and is frequently associated with Proteus syndrome. A few reports have described isolated collagenoma on extra-plantar areas such as palm, scalp, face, thigh and finger. Herein, we report a case of isolated collagenoma on the periungual area, which was confused with digital mucous cyst. A 26-year-old man visited our clinic with an asymptomatic, 0.8x0.7 cm-sized, firm, skin-colored nodule on the periungual area of the left fourth finger. The distal nail of the nodule showed a longitudinal groove. Histopathologic findings from periungual nodule showed thickened collagen bundles packing reticular dermis.
Adult ; Collagen ; Dermis ; Fingers ; Humans ; Nails ; Proteus Syndrome ; Scalp ; Thigh

Collagenomas, or connective tissue nevi of the collagen type, are hamartomatous growths of otherwise normal collagen. They are divided into two groups: the inherited form that contains familial cutaneous collagenoma and shagreen patches in tuberous sclerosis, and the acquired form that contains eruptive collagenoma and isolated collagenoma. Among them, isolated plantar collagenoma with a cerebriform appearance is a relatively rare type of connective tissue nevus. It has been described as one of the major skin findings in Proteus syndrome. We present an unusual case of acquired isolated plantar collagenoma presenting as cerebriform hyperplasia, which was not associated with Proteus syndrome.
Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Hyperplasia ; Nevus ; Proteus Syndrome ; Skin ; Tuberous Sclerosis