Humans ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic tumor originated from hematopoietic stem cells. FLT3 is an important receptor tyrosine kinase in cell signal transduction pathway and one of the common mutated genes in AML. AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutation have a poor prognosis and tendency to relapse. Therefore, early identification of FLT3 gene mutation and selection of appropriate treatment are particularly important. Currently, the small moleculetargeted drugs have been new treatment methods for AML patients with FLT3-ITD mutation, but accompanied drug resistance need to be solved. This paper reviews the mechanism of FLT3 mutation, the clinical significance of FLT3 mutation in AML, FLT3 inhibitors and drug resistance mechanism.
Humans ; Mutation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Signal Transduction ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/therapeutic use* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy* ; fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3/genetics*

Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; drug therapy ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Signal Transduction ; Trastuzumab

Molecule-targeting agents inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells by the molecular biological differences between tumor cells and normal cells, and finally kill tumor cells. This article introduces several molecule-targeting agents that are currently under clinical trials now.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; Erlotinib Hydrochloride ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Quinazolines ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; therapy ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective: To investigate the molecular-cytogenetic characterization and impact on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy in chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML-CP) patients with variant Ph chromosome (vPh). Methods: The clinical data of 32 patients with vPh chromosomes were collected and compared with 703 patients with typical Ph chromosome in newly diagnosed CML-CP who were on first-line imatinib (IM) and with BCR-ABL transcript of P210. Results: There was no significant difference in demographic and hematological characteristics between vPh and classic Ph patients. 3(9.4%) of the 32 vPh cases were simple variant translocations. Among the remaining 29 cases with complex variant translocations, 28 cases (87.5%) involved 3 chromosomes, and only 1 (3.1%) involved 4 chromosomes. Except for 8, 15, 18, X, and Y chromosomes, the other chromosomes were involved. The frequency of chromosome 12q(15.5%) and 1p (12.1%) were higher involved. The most common FISH signal pattern was 2G2R1Y (74.1%), followed by 1G1R2F (14.8%), 2G1R1Y (3.7%), 1G2R1Y (3.7%), 1G1R1Y (3.7%). The comparison of complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) (P=0.269), major molecular response (MMR) (P=0.391) were carried out between simple and complex mechanisms, without difference. Compared with the classic Ph, the patients with vPh had higher IM primary resistance rate (χ²=3.978, P=0.046), especially primary hematological resistance (χ²=7.870, P=0.005), but the difference of CCyR (χ²=0.192, P=0.661), MMR (χ²=0.822, P=0.365), EFS (χ²=0.509, P=0.476), OS (χ²=3.485, P=0.062) were not statistically significant, and multivariate analysis showed that the presence of vPh did not affect OS (RR=0.692, 95%CI 0.393-1.765, P=0.658)、EFS (RR=0.893, 95%CI 0.347-2.132, P=0.126) and PFS (RR=1.176, 95%CI 0.643-2.682, P=0.703). Conclusion: CML-CP patients with vPh and classic Ph had similar demographic and hematological characteristics. Except for 22q11, 9q34, the frequency of chromosome 12q and 1p were higher involved. The most common FISH signal pattern was 2G2R1Y, and different mechanisms had no impact on TKIs therapy. Compared with cases with classic Ph chromosomes, the patients with vPh chromosomes had higher risk of IM primary resistance, especially primary hematological resistance, which can obtain deeper molecular response quickly after changing to second-generation TKIs and didn't affect long-term outcomes and OS.
Cytogenetics ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy* ; Philadelphia Chromosome ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Objective: The clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who had discontinued tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) therapy were analyzed retrospectively. Methods: Clinical data of 109 cases of chronic CML patients who had discontinued TKI therapy in seven centers were retrospectively analyzed from June 1, 2005 to March 1, 2018. 91 cases with complete clinical data were enrolled in this study. We aimed to observe the status of patients with treatment free remission (TFR) after TKI therapy discontinuation and its prognostic factors. Results: 38 of 91 patients lost MMR after a median follow-up of 9 months and the estimated TFR was 52.6%. 31 of 38 patients who met the definition of molecular relapse resumed TKI treatment immediately and regained the major molecular response (MMR) with a median time of 3 months (range, 1-12 months). No significant difference was found in median course of imatinib therapy between the TFR group and the relapse. Similarly, duration to MMR, age and gender also showed no difference between the two groups. The longer duration of MMR maintenance (more than 24 months), the lower relapse rate was observed (P=0.027). Conclusion: TKI might be safely discontinued in part of CML patients.
China ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy* ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Currently, about 300 million people worldwide are affected by asthma. Most of these sufferers inhale immunosuppressants (ie corticosteroids) and beta-adrenergic receptor agonists for their asthma treatment. However, about 5%-10% of patients of asthma have poor response to such treatment. Investigation of kinase signaling pathway and nuclear transcription factor as a target molecule in the treatment of allergic asthma has been the concern of scholars home and abroad. This paper reviewed inhibitors of kinase signaling pathway and nuclear transcription factors for the treatment of asthma.
Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; antagonists & inhibitors