No abstract available.
Coronary Angiography* ; Protein S Deficiency* ; Protein S* ; Pulmonary Embolism*

In Behcet's disease(BD), there is a marked increase in vascular complication. Venous thrombosis is a major feature of the disease, although arterial thrombosis is rarely described. In Behcet's disease, thrombosis occurs in 20 to 30% of patients. We present two cases of Behcet's disease admitted to our hospital whose chief complaint was progressive increases in swelling and pain in their legs. In the first case, routine coagulation tests and sero-immunological tests were within normal limits, however, protein C and S activity were significantly decreased in the patient. So these findings suggest that auto-immune acquired protein S deficiency may be involved in the pathogenesis of thrombotic events in BD.
Humans ; Leg ; Protein C ; Protein S Deficiency ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis*

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common condition that is often under-diagnosed. Acquired or hereditary defects of coagulation or a combination of these defects may facilitate the development of DVT. Recurrent DVT, a positive family history or unusual presentation may warrant investigation for hereditary thrombophilia. Investigations are best when conducted at least one month after completion of a course of anticoagulant therapy. Most patients are managed with heparin in the acute stage overlapped by warfarin. The case presented here describes a 40-year old man undergoing three episodes of DVT. Investigations revealed protein C and protein S deficiency. Protein C, protein S and antithrombin deficiency either singly or in combination, are relatively common causes of hereditary thrombophilia. The case presented here serves as a reminder of the need to look into the underlying cause of venous thromboembolism.
Heparin ; Humans ; Protein C ; Protein S ; Protein S Deficiency ; Thrombophilia ; Venous Thromboembolism ; Venous Thrombosis ; Warfarin

Protein S is a natural anticoagulant present in the plasma that serves as a cofactor for activated protein C. The protein S level is decreased in congenital deficiency, inflammatory syndrome, DIC, hepatic disorders, malignancy, and oral anticoagulant (warfarin) therapy. Protein S deficiency provokes recurrent thromboembolism, superficial and/or deep vein thrombosis. Behcet's disease is a multisystemic disorder presenting with recurrent oral and genital ulcerations as well as ocular involvement. The mechanism of vascular involvement of Behcet's disease is not fully understood. This is a case report of Behcet's disease associated with protein S deficiency in a 44 year old male patient with deep vein thrombosis. We report the case with relevant literature review.
Adult ; Dacarbazine ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma ; Protein C ; Protein S Deficiency* ; Protein S* ; Thromboembolism ; Ulcer ; Venous Thrombosis

Among the numerous conditions that can lead to a hypercoagulable state, protein C and S deficiencies have been frequently described. Although protein C and S deficiencies have frequently been associated with venous thromboembolic events, instances of arterial thromboses have been reported, especially in young patients. The exact incidence of protein C and S deficiencies in patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency has not been established. Given the paucity of adequate studies to define the natural history and arteriographic findings of these patients, treatment has not been well delineated. We report a young female patient who presented with severe peripheral arterial insufficiency and underwent an unusual clinical course associated with protein S deficiency.
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Natural History ; Protein C ; Protein S Deficiency* ; Protein S* ; Thrombosis

Acute renal infarction is an uncommon disease that is often misdiagnosed initially because of its nonspecific presentation. Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of thromboembolic event, but renal infarction can also occur in patient with special conditions such as hypercoagulable states. Protein S deficiency is a rare cause of the hypercoagulable states and induces both venous and arterial thrombosis. Protein S are a vitamin K dependent plasma protein that serves as a cofactor for the anticoagulant effects of activated protein C. Patients deficient in protein S is prone to recurrent thromboembolic disease. We reported a case of acute renal infarction that was associated with type II protein S deficiency in a 38-year old patient without underlying cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Humans ; Infarction ; Plasma ; Protein C ; Protein S ; Protein S Deficiency ; Thrombophilia ; Thrombosis ; Vitamin K

The occurrence of acute ischemic stroke in childhood is rare. The etiology of childhood ischemic stroke is different from that of an adult, and coagulation abnormalities are suspected to be related. Protein S is a vitamin-K-dependent plasma protein that inhibits the coagulation system by serving as a cofactor for activated protein C, and the clinical manifestations of its deficiency are virtually identical to those of protein C deficiency. We reported the case of a child who presented with right side weakness and who was diagnosed as having a cerebral infarction associated with protein S deficiency as the cause of stroke.
Adult ; Cerebral Infarction ; Child ; Humans ; Plasma ; Protein C ; Protein C Deficiency ; Protein S Deficiency* ; Protein S* ; Stroke*

Protein S (PS) deficiency is a rare blood disorder associated with thrombosis. Only a small number of cases of isolated celiac artery dissection can be found in the literature. We now report a case of isolated celiac artery dissection and splenic infarction in a 44-year old male with PS deficiency. Abdominal computed tomography revealed celiac artery dissection and splenic infarction. The patient's PS activity was 64% (nl : 70~140%) upon admission and 52% four weeks later. He was started on a regimen of NPO, antibiotics, and analgesics. He resumed oral intake of food and drugs on hospital day 3 and was discharged to his home on hospital day 8. We report a case of isolated celiac artery dissection with splenic infarction in a patient with PS deficiency that improved with conservative treatment. The patient's management did not include anti-platelet/thrombotic agents or endovascular/operational procedures.
Analgesics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Celiac Artery ; Humans ; Male ; Protein S ; Protein S Deficiency ; Splenic Infarction ; Thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the abnormality of protein S in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion due to antiphospholipid syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Antigen and activity of protein S were analyzed by enzyme immunoassay and clotting method, respectively. RESULTS: Of 18 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, 4 patients were found to have no abnormality of protein S. There were 14 cases of protein S abnormality. Among them, there were 8 cases of type 1, 1 case of type 2, and 5 cases of type 3 protein S deficiency. CONCLUSION: So in the workup of patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion due to antiphospholipid syndrome, the evaluation for protein S is required.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Pregnancy ; Protein S Deficiency* ; Protein S*

ESWL is an effective treatment for renal and ureteral calculi with few serious side effects. Most complications are related to an obstruction from stone fragments lodged within the ureter with an accompanying colic and/or infection and subcapsular or perirenal hematoma. Here we report a patient with a protein S deficiency sustaining a deep vein thrombosis following an ESWL for a mid ureter stone.
Colic ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Protein S Deficiency* ; Protein S* ; Thrombosis ; Ureter ; Ureteral Calculi ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis*