AIM: To study the gastroprotective effect and in vivo antioxidant potential of a standardized iridoid fraction from B. prionitis leaves (BPE) against different gastric ulcer models in rats. METHOD: The standardized iridoid fraction from BPE at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight was administered orally, twice daily for 5 days for prevention from aspirin, ethanol, cold-restraint stress (CRS), and pylorus ligation (PL)-induced ulcers. Estimation of the antioxidant enzyme activity was carried out in a CRS-induced ulcer model, and various gastric secretion parameters including volume of gastric juice, acid output, and pH value were estimated in the PL-induced ulcer model. RESULTS: BPE showed a dose-dependent ulcer protective effect in PL (18.67%-66.26% protection), aspirin (24.65%-63.25% protection), CRS (20.77%-59.42% protection), and EtOH (16.93%-77.04% protection)-induced ulcers. BPE treatment in PL-rats showed a decrease in acid-pepsin secretion, and enhanced mucin and mucosal glycoproteins. However, BPE reduced the ulcer index with significant decrease in LPO (P < 0.01-0.001), SOD (P < 0.01-0.001), and an increase in CAT (P < 0.01-0.001), activity in the CRS-induced model. CONCLUSION The data shows that the iridoid fraction from BPE possesses anti-ulcerogenic and antioxidant potential.
Acanthaceae ; chemistry ; Animals ; Anti-Ulcer Agents ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Iridoids ; administration & dosage ; Male ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach Ulcer ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of small dose of dopamine on the intestinal mucosa of scalded rats in shock stage.

METHODSWistar rats inflicted by 30% TBSA of III degree scalding were employed as the model. The rats were pre-placed with cardiac catheter before and were resuscitated intravenously after injury. The scalded rats were treated by routine (control) and small dose of dopamine (3 micro g.kg(-1).min(-1)), respectively. The changes of rat serum levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactic acid (LA) were observed after treatment. And the pathomorphological changes of the intestine were scored.

RESULTSThe general condition of the rats with dopamine treatment in shock stage was better than that in control group. The rat serum levels of MDA, LA and DAO decreased obviously, especially during 3 to 12 postburn hours (PBHs) after treatment by small dose of dopamine. The pathomorphological scoring of ileum in dopamine treating group was better than that in control.

CONCLUSIONThe intestinal mucosa of severely scalded rats in shock stage could be well protected by small dose of dopamine.

Animals ; Burns ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective: This study aimed to explore the protective effect of procyanidin B2 (PCB2) on acute liver injury induced by aflatoxin B (AFB ) in rats. Methods: Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, AFB , AFB + PCB2, and PCB2 groups. The latter two groups were administrated PCB2 intragastrically (30 mg/kg body weight) for 7 d, whereas the control and AFB groups were given the same dose of double distilled water intragastrically. On the sixth day of treatment, the AFB and AFB + PCB2 groups were intraperitoneally injected with AFB (2 mg/kg). The control and PCB2 groups were intraperitoneally administered the same dose of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). On the eighth day, all rats were euthanized: serum and liver tissue were isolated for further examination. Hepatic histological features were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Weight, organ coefficient (liver, spleen, and kidney), liver function (serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin), oxidative index (catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine), inflammation factor [hepatic interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression and serum IL-6], and bcl-2/bax ratio were measured. Results: AFB significantly caused hepatic histopathological damage, abnormal liver function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and bcl-2/bax ratio reduction compared with DMSO-treated controls. Our results indicate that PCB2 treatment can partially reverse the adverse liver conditions induced by AFB . Conclusion Our findings indicate that PCB2 exhibits a protective effect on acute liver injury induced by AFB .
Aflatoxin B1 ; toxicity ; Animals ; Biflavonoids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Catechin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Poisons ; toxicity ; Proanthocyanidins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

protective conditions in children are not well defined and represent the aims of this study.METHODS: We prospectively enrolled inpatient children submitted to antibiotic treatment. Indication, type, dose and duration of treatment, probiotic supplementation and gastrointestinal symptoms were recorded at recruitment, after two and four weeks. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) was defined as the presence of at least 3 loose/liquid stools within 14 days from antibiotic onset.RESULTS: AAD occurred in 59/289 (20.4%) of patients, with increased risk in children younger than 3 years (relative risk [RR]=4.25), in lower respiratory (RR=2.11) and urinary infections (RR=3.67), intravenous administration (RR=1.81) and previous AAD episodes (RR=1.87). Abdominal pain occurred in 27/289 (9.3%), particularly in children >6 years (RR=4.15), with previous abdominal pain (RR=7.2) or constipation (RR=4.06). Constipation was recorded in 23/289 (8.0%), with increased risk in children having surgery (RR=2.56) or previous constipation (RR=7.38). Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced AAD (RR=0.30) and abdominal pain (RR=0.36). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and L. reuteri significantly reduced AAD (RR=0.37 and 0.35) and abdominal pain (RR=0.37 and 0.24).CONCLUSION: AAD occurred in 20.4% of children, with increased risk at younger age, lower respiratory and urinary tract infections, intravenous treatment and previous AAD. LGG and L. reuteri reduced both AAD and associated abdominal pain.]]>
Abdominal Pain ; Administration, Intravenous ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Child ; Constipation ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Lactobacillus reuteri ; Lactobacillus rhamnosus ; Probiotics ; Prospective Studies ; Protective Factors ; Urinary Tract Infections

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of radiation emitted by mobile phones on bone strength and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the changes induced by radiation.

METHODSForty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Rats in the control group (first group) were left within the experimental setup for 30 min/day for 28 days without radiation exposure. Nine hundred MHz radiation group was broke down into 2 subgroups (group 1/2). Both subgroups were exposed to radiation for 28 days (30 min/day). The next group was also divided into 2 subgroups (group 3/4). Each was exposed to 1800 MHz of radiation for 28 days (30 min/day). The third and fifth groups were also treated with CAPE for 28 days. Treatment groups received ip caffeic acid phenethyl ester (10 micromol/kg per day) before radiation session. Bone fracture was analyzed.

RESULTSBreaking force, bending strength, and total fracture energy decreased in the irradiated groups but increased in the treatment groups.

CONCLUSIONRadiation and CAPE can significantly improve bone.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Density ; Caffeic Acids ; administration & dosage ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Femur ; pathology ; Fractures, Bone ; prevention & control ; Male ; Phenylethyl Alcohol ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; prevention & control ; Radiation-Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIMTo study the importance of blood pressure variability in organ protection for long-term treatment with fosinopril in-sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rats.

METHODSFosinopril (15 mg.kg-1.d-1) was given in rat chow for 16 weeks after SAD surgery. Blood pressure variability (BPV) was recorded during 24 h in conscious state. Histopathological changes were evaluated with light microscope and computer-assisted image analysis.

RESULTSLong-term treatment with fosinopril significantly decreased BPV in SAD rats. The thickness of the left ventricular wall, collagen fraction of the left ventricle and glomerulosclerosis score were all positively related to BPV in untreated and fosinopril-treated SAD rats. Fosinopril markedly prevented the damages of target organs in SAD rats.

CONCLUSIONLong-term treatment with fosinopril showed obvious organ protection in SAD rats. The decrease in BPV may significantly contribute to organ protection.

Animals ; Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Denervation ; methods ; Fosinopril ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Sinoatrial Node ; innervation ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic efficacy of Dangfei Liganning Tablet (DLT) in the treatment of antipsychotics induced mild hepatic damage.

METHODSTotally 80 mental inpatients with antipsychotics induced mild liver injury were randomly assigned to two groups, the treatment group (40 cases) and the control group (40 cases). Patients in the treatment group took DLT, two tablets each time, three times per day, while those in the control group took Liver-protecting Tablet (LT), four tablets each time, three times per day. The treatment course was 4 weeks for all. Changes of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST) were observed before treatment, week 1, 2, and 4 after treatment. The therapeutic efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSCompared with the former time point, ALT and AST gradually decreased in the two groups at week 1, 2, and 4 (P <0. 05). The cured rate was 72. 5% and the total effective rate was 97. 5% in the treatment group. They were 62. 5% and 90. 0% respectively in the control group. There was no statistical difference in the two indices between the two group (P >0.05). No obvious adverse reaction occurred in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONDLT could treat antipsychotics induced mild hepatic damage in a safe and effective way.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Antipsychotic Agents ; adverse effects ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Tablets ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the protective effect of purslane on the acute injury caused by intra-colonic administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats.

METHODSeventy-two male SD rats were separated into 6 groups randomly. Rat model of ulcerative colitis was established by intra-colonic administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS). Purslane (2.5, 5, 10 g x kg(-1)) and sulfasalazine(0.5 g x kg(-1)) was administered by enemata, 3 days after TNBS instillation and daily during 10 days before killing the rats. Colons were removed for histological analysis and measurement of myeloperoxidase (MPO).

RESULTRats treated with purslane (5 and 10 g x kg(-1)) were significantly healthier than TNBS-alone rats, as shown by improved food intake and reduced diarrhea, corrected the disorders in morphology associated to lesions, significantly reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels.

CONCLUSIONpurslane exerts protective effect in experimental colitis, the effect seems to be related to relieving inflammatory reaction and repairing lesions.

Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; genetics ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans ; Male ; Peroxidase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Portulaca ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis (TYTZ) on myocardial tissues of Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.

METHODTotally 36 Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided to six groups: the normal control group, the model group, the Danlou tablet group, and TYTZ groups with doses of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 g x kg(-1), with six in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Interventional balloons are adopted to injure their left anterior descending artery endothelium. After the operation, they were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to prepare the coronary heart disease model of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome in Chinese mini-swine. After the operation, they were administered with drugs for 8 weeks. The SOD activity and MDA content of each group were observed at the 0th week (before the experiment), the 2nd week after the high-fat diet (before the operation or drug administration) , the 6th week after the high-fat diet (4 weeks after the drug administration) and the 10th week after the high-fat diet (8 weeks after the drug administration). Meanwhile, the myocardial enzymogram test and the HE staining pathological observation were performed at the end of the experiment. The changes in the myocardial cell ultra-structure were observed under transmission electron microscope.

RESULTCompared with the normal control group, the model group showed significant decrease in serum SOD activity and notable increase in MDA content from the 2nd week to the end of experiment (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). In the 10th week, the CK, LDH and CK-MB levels in serum also significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), with obvious structural abnormality in myocardial tissue pathologic morphology and ultra-structure. Compared with the model group, TYTZ groups showed specific increase in serum SOD activity and oblivious decrease in the MDA level (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Meanwhile, TYTZ could significantly decrease serum CK and LDH levels in the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), attenuate the ischemia injury of myocardial tissue, and improve the ultra-structure of cardiomyocytes.

CONCLUSIONTYTZ shows an obvious protective effect on the myocardial injury in Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. Its mechanism is related to the resistance against free radical oxidation injury and the inhibition of the lipid per-oxidation.

Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mucus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVEThis study was conducted to evaluate the antiulcerogenic property of hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the leaves of Plumeria alba Linn.

METHODSAntiulcer assays were performed using the protocols of ulcer induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ethanol and pylorus ligation. The hydroalcoholic extract (HAPA), and various fractions of HAPA like, n-hexane extract (HPA), ethyl acetate extract (EAPA) and n-butanol extract (BPA) were administered at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg for HAPA and 100 and 200 mg/kg for fractions of extracts. Parameters of gastric secretion (volume, pH, total protein, and free and total acidity) were determined by the pylorus ligation model. Parameters like aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also determined in ethanol-induced ulcer model. To determine the mechanism of action, role of nitric oxide was also evaluated.

RESULTSEAPA and BPA (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed gastric ulcer-healing effect in indomethacin-induced ulcer model, while HAPA (200 mg/kg) and HPA showed no significant antiulcer effect. Both EAPA and BPA showed gastric cytoprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats.

CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study show that some hydroalcoholic extract of Plumeria alba L. displays antiulcer activity, as demonstrated by the significant inhibition of ulcer formation induced by different models, which is consistent with the literature report in folk medicine.

Animals ; Apocynaceae ; chemistry ; Female ; Gastric Juice ; secretion ; Humans ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stomach Ulcer ; drug therapy ; metabolism